Hyperhomocysteinemia in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease dementia.
Identifieur interne : 001D70 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 001D69; suivant : 001D71Hyperhomocysteinemia in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease dementia.
Auteurs : Stefano Zoccolella ; Claudia Dell'Aquila ; Giovanni Abruzzese ; Angelo Antonini ; Ubaldo Bonuccelli ; Margherita Canesi ; Silvano Cristina ; Roberta Marchese ; Claudio Pacchetti ; Roberto Zagaglia ; Giancarlo Logroscino ; Giovanni Defazio ; Paolo Lamberti ; Paolo LivreaSource :
- Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society [ 1531-8257 ] ; 2009.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aged, Analysis of Variance, Antiparkinson Agents (adverse effects), Case-Control Studies, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid (methods), Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia (blood), Dementia (complications), Dementia (drug therapy), Female, Homocysteine (blood), Humans, Hyperhomocysteinemia (chemically induced), Levodopa (adverse effects), Levodopa (therapeutic use), Logistic Models, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Parkinson Disease (blood), Parkinson Disease (complications), Parkinson Disease (drug therapy).
- MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Antiparkinson Agents, Levodopa.
- blood : Dementia, Homocysteine, Parkinson Disease.
- chemically induced : Hyperhomocysteinemia.
- complications : Dementia, Parkinson Disease.
- drug therapy : Dementia, Parkinson Disease.
- methods : Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Levodopa.
- Aged, Analysis of Variance, Case-Control Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests.
Abstract
Dementia is a frequent non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been associated with both cognitive impairment and dementia. Increased Hcy levels have been observed in levodopa-treated patients with PD. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between plasma Hcy levels and dementia in PD. We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study on patients with PD with (PDD) and without (PDnD) dementia and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We compared Hcy levels in patients with PDD and PDnD and healthy controls, and we performed logistic regression analysis to search for an association between the presence of dementia and increased Hcy levels in PD. Patients with PD (121), PDD (42), and PDnD (79), and age- and sex-matched controls (154) were enrolled. Hcy levels were higher in patients with PD compared to controls (17.5 micromol/L +/- 10.2 vs. 11 +/- 4.1; P < 0.00001). Among patients with PD, Hcy levels were higher in the PDD group compared to the PDnD group (20.7 micromol/L +/- 12.1 vs. 15.8 +/- 8.5; P = 0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression model, higher Hcy levels [Odds ratios comparing the top (>18.9 micromol/L) with the bottom tertile (<12.4 micromol/L): 3.68; 95% CI: 1.14-11.83] were significantly associated with dementia. These data support the association between elevated Hcy levels and the presence of dementia in PD.
DOI: 10.1002/mds.22511
PubMed: 19353704
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:19353704Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Hyperhomocysteinemia in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease dementia.</title><author><name sortKey="Zoccolella, Stefano" sort="Zoccolella, Stefano" uniqKey="Zoccolella S" first="Stefano" last="Zoccolella">Stefano Zoccolella</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Medical and Neurological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, University of Foggia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dell Aquila, Claudia" sort="Dell Aquila, Claudia" uniqKey="Dell Aquila C" first="Claudia" last="Dell'Aquila">Claudia Dell'Aquila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abruzzese, Giovanni" sort="Abruzzese, Giovanni" uniqKey="Abruzzese G" first="Giovanni" last="Abruzzese">Giovanni Abruzzese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antonini, Angelo" sort="Antonini, Angelo" uniqKey="Antonini A" first="Angelo" last="Antonini">Angelo Antonini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonuccelli, Ubaldo" sort="Bonuccelli, Ubaldo" uniqKey="Bonuccelli U" first="Ubaldo" last="Bonuccelli">Ubaldo Bonuccelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Canesi, Margherita" sort="Canesi, Margherita" uniqKey="Canesi M" first="Margherita" last="Canesi">Margherita Canesi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cristina, Silvano" sort="Cristina, Silvano" uniqKey="Cristina S" first="Silvano" last="Cristina">Silvano Cristina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marchese, Roberta" sort="Marchese, Roberta" uniqKey="Marchese R" first="Roberta" last="Marchese">Roberta Marchese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pacchetti, Claudio" sort="Pacchetti, Claudio" uniqKey="Pacchetti C" first="Claudio" last="Pacchetti">Claudio Pacchetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zagaglia, Roberto" sort="Zagaglia, Roberto" uniqKey="Zagaglia R" first="Roberto" last="Zagaglia">Roberto Zagaglia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Logroscino, Giancarlo" sort="Logroscino, Giancarlo" uniqKey="Logroscino G" first="Giancarlo" last="Logroscino">Giancarlo Logroscino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Defazio, Giovanni" sort="Defazio, Giovanni" uniqKey="Defazio G" first="Giovanni" last="Defazio">Giovanni Defazio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamberti, Paolo" sort="Lamberti, Paolo" uniqKey="Lamberti P" first="Paolo" last="Lamberti">Paolo Lamberti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Livrea, Paolo" sort="Livrea, Paolo" uniqKey="Livrea P" first="Paolo" last="Livrea">Paolo Livrea</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.22511</idno><idno type="RBID">pubmed:19353704</idno><idno type="pmid">19353704</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001D70</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Hyperhomocysteinemia in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease dementia.