Lower plasma apolipoprotein A1 levels are found in Parkinson's disease and associate with apolipoprotein A1 genotype.
Identifieur interne : 000386 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000385; suivant : 000387Lower plasma apolipoprotein A1 levels are found in Parkinson's disease and associate with apolipoprotein A1 genotype.
Auteurs : Christine R. Swanson [États-Unis] ; Katherine Li [États-Unis] ; Travis L. Unger [États-Unis] ; Michael D. Gallagher [États-Unis] ; Vivianna M. Van Deerlin [États-Unis] ; Pinky Agarwal [États-Unis] ; James Leverenz [États-Unis] ; John Roberts [États-Unis] ; Ali Samii [États-Unis] ; Rachel Goldmann Gross [États-Unis] ; Howard Hurtig [États-Unis] ; Jacqueline Rick [États-Unis] ; Daniel Weintraub [États-Unis] ; John Q. Trojanowski [États-Unis] ; Cyrus Zabetian [États-Unis] ; Alice S. Chen-Plotkin [États-Unis]Source :
- Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society [ 1531-8257 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The discovery of novel plasma-based biomarkers could lead to new approaches in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we explore the role of plasma apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) as a risk marker for PD and evaluate the influence of APOA1 promoter variation on plasma ApoA1 levels. Plasma ApoA1 and the single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs670, were assayed in a discovery cohort (cohort 1) of 301 PD patients, 80 normal controls (NCs), and 165 subjects with other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as a cohort (cohort 2) of 158 PD patients from a second clinical site. Additionally, rs670 was genotyped in a third cohort of 1,494 PD and 925 NC subjects from both clinical sites. Compared to both normal and disease controls, PD patients have lower plasma ApoA1 (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Moreover, in PD patients, plasma ApoA1 levels are correlated with genotype at the APOA1 promoter polymorphism, rs670. Specifically, lower plasma ApoA1 levels were found in rs670 major allele (G) homozygotes in both cohort 1 (P = 0.009) and in a replication cohort (cohort 2; n = 158 PD patients; P = 0.024). Finally, evaluating rs670 genotype frequencies in 1,930 PD cases versus 997 NCs, the rs670 GG genotype shows a trend toward association (odds ratio: 1.1; P = 0.10) with PD. Our results are compatible with a model whereby circulating ApoA1 levels may be useful in risk-stratifying subjects for the development of PD, with higher ApoA1 levels suggesting relative protection. Future studies evaluating modulation of ApoA1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in PD are warranted. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
DOI: 10.1002/mds.26022
PubMed: 25227208
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Swanson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Katherine" sort="Li, Katherine" uniqKey="Li K" first="Katherine" last="Li">Katherine Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Unger, Travis L" sort="Unger, Travis L" uniqKey="Unger T" first="Travis L" last="Unger">Travis L. 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Swanson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Katherine" sort="Li, Katherine" uniqKey="Li K" first="Katherine" last="Li">Katherine Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Unger, Travis L" sort="Unger, Travis L" uniqKey="Unger T" first="Travis L" last="Unger">Travis L. Unger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallagher, Michael D" sort="Gallagher, Michael D" uniqKey="Gallagher M" first="Michael D" last="Gallagher">Michael D. Gallagher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Deerlin, Vivianna M" sort="Van Deerlin, Vivianna M" uniqKey="Van Deerlin V" first="Vivianna M" last="Van Deerlin">Vivianna M. Van Deerlin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agarwal, Pinky" sort="Agarwal, Pinky" uniqKey="Agarwal P" first="Pinky" last="Agarwal">Pinky Agarwal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center, Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center, Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, Washington</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leverenz, James" sort="Leverenz, James" uniqKey="Leverenz J" first="James" last="Leverenz">James Leverenz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cleveland Clinic Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cleveland Clinic Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, Ohio</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, John" sort="Roberts, John" uniqKey="Roberts J" first="John" last="Roberts">John Roberts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samii, Ali" sort="Samii, Ali" uniqKey="Samii A" first="Ali" last="Samii">Ali Samii</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Rachel Goldmann" sort="Gross, Rachel Goldmann" uniqKey="Gross R" first="Rachel Goldmann" last="Gross">Rachel Goldmann Gross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hurtig, Howard" sort="Hurtig, Howard" uniqKey="Hurtig H" first="Howard" last="Hurtig">Howard Hurtig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rick, Jacqueline" sort="Rick, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Rick J" first="Jacqueline" last="Rick">Jacqueline Rick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weintraub, Daniel" sort="Weintraub, Daniel" uniqKey="Weintraub D" first="Daniel" last="Weintraub">Daniel Weintraub</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trojanowski, John Q" sort="Trojanowski, John Q" uniqKey="Trojanowski J" first="John Q" last="Trojanowski">John Q. Trojanowski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zabetian, Cyrus" sort="Zabetian, Cyrus" uniqKey="Zabetian C" first="Cyrus" last="Zabetian">Cyrus Zabetian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen Plotkin, Alice S" sort="Chen Plotkin, Alice S" uniqKey="Chen Plotkin A" first="Alice S" last="Chen-Plotkin">Alice S. Chen-Plotkin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The discovery of novel plasma-based biomarkers could lead to new approaches in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we explore the role of plasma apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) as a risk marker for PD and evaluate the influence of APOA1 promoter variation on plasma ApoA1 levels. Plasma ApoA1 and the single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs670, were