Discovery of a 240 million year old nematode parasite egg in a cynodont coprolite sheds light on the early origin of pinworms in vertebrates
Identifieur interne : 000255 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000254; suivant : 000256Discovery of a 240 million year old nematode parasite egg in a cynodont coprolite sheds light on the early origin of pinworms in vertebrates
Auteurs : Jean-Pierre Hugot ; Scott L. Gardner ; Victor Borba [Brésil] ; Priscilla Araujo ; Daniela Leles ; Átila Augusto Stock Da-Rosa ; Juliana Dutra [Brésil] ; Luiz Fernando Ferreira [Brésil] ; Adauto Araújo [Brésil]Source :
- Parasites & Vectors [ 1756-3305 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : Brésil.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Brazil.
- classification : Oxyurida.
- history : Oxyurida Infections.
- isolation & purification : Oxyurida.
- parasitology : Feces.
- Animals, Fossils, History, Ancient, Mammals, Paleopathology, Phylogeny.
Abstract
We report the discovery of a nematode parasite egg (Nemata: Oxyurida) from a coprolite closely associated with the remains of several species of Cynodontia, dated to 240 million years old. This finding is particularly significant because this is the oldest record of an oxyurid nematode yet discovered, and because the cynodonts are considered a stem-group of the mammals.
We extracted material from a fully mineralized coprolite by both scraping the surface, and removing fragments from its interior with clean dental instruments used a single time. A single drop of glycerol from a new vial was added as a clearing reagent. Each slide was sealed with wax and examined with an optical microscope at 100× to 400× magnification.
From one coprolite, 550 slides were examined; from 275 of these slides, sediment was examined that was scraped from the surface of the coprolite, and from the other 275 slides, material was examined that was extracted from the interior of the coprolite. All microscopic structures encountered were photographed, measured, and identified when possible.
From the coprolite examined, we discovered an egg representing a new species of pinworm that, based on the egg structure, clearly places it in the family Heteroxynematidae. Nematodes of the order Oxyurida have very constrained life-histories, occurring only in animals that are not strictly carnivorous and also ingest large amounts of plant material. This fact enabled us to determine which species of cynodont, from several collected at the site in Brazil, are most likely the depositors of the coprolite, and therefore were the putative host of the parasite.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0486-6
PubMed: 25495824
PubMed Central: 4236488
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PMC:4236488Le document en format XML
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xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Discovery of a 240 million year old nematode parasite egg in a cynodont coprolite sheds light on the early origin of pinworms in vertebrates</title><author><name sortKey="Hugot, Jean Pierre" sort="Hugot, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Hugot J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Hugot">Jean-Pierre Hugot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS, 55, rue Buffon, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05 France</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Cedex 05 France</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, Scott L" sort="Gardner, Scott L" uniqKey="Gardner S" first="Scott L" last="Gardner">Scott L. Gardner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Harold W Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, W529 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NB 685880514 USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NB 685880514 USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borba, Victor" sort="Borba, Victor" uniqKey="Borba V" first="Victor" last="Borba">Victor Borba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Araujo, Priscilla" sort="Araujo, Priscilla" uniqKey="Araujo P" first="Priscilla" last="Araujo">Priscilla Araujo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Prof. Ernani Pires de Melo, 101, 24210-130 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro Brazil</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio de Janeiro Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leles, Daniela" sort="Leles, Daniela" uniqKey="Leles D" first="Daniela" last="Leles">Daniela Leles</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Prof. Ernani Pires de Melo, 101, 24210-130 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro Brazil</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio de Janeiro Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stock Da Rosa, Atila Augusto" sort="Stock Da Rosa, Atila Augusto" uniqKey="Stock Da Rosa A" first="Átila Augusto" last="Stock Da-Rosa">Átila Augusto Stock Da-Rosa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Geociências, Laboratório de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia, Campus Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dutra, Juliana" sort="Dutra, Juliana" uniqKey="Dutra J" first="Juliana" last="Dutra">Juliana Dutra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Luiz Fernando" sort="Ferreira, Luiz Fernando" uniqKey="Ferreira L" first="Luiz Fernando" last="Ferreira">Luiz Fernando Ferreira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Araujo, Adauto" sort="Araujo, Adauto" uniqKey="Araujo A" first="Adauto" last="Araújo">Adauto Araújo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Parasites & Vectors</title><idno type="eISSN">1756-3305</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Brazil</term><term>Feces (parasitology)</term><term>Fossils</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Mammals</term><term>Oxyurida (classification)</term><term>Oxyurida (isolation & purification)</term><term>Oxyurida Infections (history)</term><term>Paleopathology</term><term>Phylogeny</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Brazil</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Oxyurida</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="history" xml:lang="en"><term>Oxyurida Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Oxyurida</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Feces</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Fossils</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Mammals</term><term>Paleopathology</term><term>Phylogeny</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Brésil</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>We report the discovery of a nematode parasite egg (Nemata: Oxyurida) from a coprolite closely associated with the remains of several species of Cynodontia, dated to 240 million years old. This finding is particularly significant because this is the oldest record of an oxyurid nematode yet discovered, and because the cynodonts are considered a stem-group of the mammals.