</title><author><name sortKey="Zoccolella, Stefano" sort="Zoccolella, Stefano" uniqKey="Zoccolella S" first="Stefano" last="Zoccolella">Stefano Zoccolella</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Medical and Neurological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, University of Foggia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dell Aquila, Claudia" sort="Dell Aquila, Claudia" uniqKey="Dell Aquila C" first="Claudia" last="Dell'Aquila">Claudia Dell'Aquila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abruzzese, Giovanni" sort="Abruzzese, Giovanni" uniqKey="Abruzzese G" first="Giovanni" last="Abruzzese">Giovanni Abruzzese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antonini, Angelo" sort="Antonini, Angelo" uniqKey="Antonini A" first="Angelo" last="Antonini">Angelo Antonini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonuccelli, Ubaldo" sort="Bonuccelli, Ubaldo" uniqKey="Bonuccelli U" first="Ubaldo" last="Bonuccelli">Ubaldo Bonuccelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Canesi, Margherita" sort="Canesi, Margherita" uniqKey="Canesi M" first="Margherita" last="Canesi">Margherita Canesi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cristina, Silvano" sort="Cristina, Silvano" uniqKey="Cristina S" first="Silvano" last="Cristina">Silvano Cristina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marchese, Roberta" sort="Marchese, Roberta" uniqKey="Marchese R" first="Roberta" last="Marchese">Roberta Marchese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pacchetti, Claudio" sort="Pacchetti, Claudio" uniqKey="Pacchetti C" first="Claudio" last="Pacchetti">Claudio Pacchetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zagaglia, Roberto" sort="Zagaglia, Roberto" uniqKey="Zagaglia R" first="Roberto" last="Zagaglia">Roberto Zagaglia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Logroscino, Giancarlo" sort="Logroscino, Giancarlo" uniqKey="Logroscino G" first="Giancarlo" last="Logroscino">Giancarlo Logroscino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Defazio, Giovanni" sort="Defazio, Giovanni" uniqKey="Defazio G" first="Giovanni" last="Defazio">Giovanni Defazio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamberti, Paolo" sort="Lamberti, Paolo" uniqKey="Lamberti P" first="Paolo" last="Lamberti">Paolo Lamberti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Livrea, Paolo" sort="Livrea, Paolo" uniqKey="Livrea P" first="Paolo" last="Livrea">Paolo Livrea</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><date when="2009" type="published">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Analysis of Variance</term><term>Antiparkinson Agents (adverse effects)</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid (methods)</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Dementia (blood)</term><term>Dementia (complications)</term><term>Dementia (drug therapy)</term><term>Female</term><term>Homocysteine (blood)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hyperhomocysteinemia (chemically induced)</term><term>Levodopa (adverse effects)</term><term>Levodopa (therapeutic use)</term><term>Logistic Models</term><term>Male</term><term>Mental Status Schedule</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Neuropsychological Tests</term><term>Parkinson Disease (blood)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (complications)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (drug therapy)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiparkinson Agents</term><term>Levodopa</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Dementia</term><term>Homocysteine</term><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemically induced" xml:lang="en"><term>Hyperhomocysteinemia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Dementia</term><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Dementia</term><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Levodopa</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Analysis of Variance</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Logistic Models</term><term>Male</term><term>Mental Status Schedule</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Neuropsychological Tests</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Dementia is a frequent non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been associated with both cognitive impairment and dementia. Increased Hcy levels have been observed in levodopa-treated patients with PD. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between plasma Hcy levels and dementia in PD. We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study on patients with PD with (PDD) and without (PDnD) dementia and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We compared Hcy levels in patients with PDD and PDnD and healthy controls, and we performed logistic regression analysis to search for an association between the presence of dementia and increased Hcy levels in PD. Patients with PD (121), PDD (42), and PDnD (79), and age- and sex-matched controls (154) were enrolled. Hcy levels were higher in patients with PD compared to controls (17.5 micromol/L +/- 10.2 vs. 11 +/- 4.1; P < 0.00001). Among patients with PD, Hcy levels were higher in the PDD group compared to the PDnD group (20.7 micromol/L +/- 12.1 vs. 15.8 +/- 8.5; P = 0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression model, higher Hcy levels [Odds ratios comparing the top (>18.9 micromol/L) with the bottom tertile (<12.4 micromol/L): 3.68; 95% CI: 1.14-11.83] were significantly associated with dementia. These data support the association between elevated Hcy levels and the presence of dementia in PD.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Owner="NLM" Status="MEDLINE"><PMID Version="1">19353704</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2009</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>03</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2009</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2013</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>21</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1531-8257</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>24</Volume><Issue>7</Issue><PubDate><Year>2009</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Mov. Disord.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Hyperhomocysteinemia in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease dementia.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1028-33</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/mds.22511</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Dementia is a frequent non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been associated with both cognitive impairment and dementia. Increased Hcy levels have been observed in levodopa-treated patients with PD. