Challenges assessing clinical endpoints in early Huntington disease.
Identifieur interne : 001765 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 001764; suivant : 001766Challenges assessing clinical endpoints in early Huntington disease.
Auteurs : Jane S. Paulsen ; Chiachi Wang ; Kevin Duff ; Roger Barker ; Martha Nance ; Leigh Beglinger ; David Moser ; Janet K. Williams ; Sheila Simpson ; Douglas Langbehn ; Daniel P. Van KammenSource :
- Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society [ 1531-8257 ] ; 2010.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- diagnosis : Huntington Disease.
- genetics : Huntington Disease.
- methods : Endpoint Determination.
- therapy : Huntington Disease.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Genetic Testing, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged.
Abstract
The basic aim of this study was to evaluate the current accepted standard clinical endpoint for the earliest-studied HD participants likely to be recruited into clinical trials. As the advent of genetic testing for HD, it is possible to identify gene carriers before the diagnosis of disease, which opens up the possibility of clinical trials of disease-modifying treatments in clinically asymptomatic persons. Current accepted standard clinical endpoints were examined as part of a multinational, 32-site, longitudinal, observational study of 786 research participants currently in the HD prodrome (gene-positive but not clinically diagnosed). Clinical signs and symptoms were used to prospectively predict functional loss as assessed by current accepted standard endpoints over 8 years of follow-up. Functional capacity measures were not sensitive for HD in the prodrome; over 88% scored at ceiling. Prospective evaluation revealed that the first functional loss was in their accustomed work. In a survival analysis, motor, cognitive, and psychiatric measures were all predictors of job change. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study ever conducted on the emergence of functional loss secondary to brain disease. We conclude that future clinical trials designed for very early disease will require the development of new and more sensitive measures of real-life function.
DOI: 10.1002/mds.23337
PubMed: 20623772
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:20623772Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Challenges assessing clinical endpoints in early Huntington disease.</title><author><name sortKey="Paulsen, Jane S" sort="Paulsen, Jane S" uniqKey="Paulsen J" first="Jane S" last="Paulsen">Jane S. Paulsen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1000, USA. jane-paulsen@uiowa.edu</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Chiachi" sort="Wang, Chiachi" uniqKey="Wang C" first="Chiachi" last="Wang">Chiachi Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duff, Kevin" sort="Duff, Kevin" uniqKey="Duff K" first="Kevin" last="Duff">Kevin Duff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barker, Roger" sort="Barker, Roger" uniqKey="Barker R" first="Roger" last="Barker">Roger Barker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nance, Martha" sort="Nance, Martha" uniqKey="Nance M" first="Martha" last="Nance">Martha Nance</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beglinger, Leigh" sort="Beglinger, Leigh" uniqKey="Beglinger L" first="Leigh" last="Beglinger">Leigh Beglinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moser, David" sort="Moser, David" uniqKey="Moser D" first="David" last="Moser">David Moser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Janet K" sort="Williams, Janet K" uniqKey="Williams J" first="Janet K" last="Williams">Janet K. Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simpson, Sheila" sort="Simpson, Sheila" uniqKey="Simpson S" first="Sheila" last="Simpson">Sheila Simpson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langbehn, Douglas" sort="Langbehn, Douglas" uniqKey="Langbehn D" first="Douglas" last="Langbehn">Douglas Langbehn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Kammen, Daniel P" sort="Van Kammen, Daniel P" uniqKey="Van Kammen D" first="Daniel P" last="Van Kammen">Daniel P. Van Kammen</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.23337</idno><idno type="RBID">pubmed:20623772</idno><idno type="pmid">20623772</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001765</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Challenges assessing clinical endpoints in early Huntington disease.</title><author><name sortKey="Paulsen, Jane S" sort="Paulsen, Jane S" uniqKey="Paulsen J" first="Jane S" last="Paulsen">Jane S. Paulsen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1000, USA. jane-paulsen@uiowa.edu</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Chiachi" sort="Wang, Chiachi" uniqKey="Wang C" first="Chiachi" last="Wang">Chiachi Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duff, Kevin" sort="Duff, Kevin" uniqKey="Duff K" first="Kevin" last="Duff">Kevin Duff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barker, Roger" sort="Barker, Roger" uniqKey="Barker R" first="Roger" last="Barker">Roger Barker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nance, Martha" sort="Nance, Martha" uniqKey="Nance M" first="Martha" last="Nance">Martha Nance</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beglinger, Leigh" sort="Beglinger, Leigh" uniqKey="Beglinger L" first="Leigh" last="Beglinger">Leigh Beglinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moser, David" sort="Moser, David" uniqKey="Moser D" first="David" last="Moser">David Moser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Janet K" sort="Williams, Janet K" uniqKey="Williams J" first="Janet K" last="Williams">Janet K. Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simpson, Sheila" sort="Simpson, Sheila" uniqKey="Simpson S" first="Sheila" last="Simpson">Sheila Simpson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langbehn, Douglas" sort="Langbehn, Douglas" uniqKey="Langbehn D" first="Douglas" last="Langbehn">Douglas Langbehn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Kammen, Daniel P" sort="Van Kammen, Daniel P" uniqKey="Van Kammen D" first="Daniel P" last="Van Kammen">Daniel P. Van Kammen</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><date when="2010" type="published">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Clinical Trials as Topic</term><term>Endpoint Determination (methods)</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Testing</term><term>Humans</term><term>Huntington Disease (diagnosis)</term><term>Huntington Disease (genetics)</term><term>Huntington Disease (therapy)</term><term>Longitudinal Studies</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Huntington Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Huntington Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Endpoint Determination</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Huntington Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Clinical Trials as Topic</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Testing</term><term>Humans</term><term>Longitudinal Studies</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The basic aim of this study was to evaluate the current accepted standard clinical endpoint for the earliest-studied HD participants likely to be recruited into clinical trials. As the advent of genetic testing for HD, it is possible to identify gene carriers before the diagnosis of disease, which opens up the possibility of clinical trials of disease-modifying treatments in clinically asymptomatic persons. Current accepted standard clinical endpoints were examined as part of a multinational, 32-site, longitudinal, observational study of 786 research participants currently in the HD prodrome (gene-positive but not clinically diagnosed). Clinical signs and symptoms were used to prospectively predict functional loss as assessed by current accepted standard endpoints over 8 years of follow-up. Functional capacity measures were not sensitive for HD in the prodrome; over 88% scored at ceiling. Prospective evaluation revealed that the first functional loss was in their accustomed work. In a survival analysis, motor, cognitive, and psychiatric measures were all predictors of job change. