Divergence in Male and Female Manipulative Behaviors with the Intensification of Metallurgy in Central Europe
Identifieur interne : 000099 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000098; suivant : 000100Divergence in Male and Female Manipulative Behaviors with the Intensification of Metallurgy in Central Europe
Auteurs : Alison A. Macintosh [Royaume-Uni] ; Ron Pinhasi [Irlande (pays)] ; Jay T. Stock [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Humeral morphology has been shown to reflect, in part, habitual manipulative behaviors in humans. Among Central European agricultural populations, long-term social change, increasing task specialization, and technological innovation all had the potential to impact patterns of habitual activity and upper limb asymmetry. However, systematic temporal change in the skeletal morphology of agricultural populations in this region has not been well-characterized. This study investigates diachronic patterns in humeral biomechanical properties and lengths among 174 adult Central European agriculturalists through the first ∼5400 years of farming in the region. Greater asymmetry in biomechanical properties was expected to accompany the introduction of metallurgy, particularly in males, while upper limb loading patterns were expected to be more similar between the Bronze and Iron Ages. Results revealed a divergence in the lateralization of upper limb biomechanical properties by sex between the Early/Middle Neolithic and Early/Middle Bronze Age. Neolithic females had significantly more variable properties than males in both humeri, while Bronze Age female properties became homogeneous and very symmetrical relative to the right-biased lateralization of contemporaneous males. The Bronze Age to Iron Age transition was associated with morphological change among females, with a significant increase in right-biased asymmetry and a concomitant reduction in sexual dimorphism. Relative to biomechanical properties, humeral length variation and asymmetry were low though some significant sexual dimorphism and temporal change was found. It was among females that the lateralization of humeral biomechanical properties, and variation within them, changed most profoundly through time. This suggests that the introduction of the ard and plow, metallurgical innovation, task specialization, and socioeconomic change through ∼5400 years of agriculture impacted upper limb loading in Central European women to a greater extent than men.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112116
PubMed: 25389972
PubMed Central: 4229139
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Macintosh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinhasi, Ron" sort="Pinhasi, Ron" uniqKey="Pinhasi R" first="Ron" last="Pinhasi">Ron Pinhasi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Earth Institute and School of Archaeology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Earth Institute and School of Archaeology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Dublin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stock, Jay T" sort="Stock, Jay T" uniqKey="Stock J" first="Jay T." last="Stock">Jay T. Stock</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Humeral morphology has been shown to reflect, in part, habitual manipulative behaviors in humans. Among Central European agricultural populations, long-term social change, increasing task specialization, and technological innovation all had the potential to impact patterns of habitual activity and upper limb asymmetry. However, systematic temporal change in the skeletal morphology of agricultural populations in this region has not been well-characterized. This study investigates diachronic patterns in humeral biomechanical properties and lengths among 174 adult Central European agriculturalists through the first ∼5400 years of farming in the region. Greater asymmetry in biomechanical properties was expected to accompany the introduction of metallurgy, particularly in males, while upper limb loading patterns were expected to be more similar between the Bronze and Iron Ages. Results revealed a divergence in the lateralization of upper limb biomechanical properties by sex between the Early/Middle Neolithic and Early/Middle Bronze Age. Neolithic females had significantly more variable properties than males in both humeri, while Bronze Age female properties became homogeneous and very symmetrical relative to the right-biased lateralization of contemporaneous males. The Bronze Age to Iron Age transition was associated with morphological change among females, with a significant increase in right-biased asymmetry and a concomitant reduction in sexual dimorphism. Relative to biomechanical properties, humeral length variation and asymmetry were low though some significant sexual dimorphism and temporal change was found. It was among females that the lateralization of humeral biomechanical properties, and variation within them, changed most profoundly through time. This suggests that the introduction of the ard and plow, metallurgical innovation, task specialization, and socioeconomic change through ∼5400 years of agriculture impacted upper limb loading in Central European women to a greater extent than men.