Bone reactions on a pliocene cetacean rib indicate short‐term survival of predation event
Identifieur interne : 001487 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001486; suivant : 001488Bone reactions on a pliocene cetacean rib indicate short‐term survival of predation event
Auteurs : R. J. Kallal ; S. J. Godfrey ; D. J. OrtnerSource :
- International Journal of Osteoarchaeology [ 1047-482X ] ; 2012-05.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
There is little osteological evidence of non‐lethal predation events in the archaeological or vertebrate paleontological record. A small section of Pliocene cetacean rib collected from the Yorktown Formation within the PCS Phosphate Mine (formerly Lee Creek Mine), Aurora, North Carolina, U.S.A., shows evidence of this kind of trophic interaction. In this case study, we offer a diagnosis of bone traumatic pathology in which three bone‐forming lesions on the partial rib are interpreted as the reaction to a bite inflicted by a macro‐predator, the first such report from a marine environment. In addition to the three well‐defined lesions, a thin layer of woven bone covers much of the remaining cortical bone. The combination of the three bone‐forming lesions and the thin layer of woven bone suggest the presence of an inflammatory process almost certainly caused by infection secondary to the trauma. Survival following the traumatic event was probably less than 6 weeks. The Neogene chondrichthyan fauna from this locality preserves several large predators, including Carcharocles megalodon, Carcharodon carcharias, Isurus xiphidon and Parotodus benedeni, which were all capable, at least in terms of their size, of having bitten the cetacean. Although most of the odontocetes known from the Yorktown Formation were too small to have inflicted this wound, some of the physeterids may have been large enough to have caused the lesions on the partial rib. This evidence of predation in Pliocene whale bone raises the possibility of similar lesions being found in whale bone recovered from archaeological sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/oa.1199
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ISTEX:E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7Le document en format XML
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Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortner, D J" sort="Ortner, D J" uniqKey="Ortner D" first="D. J." last="Ortner">D. J. Ortner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20013, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7</idno><date when="2012" year="2012">2012</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/oa.1199</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001487</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001487</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Bone reactions on a pliocene cetacean rib indicate short‐term survival of predation event</title><author><name sortKey="Kallal, R J" sort="Kallal, R J" uniqKey="Kallal R" first="R. J." last="Kallal">R. J. Kallal</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Current Address: Department of Biology, 8000 York Road, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Godfrey, S J" sort="Godfrey, S J" uniqKey="Godfrey S" first="S. J." last="Godfrey">S. J. Godfrey</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortner, D J" sort="Ortner, D J" uniqKey="Ortner D" first="D. J." last="Ortner">D. J. Ortner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20013, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.</title><idno type="ISSN">1047-482X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1212</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-05">2012-05</date><biblScope unit="volume">22</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="253">253</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="260">260</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1047-482X</idno></series><idno type="istex">E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/oa.1199</idno><idno type="ArticleID">OA1199</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1047-482X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>lesions</term><term>neogene</term><term>periosteal reaction</term><term>trophic interaction</term><term>whale</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">There is little osteological evidence of non‐lethal predation events in the archaeological or vertebrate paleontological record. A small section of Pliocene cetacean rib collected from the Yorktown Formation within the PCS Phosphate Mine (formerly Lee Creek Mine), Aurora, North Carolina, U.S.A., shows evidence of this kind of trophic interaction. In this case study, we offer a diagnosis of bone traumatic pathology in which three bone‐forming lesions on the partial rib are interpreted as the reaction to a bite inflicted by a macro‐predator, the first such report from a marine environment. In addition to the three well‐defined lesions, a thin layer of woven bone covers much of the remaining cortical bone. The combination of the three bone‐forming lesions and the thin layer of woven bone suggest the presence of an inflammatory process almost certainly caused by infection secondary to the trauma. Survival following the traumatic event was probably less than 6 weeks. The Neogene chondrichthyan fauna from this locality preserves several large predators, including Carcharocles megalodon, Carcharodon carcharias, Isurus xiphidon and Parotodus benedeni, which were all capable, at least in terms of their size, of having bitten the cetacean. Although most of the odontocetes known from the Yorktown Formation were too small to have inflicted this wound, some of the physeterids may have been large enough to have caused the lesions on the partial rib. This evidence of predation in Pliocene whale bone raises the possibility of similar lesions being found in whale bone recovered from archaeological sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>R. J. Kallal</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</json:string><json:string>Current Address: Department of Biology, 8000 York Road, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. J. Godfrey</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</json:string><json:string>Department Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. J. Ortner</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20013, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>whale</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>neogene</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>lesions</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>periosteal reaction</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>trophic interaction</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>OA1199</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>There is little osteological evidence of non‐lethal predation events in the archaeological or vertebrate paleontological record. A small section of Pliocene cetacean rib collected from the Yorktown Formation within the PCS Phosphate Mine (formerly Lee Creek Mine), Aurora, North Carolina, U.S.A., shows evidence of this kind of trophic interaction. In this