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study ever conducted on the emergence of functional loss secondary to brain disease. We conclude that future clinical trials designed for very early disease will require the development of new and more sensitive measures of real-life function.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Owner="NLM" Status="MEDLINE"><PMID Version="1">20623772</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2010</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>11</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2011</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1531-8257</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>25</Volume><Issue>15</Issue><PubDate><Year>2010</Year><Month>Nov</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Mov. Disord.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Challenges assessing clinical endpoints in early Huntington disease.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>2595-603</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/mds.23337</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The basic aim of this study was to evaluate the current accepted standard clinical endpoint for the earliest-studied HD participants likely to be recruited into clinical trials. As the advent of genetic testing for HD, it is possible to identify gene carriers before the diagnosis of disease, which opens up the possibility of clinical trials of disease-modifying treatments in clinically asymptomatic persons. Current accepted standard clinical endpoints were examined as part of a multinational, 32-site, longitudinal, observational study of 786 research participants currently in the HD prodrome (gene-positive but not clinically diagnosed). Clinical signs and symptoms were used to prospectively predict functional loss as assessed by current accepted standard endpoints over 8 years of follow-up. Functional capacity measures were not sensitive for HD in the prodrome; over 88% scored at ceiling. Prospective evaluation revealed that the first functional loss was in their accustomed work. In a survival analysis, motor, cognitive, and psychiatric measures were all predictors of job change. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study ever conducted on the emergence of functional loss secondary to brain disease. We conclude that future clinical trials designed for very early disease will require the development of new and more sensitive measures of real-life function.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2010 Movement Disorder Society.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paulsen</LastName><ForeName>Jane S</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1000, USA. jane-paulsen@uiowa.edu</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Chiachi</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duff</LastName><ForeName>Kevin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barker</LastName><ForeName>Roger</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nance</LastName><ForeName>Martha</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Beglinger</LastName><ForeName>Leigh</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moser</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Williams</LastName><ForeName>Janet K</ForeName><Initials>JK</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Simpson</LastName><ForeName>Sheila</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Langbehn</LastName><ForeName>Douglas</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Kammen</LastName><ForeName>Daniel P</ForeName><Initials>DP</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>PREDICT-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>1 R01 AG03417 A2</GrantID><Acronym>AG</Acronym><Agency>NIA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>1R01 NS40068</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>1R01NS055827-01A2</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>G0800784</GrantID><Agency>Medical Research Council</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>NS40068</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 NG HG003330-01A</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 NS040068</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 NS040068-10</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 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Disord</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8610688</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0885-3185</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005 Fall;17(4):496-502</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16387989</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>NeuroRx. 2004 Apr;1(2):273-83</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15717028</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jul 30;178(2):414-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20471695</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2010 Mar 5;153B(2):397-408</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19548255</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Lancet Neurol. 2009 Sep;8(9):791-801</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19646924</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections 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A</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Greenamyre</LastName><ForeName>J Timothy</ForeName><Initials>JT</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Testa</LastName><ForeName>Claudia</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barker</LastName><ForeName>Roger A</ForeName><Initials>RA</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McCusker</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Griffith</LastName><ForeName>Jane</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bibb</LastName><ForeName>Bernadette</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hayes</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Richardson</LastName><ForeName>Kylie</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Graham</LastName><ForeName>Shanthi</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Landwehrmeyer</LastName><ForeName>Bernhard