Cranial vault trauma and selective mortality in medieval to early modern Denmark
Identifieur interne : 000057 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000056; suivant : 000058Cranial vault trauma and selective mortality in medieval to early modern Denmark
Auteurs : Jesper L. Boldsen [Danemark] ; George R. Milner ; Svenja Weise [Allemagne]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Neurocranial fractures and their aftermath took a toll on people in premodern societies, much like today. Archaeological information on skeletal trauma, however, typically consists of mere tallies of injuries, much like other disease-related lesions. We quantify the increased risk of dying for men with healed cranial vault fractures, an approach that can be adapted to any pathological condition. In medieval to early modern Denmark, head-injured men experienced a relative risk of dying about double that of modern people, probably in large part because of differences in medical care and social support. This approach provides a means of measuring the extent, hence consequences, of excess injury and disease-related mortality across the full range of human societies extending into the distant past.
Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412511112
PubMed: 25624493
PubMed Central: 4330746
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cranial vault trauma and selective mortality in medieval to early modern Denmark</title><author><name sortKey="Boldsen, Jesper L" sort="Boldsen, Jesper L" uniqKey="Boldsen J" first="Jesper L." last="Boldsen">Jesper L. Boldsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine,<institution>University of Southern Denmark</institution>, DK 5260 Odense S,<country>Denmark</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milner, George R" sort="Milner, George R" uniqKey="Milner G" first="George R." last="Milner">George R. Milner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Anthropology,<institution>Pennsylvania State University</institution>, University Park,<addr-line>PA</addr-line> 16802;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weise, Svenja" sort="Weise, Svenja" uniqKey="Weise S" first="Svenja" last="Weise">Svenja Weise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research</institution>, 18057 Rostock,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25624493</idno><idno type="pmc">4330746</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330746</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4330746</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1412511112</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000312</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000312</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000312</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000312</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000057</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000057</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cranial vault trauma and selective mortality in medieval to early modern Denmark</title><author><name sortKey="Boldsen, Jesper L" sort="Boldsen, Jesper L" uniqKey="Boldsen J" first="Jesper L." last="Boldsen">Jesper L. Boldsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine,<institution>University of Southern Denmark</institution>, DK 5260 Odense S,<country>Denmark</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milner, George R" sort="Milner, George R" uniqKey="Milner G" first="George R." last="Milner">George R. Milner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Anthropology,<institution>Pennsylvania State University</institution>, University Park,<addr-line>PA</addr-line> 16802;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weise, Svenja" sort="Weise, Svenja" uniqKey="Weise S" first="Svenja" last="Weise">Svenja Weise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research</institution>, 18057 Rostock,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>Neurocranial fractures and their aftermath took a toll on people in premodern societies, much like today. Archaeological information on skeletal trauma, however, typically consists of mere tallies of injuries, much like other disease-related lesions. We quantify the increased risk of dying for men with healed cranial vault fractures, an approach that can be adapted to any pathological condition. In medieval to early modern Denmark, head-injured men experienced a relative risk of dying about double that of modern people, probably in large part because of differences in medical care and social support. This approach provides a means of measuring the extent, hence consequences, of excess injury and disease-related mortality across the full range of human societies extending into the distant past.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25624493</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4330746</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201412511</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1412511112</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cranial vault trauma and selective mortality in medieval to early modern Denmark</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Trauma and mortality in medieval Denmark</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boldsen</surname><given-names>Jesper L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Milner</surname><given-names>George R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weise</surname><given-names>Svenja</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>Department of Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine,<institution>University of Southern Denmark</institution>, DK 5260 Odense S,<country>Denmark</country>;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Department of Anthropology,<institution>Pennsylvania State University</institution>, University Park,<addr-line>PA</addr-line> 16802;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup><institution>Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research</institution>, 18057 Rostock,<country>Germany</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: <email>ost@psu.edu</email> or <email>jboldsen@health.sdu.dk</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Clark Spencer Larsen, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, and accepted by the Editorial Board December 24, 2014 (received for review July 2, 2014)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: J.L.B. and G.R.M. designed research; J.L.B., G.R.M., and S.W. performed research; J.L.B. and G.R.M. analyzed data; and J.L.B. and G.R.M. wrote the paper.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>10</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>112</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1721</fpage><lpage>1726</lpage><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="pnas.201412511.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Significance</title><p>Neurocranial fractures and their aftermath took a toll on people in premodern societies, much like today. Archaeological information on skeletal trauma, however, typically consists of mere tallies of injuries, much like other disease-related lesions. We quantify the increased risk of dying for men with healed cranial vault fractures, an approach that can be adapted to any pathological condition. In medieval to early modern Denmark, head-injured men experienced a relative risk of dying about double that of modern people, probably in large part because of differences in medical care and social support. This approach provides a means of measuring the extent, hence consequences, of excess injury and disease-related mortality across the full range of human societies extending into the distant past.</p></abstract><abstract><p>To date, no estimates of the long-term effect of cranial vault fractures on the risk of dying have been generated from historical or prehistoric skeletons. Excess mortality provides a perspective on the efficacy of modern treatment, as well as the human cost of cranial injuries largely related to interpersonal violence in past populations. Three medieval to early modern Danish skeletal samples are used to estimate the effect of selective mortality on males with cranial vault injuries who survived long enough for bones to heal. The risk of dying for these men was 6.2 times higher than it was for their uninjured counterparts, estimated through a simulation study based on skeletal observations. That is about twice the increased risk of dying experienced by modern people with traumatic brain injuries. The mortality data indicate the initial trauma was probably often accompanied by brain injury. Although the latter cannot be directly observed in skeletal remains, it can be inferred through the relative risks of dying. The ability to identify the effects of selective mortality in this skeletal sample indicates it must be taken into account in paleopathological research. The problem is analogous to extrapolating from death register data to modern communities, so epidemiological studies based on mortality data have the same inherent possibility of biases as analyses of ancient skeletons.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>selective mortality</kwd><kwd>cranial trauma survival</kwd><kwd>violence</kwd><kwd>premodern Denmark</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group id="gs1"><funding-source id="sp1">American-Scandinavian Foundation (ASF)<named-content content-type="funder-id">100001468</named-content></funding-source><award-id rid="sp1">No Grant Ref Number</award-id></award-group></funding-group><counts><page-count count="6"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Danemark</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Milner, George R" sort="Milner, George R" uniqKey="Milner G" first="George R." last="Milner">George R. Milner</name></noCountry><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Boldsen, Jesper L" sort="Boldsen, Jesper L" uniqKey="Boldsen J" first="Jesper L." last="Boldsen">Jesper L. Boldsen</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Weise, Svenja" sort="Weise, Svenja" uniqKey="Weise S" first="Svenja" last="Weise">Svenja Weise</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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