case study, we offer a diagnosis of bone traumatic pathology in which three bone‐forming lesions on the partial rib are interpreted as the reaction to a bite inflicted by a macro‐predator, the first such report from a marine environment. In addition to the three well‐defined lesions, a thin layer of woven bone covers much of the remaining cortical bone. The combination of the three bone‐forming lesions and the thin layer of woven bone suggest the presence of an inflammatory process almost certainly caused by infection secondary to the trauma. Survival following the traumatic event was probably less than 6 weeks. The Neogene chondrichthyan fauna from this locality preserves several large predators, including Carcharocles megalodon, Carcharodon carcharias, Isurus xiphidon and Parotodus benedeni, which were all capable, at least in terms of their size, of having bitten the cetacean. Although most of the odontocetes known from the Yorktown Formation were too small to have inflicted this wound, some of the physeterids may have been large enough to have caused the lesions on the partial rib. This evidence of predation in Pliocene whale bone raises the possibility of similar lesions being found in whale bone recovered from archaeological sites. 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(1958‐2007)</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>FC Whitmore Jr</name></json:item><json:item><name>J Kaltenbach</name></json:item></author><host><pages><last>269</last><first>181</first></pages><author></author><title>Geology and Paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, IV: Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 14</title></host><title>Neogene Cetacea of the Lee Creek Phosphate Mine, North Carolina</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>22</volume><publisherId><json:string>OA</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>8</total><last>260</last><first>253</first></pages><issn><json:string>1047-482X</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1099-1212</json:string></eissn><title>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1212</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>social science</json:string><json:string>anthropology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>arts & humanities</json:string><json:string>historical studies</json:string><json:string>archaeology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2012</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2012</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/oa.1199</json:string></doi><id>E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7</id><score>0.23261607</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Bone reactions on a pliocene cetacean rib indicate short‐term survival of predation event</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></availability><date>2012</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Bone reactions on a pliocene cetacean rib indicate short‐term survival of predation event</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">R. J.</forename><surname>Kallal</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Current Address: Department of Biology, 8000 York Road, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">S. J.</forename><surname>Godfrey</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">D. J.</forename><surname>Ortner</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20013, USA</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.</title><idno type="pISSN">1047-482X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1212</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1212</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-05"></date><biblScope unit="volume">22</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="253">253</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="260">260</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/oa.1199</idno><idno type="ArticleID">OA1199</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2012</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is little osteological evidence of non‐lethal predation events in the archaeological or vertebrate paleontological record. A small section of Pliocene cetacean rib collected from the Yorktown Formation within the PCS Phosphate Mine (formerly Lee Creek Mine), Aurora, North Carolina, U.S.A., shows evidence of this kind of trophic interaction. In this case study, we offer a diagnosis of bone traumatic pathology in which three bone‐forming lesions on the partial rib are interpreted as the reaction to a bite inflicted by a macro‐predator, the first such report from a marine environment. In addition to the three well‐defined lesions, a thin layer of woven bone covers much of the remaining cortical bone. The combination of the three bone‐forming lesions and the thin layer of woven bone suggest the presence of an inflammatory process almost certainly caused by infection secondary to the trauma. Survival following the traumatic event was probably less than 6 weeks. The Neogene chondrichthyan fauna from this locality preserves several large predators, including Carcharocles megalodon, Carcharodon carcharias, Isurus xiphidon and Parotodus benedeni, which were all capable, at least in terms of their size, of having bitten the cetacean. Although most of the odontocetes known from the Yorktown Formation were too small to have inflicted this wound, some of the physeterids may have been large enough to have caused the lesions on the partial rib. This evidence of predation in Pliocene whale bone raises the possibility of similar lesions being found in whale bone recovered from archaeological sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>whale</term></item><item><term>neogene</term></item><item><term>lesions</term></item><item><term>periosteal reaction</term></item><item><term>trophic interaction</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-01-15">Received</change><change when="2010-06-24">Registration</change><change when="2012-05">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E320DE224ABF67972419173DCC6D946ECA8C5CD7/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="oa1199"><header xml:id="oa1199-hdr-0001"><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Chichester, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1212</doi><issn type="print">1047-482X</issn><issn type="electronic">1099-1212</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="OA"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY">International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</title><title type="short">Int. 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Osteoarchaeol.