G</ForeName><Initials>BG</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barth</LastName><ForeName>Katrin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Niess</LastName><ForeName>Anke</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Trautmann</LastName><ForeName>Sonja</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ecker</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Held</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weydt</LastName><ForeName>Patrick</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Orth</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quaid</LastName><ForeName>Kimberly</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wesson</LastName><ForeName>Melissa</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wojcieszek</LastName><ForeName>Joanne</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guttman</LastName><ForeName>Mark</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elliott</LastName><ForeName>Sheryl</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fonariov</LastName><ForeName>Zelda</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giambattista</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Russell</LastName><ForeName>Sandra</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sebastian</LastName><ForeName>Jose</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sethna</LastName><ForeName>Rustom</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ip</LastName><ForeName>Rosa</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shaddick</LastName><ForeName>Deanna</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sheinberg</LastName><ForeName>Alanna</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stober</LastName><ForeName>Janice</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Perlman</LastName><ForeName>Susan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carroll</LastName><ForeName>Russell</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Johnson</LastName><ForeName>Arik</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jackson</LastName><ForeName>George</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Geschwind</LastName><ForeName>Michael D</ForeName><Initials>MD</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gooblar</LastName><ForeName>Jon</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guzijan</LastName><ForeName>Mira</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rose</LastName><ForeName>Katherine</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wyss-Coray</LastName><ForeName>Christina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kramer</LastName><ForeName>Joel</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sha</LastName><ForeName>Sharon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wetzel</LastName><ForeName>Margaret</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Warner</LastName><ForeName>Tom</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kloppel</LastName><ForeName>Stefan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burrows</LastName><ForeName>Maggie</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andrews</LastName><ForeName>Thomasin</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Golding</LastName><ForeName>Charlotte</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosser</LastName><ForeName>Anne</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Naji</LastName><ForeName>Jenny</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Price</LastName><ForeName>Kathy</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Handley</LastName><ForeName>Olivia Jane</ForeName><Initials>OJ</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Como</LastName><ForeName>Peter</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chesire</LastName><ForeName>Amy</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hickey</LastName><ForeName>Charlyne</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zimmerman</LastName><ForeName>Carol</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Couniham</LastName><ForeName>Timothy</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marshall</LastName><ForeName>Frederick</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burton</LastName><ForeName>Christina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wodarski</LastName><ForeName>Mary</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Suchowersky</LastName><ForeName>Oksana</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Furtado</LastName><ForeName>Sarah</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Klimek</LastName><ForeName>Mary Lou</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kirstein</LastName><ForeName>Dolen</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosas</LastName><ForeName>Diana</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bennett</LastName><ForeName>Melissa</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frishman</LastName><ForeName>Jay</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaneko</LastName><ForeName>Yoshio</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Landau</LastName><ForeName>Talia</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lausier</LastName><ForeName>Martha</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Muir</LastName><ForeName>Lindsay</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Murphy</LastName><ForeName>Lauren</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Young</LastName><ForeName>Anne</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Skeuse</LastName><ForeName>Colleen</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Balkema</LastName><ForeName>Natlie</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoogenboom</LastName><ForeName>Wouter</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leveroni</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Panegyres</LastName><ForeName>Peter</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Connor</LastName><ForeName>Carmela</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vuletich</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Woodman</LastName><ForeName>Mark</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zombor</LastName><ForeName>Rachel</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Perlmutter</LastName><ForeName>Joel</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barton</LastName><ForeName>Stacey</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kavanaugh</LastName><ForeName>Melinda</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Simpson</LastName><ForeName>Sheila A</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Keenan</LastName><ForeName>Gwen</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Summers</LastName><ForeName>Fiona</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Craufurd</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fullam</LastName><ForeName>Ruth</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Macleod</LastName><ForeName>Rhona</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sollom</LastName><ForeName>Andrea</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Howard</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mazzoni</LastName><ForeName>Pietro</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marder</LastName><ForeName>Karen</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Williamson</LastName><ForeName>Jennifer</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moskowitz</LastName><ForeName>Carol</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wasserman</LastName><ForeName>Paula</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Seeberger</LastName><ForeName>Lauren</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diamond</LastName><ForeName>Alan</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Erickson</LastName><ForeName>Diane</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Judd</LastName><ForeName>Deborah</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kasunic</LastName><ForeName>Terri