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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age</title><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brandt, Guido" sort="Brandt, Guido" uniqKey="Brandt G" first="Guido" last="Brandt">Guido Brandt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Hylke N" sort="De Jong, Hylke N" uniqKey="De Jong H" first="Hylke N." last="De Jong">Hylke N. De Jong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Christian" sort="Meyer, Christian" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Christian" last="Meyer">Christian Meyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganslmeier, Robert" sort="Ganslmeier, Robert" uniqKey="Ganslmeier R" first="Robert" last="Ganslmeier">Robert Ganslmeier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie und Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 9, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heyd, Volker" sort="Heyd, Volker" uniqKey="Heyd V" first="Volker" last="Heyd">Volker Heyd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkesworth, Chris" sort="Hawkesworth, Chris" uniqKey="Hawkesworth C" first="Chris" last="Hawkesworth">Chris Hawkesworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pike, Alistair W G" sort="Pike, Alistair W G" uniqKey="Pike A" first="Alistair W. G." last="Pike">Alistair W. G. Pike</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meller, Harald" sort="Meller, Harald" uniqKey="Meller H" first="Harald" last="Meller">Harald Meller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie und Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 9, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alt, Kurt W" sort="Alt, Kurt W" uniqKey="Alt K" first="Kurt W." last="Alt">Kurt W. Alt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19015520</idno><idno type="pmc">2587582</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587582</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2587582</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0807592105</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000297</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000297</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age</title><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brandt, Guido" sort="Brandt, Guido" uniqKey="Brandt G" first="Guido" last="Brandt">Guido Brandt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Hylke N" sort="De Jong, Hylke N" uniqKey="De Jong H" first="Hylke N." last="De Jong">Hylke N. De Jong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Christian" sort="Meyer, Christian" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Christian" last="Meyer">Christian Meyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganslmeier, Robert" sort="Ganslmeier, Robert" uniqKey="Ganslmeier R" first="Robert" last="Ganslmeier">Robert Ganslmeier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie und Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 9, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heyd, Volker" sort="Heyd, Volker" uniqKey="Heyd V" first="Volker" last="Heyd">Volker Heyd</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkesworth, Chris" sort="Hawkesworth, Chris" uniqKey="Hawkesworth C" first="Chris" last="Hawkesworth">Chris Hawkesworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pike, Alistair W G" sort="Pike, Alistair W G" uniqKey="Pike A" first="Alistair W. G." last="Pike">Alistair W. G. Pike</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meller, Harald" sort="Meller, Harald" uniqKey="Meller H" first="Harald" last="Meller">Harald Meller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie und Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 9, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alt, Kurt W" sort="Alt, Kurt W" uniqKey="Alt K" first="Kurt W." last="Alt">Kurt W. Alt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In 2005 four outstanding multiple burials were discovered near Eulau, Germany. The 4,600-year-old graves contained groups of adults and children buried facing each other. Skeletal and artifactual evidence and the simultaneous interment of the individuals suggest the supposed families fell victim to a violent event. In a multidisciplinary approach, archaeological, anthropological, geochemical (radiogenic isotopes), and molecular genetic (ancient DNA) methods were applied to these unique burials. Using autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosomal markers, we identified genetic kinship among the individuals. A direct child-parent relationship was detected in one burial, providing the oldest molecular genetic evidence of a nuclear family. Strontium isotope analyses point to different origins for males and children versus females. By this approach, we gain insight into a Late Stone Age society, which appears to have been exogamous and patrilocal, and in which genetic kinship seems to be a focal point of social organization.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19015520</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2587582</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">5608</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0807592105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haak</surname><given-names>Wolfgang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brandt</surname><given-names>Guido</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Jong</surname><given-names>Hylke N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meyer</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ganslmeier</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heyd</surname><given-names>Volker</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hawkesworth</surname><given-names>Chris</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pike</surname><given-names>Alistair W. G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meller</surname><given-names>Harald</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alt</surname><given-names>Kurt W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>Institut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie und Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 9, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany; and</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>3</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>wolfgang.haak@adelaide.edu.au</email></corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved October 3, 2008</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: W.H., A.W.G.P., H.M., and K.W.A. designed research; G.B., H.N.d.J., C.M., and R.G. performed research; W.H., G.B., H.N.d.J., R.G., C.H., and A.W.G.P. analyzed data; and W.H., G.B., C.M., R.G., V.H., C.H., A.W.G.P., H.M., and K.W.A. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn fn-type="equal" id="FN1"><p><sup>1</sup>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><fn fn-type="present-address" id="FN2"><p><sup>2</sup>Present address: The Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, SA-5005 Adelaide, Australia.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>47</issue><fpage>18226</fpage><lpage>18231</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>5</day><month>8</month><year>2008</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA</copyright-statement></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zpq04708018226.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>In 2005 four outstanding multiple burials were discovered near Eulau, Germany. The 4,600-year-old graves contained groups of adults and children buried facing each other. Skeletal and artifactual evidence and the simultaneous interment of the individuals suggest the supposed families fell victim to a violent event. In a multidisciplinary approach, archaeological, anthropological, geochemical (radiogenic isotopes), and molecular genetic (ancient DNA) methods were applied to these unique burials. Using autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosomal markers, we identified genetic kinship among the individuals. A direct child-parent relationship was detected in one burial, providing the oldest molecular genetic evidence of a nuclear family. Strontium isotope analyses point to different origins for males and children versus females. By this approach, we gain insight into a Late Stone Age society, which appears to have been exogamous and patrilocal, and in which genetic kinship seems to be a focal point of social organization.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>burial rites</kwd><kwd>Neolithic</kwd><kwd>violence</kwd><kwd>Corded Ware Culture</kwd><kwd>exogamy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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