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We extracted material from a fully mineralized coprolite by both scraping the surface, and removing fragments from its interior with clean dental instruments used a single time. A single drop of glycerol from a new vial was added as a clearing reagent. Each slide was sealed with wax and examined with an optical microscope at 100× to 400× magnification.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>From one coprolite, 550 slides were examined; from 275 of these slides, sediment was examined that was scraped from the surface of the coprolite, and from the other 275 slides, material was examined that was extracted from the interior of the coprolite. All microscopic structures encountered were photographed, measured, and identified when possible.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>From the coprolite examined, we discovered an egg representing a new species of pinworm that, based on the egg structure, clearly places it in the family Heteroxynematidae. Nematodes of the order Oxyurida have very constrained life-histories, occurring only in animals that are not strictly carnivorous and also ingest large amounts of plant material. This fact enabled us to determine which species of cynodont, from several collected at the site in Brazil, are most likely the depositors of the coprolite, and therefore were the putative host of the parasite.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Araujo, A" uniqKey="Araujo A">A Araújo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Lf" uniqKey="Ferreira L">LF Ferreira</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gardner, Sl" uniqKey="Gardner S">SL Gardner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cambpell, M" uniqKey="Cambpell M">M Cambpell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Larew, Lg" uniqKey="Larew L">LG Larew</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jouy Avantin, F" uniqKey="Jouy Avantin F">F Jouy-Avantin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Combes, C" uniqKey="Combes C">C Combes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lumley, H" uniqKey="Lumley H">H Lumley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miskovsky, Jc" uniqKey="Miskovsky J">JC Miskovsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mone, H" uniqKey="Mone H">H Moné</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Da Rosa, Aas" uniqKey="Da Rosa A">AAS Da-Rosa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Soares, Mb" uniqKey="Soares M">MB Soares</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schultz, Cl" uniqKey="Schultz C">CL Schultz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horn, Bld" uniqKey="Horn B">BLD Horn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Da Silva, Pa" uniqKey="Da Silva P">PA Da Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borba, Vh" uniqKey="Borba V">VH Borba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dutra, Jmf" uniqKey="Dutra J">JMF Dutra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leles, D" 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Pedersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altizer, S" uniqKey="Altizer S">S Altizer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poss, M" uniqKey="Poss M">M Poss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cunningham, Aa" uniqKey="Cunningham A">AA Cunningham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nunn, Cl" uniqKey="Nunn C">CL Nunn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sorci, G" uniqKey="Sorci G">G Sorci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morand, S" uniqKey="Morand S">S Morand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hugot, Jp" uniqKey="Hugot J">JP Hugot</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hugot, Jp" uniqKey="Hugot J">JP Hugot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feliu, C" uniqKey="Feliu C">C Feliu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ribas, A" uniqKey="Ribas A">A Ribas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Darwin, C" uniqKey="Darwin C">C Darwin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cameron, Tw" uniqKey="Cameron T">TW Cameron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sandosham, Aa" uniqKey="Sandosham A">AA Sandosham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brooks, Dr" uniqKey="Brooks D">DR Brooks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glen, Dr" uniqKey="Glen D">DR Glen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hugot, Jp" uniqKey="Hugot J">JP Hugot</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hugot, Jp" uniqKey="Hugot J">JP Hugot</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoberg, Ep" uniqKey="Hoberg E">EP Hoberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pilitt, Pa" uniqKey="Pilitt P">PA Pilitt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galbreath, Ke" uniqKey="Galbreath K">KE Galbreath</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barberena, Mc" uniqKey="Barberena M">MC Barberena</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abdala, Fn" uniqKey="Abdala F">FN Abdala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sa Teixeira, Am" uniqKey="Sa Teixeira A">AM Sa-Teixeira</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Battail, B" uniqKey="Battail B">B Battail</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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