Lee</ForeName><Initials>TL</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mellick</LastName><ForeName>Lisa</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miracle</LastName><ForeName>Dawn</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Greenwald</LastName><ForeName>Carol</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Malleck</LastName><ForeName>Kristi</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Montellano</LastName><ForeName>Sherrie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Rajeev</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schneiders</LastName><ForeName>Jay</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wheelock</LastName><ForeName>Vicki</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tempkin</LastName><ForeName>Terry</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marsano</LastName><ForeName>Joseph</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baynes</LastName><ForeName>Kathleen</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jankovic</LastName><ForeName>Joseph</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hunter</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ondo</LastName><ForeName>William</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martin</LastName><ForeName>Carrie</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Yebenes</LastName><ForeName>Justo Garcia</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bascunana Garde</LastName><ForeName>Monica</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fatas</LastName><ForeName>Marta</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwartz</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sendon</LastName><ForeName>José Lopez</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marquez Trigo</LastName><ForeName>Patricia</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nance</LastName><ForeName>Martha</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Radtke</LastName><ForeName>Dawn</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Norberg</LastName><ForeName>Deanna</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tupper</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martin</LastName><ForeName>Wayne</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>King</LastName><ForeName>Pamela</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wieler</LastName><ForeName>Marguerite</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Foster</LastName><ForeName>Sheri</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sran</LastName><ForeName>Satwinder</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dubinsky</LastName><ForeName>Richard</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gray</LastName><ForeName>Carolyn</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Switzer</LastName><ForeName>Phillis</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paulsen</LastName><ForeName>Jane</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Langbehn</LastName><ForeName>Douglas</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Johnson</LastName><ForeName>Hans</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aylward</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Biglan</LastName><ForeName>Kevin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kieburtz</LastName><ForeName>Karl</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oakes</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shoulson</LastName><ForeName>Ira</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guttman</LastName><ForeName>Mark</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hayden</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Landwehrmeyer</LastName><ForeName>Bernhard G</ForeName><Initials>BG</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nance</LastName><ForeName>Martha</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ross</LastName><ForeName>Christopher</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stout</LastName><ForeName>Julie</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Blanchard</LastName><ForeName>Steve</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anderson</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dudler</LastName><ForeName>Ann</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Henneberry</LastName><ForeName>Machelle</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Montross</LastName><ForeName>Kelsey</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>O'Brien</LastName><ForeName>Philip</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Penziner</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ludwig</LastName><ForeName>Bryan</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McAreavy</LastName><ForeName>Brenda</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mills</LastName><ForeName>James A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Murray</LastName><ForeName>Gerald</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nehl</LastName><ForeName>Carissa</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vik</LastName><ForeName>Stacie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Chiachi</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Werling-Witkoske</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bourgeois</LastName><ForeName>Keith</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Covert</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Daigneault</LastName><ForeName>Susan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Julian-Baros</LastName><ForeName>Elaine</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rothenburgh</LastName><ForeName>Karen</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Olsen</LastName><ForeName>Beverly</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Orme</LastName><ForeName>Constance</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ross</LastName><ForeName>Tori</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Simone</LastName><ForeName>Megan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weber</LastName><ForeName>Joseph</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Hongwei</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stout</LastName><ForeName>Julie C</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Queller</LastName><ForeName>Sarah</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Johnson</LastName><ForeName>Shannon A</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Campbell</LastName><ForeName>J Colin</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peters</LastName><ForeName>Eric</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carlozzi</LastName><ForeName>Noelle E</ForeName><Initials>NE</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Green</LastName><ForeName>Terren</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Investigator><Investigator 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