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between plasma Hcy levels and dementia in PD. We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study on patients with PD with (PDD) and without (PDnD) dementia and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We compared Hcy levels in patients with PDD and PDnD and healthy controls, and we performed logistic regression analysis to search for an association between the presence of dementia and increased Hcy levels in PD. Patients with PD (121), PDD (42), and PDnD (79), and age- and sex-matched controls (154) were enrolled. Hcy levels were higher in patients with PD compared to controls (17.5 micromol/L +/- 10.2 vs. 11 +/- 4.1; P < 0.00001). Among patients with PD, Hcy levels were higher in the PDD group compared to the PDnD group (20.7 micromol/L +/- 12.1 vs. 15.8 +/- 8.5; P = 0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression model, higher Hcy levels [Odds ratios comparing the top (>18.9 micromol/L) with the bottom tertile (<12.4 micromol/L): 3.68; 95% CI: 1.14-11.83] were significantly associated with dementia. These data support the association between elevated Hcy levels and the presence of dementia in PD.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>(c) 2009 Movement Disorder Society.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zoccolella</LastName><ForeName>Stefano</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, Medical and Neurological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, University of Foggia, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>dell'Aquila</LastName><ForeName>Claudia</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abruzzese</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Antonini</LastName><ForeName>Angelo</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bonuccelli</LastName><ForeName>Ubaldo</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Canesi</LastName><ForeName>Margherita</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cristina</LastName><ForeName>Silvano</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marchese</LastName><ForeName>Roberta</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pacchetti</LastName><ForeName>Claudio</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zagaglia</LastName><ForeName>Roberto</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Logroscino</LastName><ForeName>Giancarlo</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Defazio</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lamberti</LastName><ForeName>Paolo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Livrea</LastName><ForeName>Paolo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016430">Clinical Trial</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Mov Disord</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8610688</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0885-3185</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000978">Antiparkinson Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0LVT1QZ0BA</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006710">Homocysteine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>46627O600J</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007980">Levodopa</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D000368">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D000704">Analysis of Variance</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D000978">Antiparkinson Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="Q000009">adverse effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D016022">Case-Control Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D002851">Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</DescriptorName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="Q000379">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D003430">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="D003704">Dementia</DescriptorName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="Q000097">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="Q000150">complications</QualifierName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="Q000188">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D005260">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D006710">Homocysteine</DescriptorName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="Q000097">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D006801">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D020138">Hyperhomocysteinemia</DescriptorName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="Q000139">chemically induced</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D007980">Levodopa</DescriptorName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="Q000009">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="Q000627">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D016015">Logistic Models</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D008297">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D008609">Mental Status Schedule</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D008875">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D009483">Neuropsychological Tests</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="D010300">Parkinson Disease</DescriptorName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="Q000097">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="Q000150">complications</QualifierName><QualifierName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="Q000188">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2009</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2009</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2009</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/mds.22511</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19353704</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/MovDisordV3/Data/PubMed/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001D70 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001D70 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Santé
|area= MovDisordV3
|flux= PubMed
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:19353704
|texte= Hyperhomocysteinemia in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease dementia.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:19353704" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MovDisordV3
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23. |  |