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="30"><doi>10.1002/oa.v22.3</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="22">22</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-05">May/June 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="10" type="article" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1002/oa.1199</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="OA1199"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2010-01-15"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2010-06-11"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2010-06-24"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.25.1 mode:FullText" date="2012-05-24"></event><event type="xmlCorrected" agent="SPi Global" date="2012-05-24"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2010-08-27"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-08-27"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-06-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-24"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">253</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">260</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Department Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:OA.OA1199.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Bone reactions on a pliocene cetacean rib indicate short‐term survival of predation event</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Non‐Lethal Predation Event Preservation</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="oa1199-cr-0001" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#oa1199-aff-0001" currentRef="#oa1199-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>R. J.</givenNames><familyName>Kallal</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="oa1199-cr-0002" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#oa1199-aff-0001" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>S. J.</givenNames><familyName>Godfrey</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>Godfresj@co.cal.md.us</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="oa1199-cr-0003" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#oa1199-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>D. J.</givenNames><familyName>Ortner</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup xml:id="oa1199-affgp-0001"><affiliation xml:id="oa1199-aff-0001" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="oa1199-aff-0002" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20013, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="oa1199-aff-0003" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Biology, 8000 York Road, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="oa1199-kwd-0001">whale</keyword><keyword xml:id="oa1199-kwd-0002">neogene</keyword><keyword xml:id="oa1199-kwd-0003">lesions</keyword><keyword xml:id="oa1199-kwd-0004">periosteal reaction</keyword><keyword xml:id="oa1199-kwd-0005">trophic interaction</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract xml:id="oa1199-abs-0001" type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">ABSTRACT</title><p xml:id="oa1199-para-0001">There is little osteological evidence of non‐lethal predation events in the archaeological or vertebrate paleontological record. A small section of Pliocene cetacean rib collected from the Yorktown Formation within the PCS Phosphate Mine (formerly Lee Creek Mine), Aurora, North Carolina, U.S.A., shows evidence of this kind of trophic interaction. In this case study, we offer a diagnosis of bone traumatic pathology in which three bone‐forming lesions on the partial rib are interpreted as the reaction to a bite inflicted by a macro‐predator, the first such report from a marine environment. In addition to the three well‐defined lesions, a thin layer of woven bone covers much of the remaining cortical bone. The combination of the three bone‐forming lesions and the thin layer of woven bone suggest the presence of an inflammatory process almost certainly caused by infection secondary to the trauma. Survival following the traumatic event was probably less than 6 weeks. The Neogene chondrichthyan fauna from this locality preserves several large predators, including <i>Carcharocles megalodon</i>, <i>Carcharodon carcharias</i>, <i>Isurus xiphidon</i> and <i>Parotodus benedeni</i>, which were all capable, at least in terms of their size, of having bitten the cetacean. Although most of the odontocetes known from the Yorktown Formation were too small to have inflicted this wound, some of the physeterids may have been large enough to have caused the lesions on the partial rib. This evidence of predation in Pliocene whale bone raises the possibility of similar lesions being found in whale bone recovered from archaeological sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Bone reactions on a pliocene cetacean rib indicate short‐term survival of predation event</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Non‐Lethal Predation Event Preservation</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Bone reactions on a pliocene cetacean rib indicate short‐term survival of predation event</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kallal</namePart><affiliation>Department of Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Current Address: Department of Biology, 8000 York Road, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Godfrey</namePart><affiliation>Department of Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department Paleontology, Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ortner</namePart><affiliation>Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20013, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-05</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-01-15</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-06-24</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">There is little osteological evidence of non‐lethal predation events in the archaeological or vertebrate paleontological record. A small section of Pliocene cetacean rib collected from the Yorktown Formation within the PCS Phosphate Mine (formerly Lee Creek Mine), Aurora, North Carolina, U.S.A., shows evidence of this kind of trophic interaction. In this case study, we offer a diagnosis of bone traumatic pathology in which three bone‐forming lesions on the partial rib are interpreted as the reaction to a bite inflicted by a macro‐predator, the first such report from a marine environment. In addition to the three well‐defined lesions, a thin layer of woven bone covers much of the remaining cortical bone. The combination of the three bone‐forming lesions and the thin layer of woven bone suggest the presence of an inflammatory process almost certainly caused by infection secondary to the trauma. Survival following the traumatic event was probably less than 6 weeks. The Neogene chondrichthyan fauna from this locality preserves several large predators, including Carcharocles megalodon, Carcharodon carcharias, Isurus xiphidon and Parotodus benedeni, which were all capable, at least in terms of their size, of having bitten the cetacean. Although most of the odontocetes known from the Yorktown Formation were too small to have inflicted this wound, some of the physeterids may have been large enough to have caused the lesions on the partial rib. This evidence of predation in Pliocene whale bone raises the possibility of similar lesions being found in whale bone recovered from archaeological sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>whale</topic><topic>neogene</topic><topic>lesions</topic><topic>periosteal reaction</topic><topic>trophic interaction</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Int. J. 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