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, Hh" uniqKey="Jones H">HH Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Priest, Jd" uniqKey="Priest J">JD Priest</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Wc" uniqKey="Hayes W">WC Hayes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tichenor, Cc" uniqKey="Tichenor C">CC Tichenor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagel, Da" uniqKey="Nagel D">DA Nagel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krahl, H" uniqKey="Krahl H">H Krahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michaelis, U" uniqKey="Michaelis U">U Michaelis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pieper, Hg" uniqKey="Pieper H">HG 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25389972</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4229139</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-14-29568</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0112116</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Biomechanics</subject><subj-group><subject>Bone and Joint Mechanics</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Physical Anthropology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject><subj-group><subject>Cultural Anthropology</subject><subj-group><subject>Cultural Diversity</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Archaeology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Divergence in Male and Female Manipulative Behaviors with the Intensification of Metallurgy in Central Europe</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Manipulative Behavior in Central European Farmers</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Macintosh</surname><given-names>Alison A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pinhasi</surname><given-names>Ron</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stock</surname><given-names>Jay T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Earth Institute and School of Archaeology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Larsen</surname><given-names>Clark Spencer</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Ohio State University, United States of America</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>am2028@cam.ac.uk</email></corresp><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: AAM RP JTS. Performed the experiments: AAM. Analyzed the data: AAM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AAM RP. Wrote the paper: AAM RP JTS. Funded the data collection: RP.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>11</issue><elocation-id>e112116</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Macintosh et al</copyright-holder><license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Humeral morphology has been shown to reflect, in part, habitual manipulative behaviors in humans. Among Central European agricultural populations, long-term social change, increasing task specialization, and technological innovation all had the potential to impact patterns of habitual activity and upper limb asymmetry. However, systematic temporal change in the skeletal morphology of agricultural populations in this region has not been well-characterized. This study investigates diachronic patterns in humeral biomechanical properties and lengths among 174 adult Central European agriculturalists through the first ∼5400 years of farming in the region. Greater asymmetry in biomechanical properties was expected to accompany the introduction of metallurgy, particularly in males, while upper limb loading patterns were expected to be more similar between the Bronze and Iron Ages. Results revealed a divergence in the lateralization of upper limb biomechanical properties by sex between the Early/Middle Neolithic and Early/Middle Bronze Age. Neolithic females had significantly more variable properties than males in both humeri, while Bronze Age female properties became homogeneous and very symmetrical relative to the right-biased lateralization of contemporaneous males. The Bronze Age to Iron Age transition was associated with morphological change among females, with a significant increase in right-biased asymmetry and a concomitant reduction in sexual dimorphism. Relative to biomechanical properties, humeral length variation and asymmetry were low though some significant sexual dimorphism and temporal change was found. It was among females that the lateralization of humeral biomechanical properties, and variation within them, changed most profoundly through time. This suggests that the introduction of the ard and plow, metallurgical innovation, task specialization, and socioeconomic change through ∼5400 years of agriculture impacted upper limb loading in Central European women to a greater extent than men.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>The authors were funded by the following: Cambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trust (AAM) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cambridgetrust.org/">http://www.cambridgetrust.org/</ext-link>); Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (AAM) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca/">http://www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca/</ext-link>); and European Research Council Starting Grant ERC-2010-StG263,441 (RP) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://erc.europa.eu/">http://erc.europa.eu/</ext-link>). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><page-count count="17"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. The data used in this study is available either within the paper or in its Supporting Information file.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. The data used in this study is available either within the paper or in its Supporting Information file.</p></notes></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Irlande (pays)</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Cambridge</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Macintosh, Alison A" sort="Macintosh, Alison A" uniqKey="Macintosh A" first="Alison A." last="Macintosh">Alison A. Macintosh</name></region><name sortKey="Stock, Jay T" sort="Stock, Jay T" uniqKey="Stock J" first="Jay T." last="Stock">Jay T. Stock</name></country><country name="Irlande (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pinhasi, Ron" sort="Pinhasi, Ron" uniqKey="Pinhasi R" first="Ron" last="Pinhasi">Ron Pinhasi</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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