assayed in a discovery cohort (cohort 1) of 301 PD patients, 80 normal controls (NCs), and 165 subjects with other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as a cohort (cohort 2) of 158 PD patients from a second clinical site. Additionally, rs670 was genotyped in a third cohort of 1,494 PD and 925 NC subjects from both clinical sites. Compared to both normal and disease controls, PD patients have lower plasma ApoA1 (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Moreover, in PD patients, plasma ApoA1 levels are correlated with genotype at the APOA1 promoter polymorphism, rs670. Specifically, lower plasma ApoA1 levels were found in rs670 major allele (G) homozygotes in both cohort 1 (P = 0.009) and in a replication cohort (cohort 2; n = 158 PD patients; P = 0.024). Finally, evaluating rs670 genotype frequencies in 1,930 PD cases versus 997 NCs, the rs670 GG genotype shows a trend toward association (odds ratio: 1.1; P = 0.10) with PD. Our results are compatible with a model whereby circulating ApoA1 levels may be useful in risk-stratifying subjects for the development of PD, with higher ApoA1 levels suggesting relative protection. Future studies evaluating modulation of ApoA1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in PD are warranted. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Owner="NLM" Status="In-Process"><PMID Version="1">25227208</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>20</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1531-8257</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>30</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>May</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Mov. Disord.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Lower plasma apolipoprotein A1 levels are found in Parkinson's disease and associate with apolipoprotein A1 genotype.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>805-12</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/mds.26022</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The discovery of novel plasma-based biomarkers could lead to new approaches in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we explore the role of plasma apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) as a risk marker for PD and evaluate the influence of APOA1 promoter variation on plasma ApoA1 levels. Plasma ApoA1 and the single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs670, were assayed in a discovery cohort (cohort 1) of 301 PD patients, 80 normal controls (NCs), and 165 subjects with other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as a cohort (cohort 2) of 158 PD patients from a second clinical site. Additionally, rs670 was genotyped in a third cohort of 1,494 PD and 925 NC subjects from both clinical sites. Compared to both normal and disease controls, PD patients have lower plasma ApoA1 (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Moreover, in PD patients, plasma ApoA1 levels are correlated with genotype at the APOA1 promoter polymorphism, rs670. Specifically, lower plasma ApoA1 levels were found in rs670 major allele (G) homozygotes in both cohort 1 (P = 0.009) and in a replication cohort (cohort 2; n = 158 PD patients; P = 0.024). Finally, evaluating rs670 genotype frequencies in 1,930 PD cases versus 997 NCs, the rs670 GG genotype shows a trend toward association (odds ratio: 1.1; P = 0.10) with PD. Our results are compatible with a model whereby circulating ApoA1 levels may be useful in risk-stratifying subjects for the development of PD, with higher ApoA1 levels suggesting relative protection. Future studies evaluating modulation of ApoA1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in PD are warranted. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Swanson</LastName><ForeName>Christine R</ForeName><Initials>CR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Katherine</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Unger</LastName><ForeName>Travis L</ForeName><Initials>TL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gallagher</LastName><ForeName>Michael D</ForeName><Initials>MD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van Deerlin</LastName><ForeName>Vivianna M</ForeName><Initials>VM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agarwal</LastName><ForeName>Pinky</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center, Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, Washington, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leverenz</LastName><ForeName>James</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cleveland Clinic Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roberts</LastName><ForeName>John</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Samii</LastName><ForeName>Ali</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gross</LastName><ForeName>Rachel Goldmann</ForeName><Initials>RG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hurtig</LastName><ForeName>Howard</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rick</LastName><ForeName>Jacqueline</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weintraub</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Trojanowski</LastName><ForeName>John Q</ForeName><Initials>JQ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zabetian</LastName><ForeName>Cyrus</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen-Plotkin</LastName><ForeName>Alice 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MajorTopicYN="N">ApoA1</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Apolipoprotein A1</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Parkinson's disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">biomarker</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">genotype</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2014</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2014</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="aheadofprint"><Year>2014</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2016</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2014</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25227208</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/mds.26022</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4362847</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">NIHMS623384</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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