Earliest Porotic Hyperostosis on a 1.5-Million-Year-Old Hominin, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Identifieur interne : 000465 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000464; suivant : 000466Earliest Porotic Hyperostosis on a 1.5-Million-Year-Old Hominin, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Auteurs : Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo [Espagne] ; Travis Rayne Pickering [États-Unis, Afrique du Sud] ; Fernando Diez-Martín [Espagne] ; Audax Mabulla [Tanzanie] ; Charles Musiba [États-Unis] ; Gonzalo Trancho [Espagne] ; Enrique Baquedano [Espagne] ; Henry T. Bunn [États-Unis] ; Doris Barboni [France] ; Manuel Santonja [Espagne] ; David Uribelarrea [Espagne] ; Gail M. Ashley [États-Unis] ; María Del Sol Martínez-Ávila [Espagne] ; Rebeca Barba [Espagne] ; Agness Gidna [Espagne] ; José Yravedra [Espagne] ; Carmen Arriaza [Espagne]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Meat-eating was an important factor affecting early hominin brain expansion, social organization and geographic movement. Stone tool butchery marks on ungulate fossils in several African archaeological assemblages demonstrate a significant level of carnivory by Pleistocene hominins, but the discovery at Olduvai Gorge of a child's pathological cranial fragments indicates that some hominins probably experienced scarcity of animal foods during various stages of their life histories. The child's parietal fragments, excavated from 1.5-million-year-old sediments, show porotic hyperostosis, a pathology associated with anemia. Nutritional deficiencies, including anemia, are most common at weaning, when children lose passive immunity received through their mothers' milk. Our results suggest, alternatively, that (1) the developmentally disruptive potential of weaning reached far beyond sedentary Holocene food-producing societies and into the early Pleistocene, or that (2) a hominin mother's meat-deficient diet negatively altered the nutritional content of her breast milk to the extent that her nursing child ultimately died from malnourishment. Either way, this discovery highlights that by at least 1.5 million years ago early human physiology was already adapted to a diet that included the regular consumption of meat.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046414
PubMed: 23056303
PubMed Central: 3463614
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<author><name sortKey="Santonja, Manuel" sort="Santonja, Manuel" uniqKey="Santonja M" first="Manuel" last="Santonja">Manuel Santonja</name>
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</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Geodynamics, Complutense University, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, Complutense University, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
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<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
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</affiliation>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Museo de los Orígenes, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gidna, Agness" sort="Gidna, Agness" uniqKey="Gidna A" first="Agness" last="Gidna">Agness Gidna</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Museo de los Orígenes, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Museo de los Orígenes, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Yravedra, Jose" sort="Yravedra, Jose" uniqKey="Yravedra J" first="José" last="Yravedra">José Yravedra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arriaza, Carmen" sort="Arriaza, Carmen" uniqKey="Arriaza C" first="Carmen" last="Arriaza">Carmen Arriaza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Museo de los Orígenes, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Museo de los Orígenes, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Museo Arqueológico Regional, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museo Arqueológico Regional, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
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<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Meat-eating was an important factor affecting early hominin brain expansion, social organization and geographic movement. Stone tool butchery marks on ungulate fossils in several African archaeological assemblages demonstrate a significant level of carnivory by Pleistocene hominins, but the discovery at Olduvai Gorge of a child's pathological cranial fragments indicates that some hominins probably experienced scarcity of animal foods during various stages of their life histories. The child's parietal fragments, excavated from 1.5-million-year-old sediments, show porotic hyperostosis, a pathology associated with anemia. Nutritional deficiencies, including anemia, are most common at weaning, when children lose passive immunity received through their mothers' milk. Our results suggest, alternatively, that (1) the developmentally disruptive potential of weaning reached far beyond sedentary Holocene food-producing societies and into the early Pleistocene, or that (2) a hominin mother's meat-deficient diet negatively altered the nutritional content of her breast milk to the extent that her nursing child ultimately died from malnourishment. Either way, this discovery highlights that by at least 1.5 million years ago early human physiology was already adapted to a diet that included the regular consumption of meat.</p>
</div>
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