Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin
Identifieur interne :
002254 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus );
précédent :
002253;
suivant :
002255
Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin
Auteurs : Frank J. ErbguthSource :
-
Movement disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2004.
RBID : Pascal:04-0228268
Descripteurs français
English descriptors
Abstract
Food-borne botulism probably has accompanied mankind since its beginning. However, we have only few historical sources and documents on food poisoning before the 19th century. Some ancient dietary laws and taboos may reflect some knowledge about the life-threatening consumption of poisoned food. One example of such a dietary taboo is the 10th century edict of Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium in which manufacturing of blood sausages was forbidden. Some ancient case reports on intoxications with Atropa belladonna probably described patients with food-borne botulism, because the combination of dilated pupils and fatal muscle paralysis cannot be attributed to an atropine intoxication. At the end of the 18th century, some well-documented outbreaks of "sausage poisoning" in Southern Germany, especially in Württemberg, prompted early systematic botulinum toxin research. The German poet and district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822. Kerner did not succeed in defining the suspected "biological poison" which he called "sausage poison" or "fatty poison." However, he developed the idea of a possible therapeutic use of the toxin. Eighty years after Kerner's work, in 1895, a botulism outbreak after a funeral dinner with smoked ham in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum by Emile Pierre van Ermengem, Professor of bacteriology at the University of Ghent. The bacterium was so called because of its pathological association with the sausages (Latin word for sausage = "botulus") and not-as it was suggested-because of its shape. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz.
Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)
Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.
| pA |
| A01 | 01 | 1 | | @0 0885-3185 |
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| A03 | | 1 | | @0 Mov. disord. |
|---|
| A05 | | | | @2 19 |
|---|
| A06 | | | | @3 SUP8 |
|---|
| A08 | 01 | 1 | ENG | @1 Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin |
|---|
| A09 | 01 | 1 | ENG | @1 Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Neurotoxins |
|---|
| A11 | 01 | 1 | | @1 ERBGUTH (Frank J.) |
|---|
| A12 | 01 | 1 | | @1 BIGALKE (HANS) @9 ed. |
|---|
| A12 | 02 | 1 | | @1 DRESSLER (Dirk) @9 ed. |
|---|
| A12 | 03 | 1 | | @1 JANKOVIC (Joseph) @9 ed. |
|---|
| A14 | 01 | | | @1 Department of Neurology, City Hospital Nürnberg @2 Nürnberg @3 DEU @Z 1 aut. |
|---|
| A15 | 01 | | | @1 Institute of Toxicology, Medical School of Hannover @2 Hannover @3 DEU @Z 1 aut. |
|---|
| A15 | 02 | | | @1 Department of Neurology, Rostock University @2 Rostock @3 DEU @Z 2 aut. |
|---|
| A15 | 03 | | | @1 Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine @2 Houston, Texas @3 USA @Z 3 aut. |
|---|
| A20 | | | | @1 2-6 |
|---|
| A21 | | | | @1 2004 |
|---|
| A23 | 01 | | | @0 ENG |
|---|
| A43 | 01 | | | @1 INIST @2 20953 @5 354000113591720010 |
|---|
| A44 | | | | @0 0000 @1 © 2004 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved. |
|---|
| A45 | | | | @0 15 ref. |
|---|
| A47 | 01 | 1 | | @0 04-0228268 |
|---|
| A60 | | | | @1 P @2 C |
|---|
| A61 | | | | @0 A |
|---|
| A64 | 01 | 1 | | @0 Movement disorders |
|---|
| A66 | 01 | | | @0 USA |
|---|
| C01 | 01 | | ENG | @0 Food-borne botulism probably has accompanied mankind since its beginning. However, we have only few historical sources and documents on food poisoning before the 19th century. Some ancient dietary laws and taboos may reflect some knowledge about the life-threatening consumption of poisoned food. One example of such a dietary taboo is the 10th century edict of Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium in which manufacturing of blood sausages was forbidden. Some ancient case reports on intoxications with Atropa belladonna probably described patients with food-borne botulism, because the combination of dilated pupils and fatal muscle paralysis cannot be attributed to an atropine intoxication. At the end of the 18th century, some well-documented outbreaks of "sausage poisoning" in Southern Germany, especially in Württemberg, prompted early systematic botulinum toxin research. The German poet and district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822. Kerner did not succeed in defining the suspected "biological poison" which he called "sausage poison" or "fatty poison." However, he developed the idea of a possible therapeutic use of the toxin. Eighty years after Kerner's work, in 1895, a botulism outbreak after a funeral dinner with smoked ham in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum by Emile Pierre van Ermengem, Professor of bacteriology at the University of Ghent. The bacterium was so called because of its pathological association with the sausages (Latin word for sausage = "botulus") and not-as it was suggested-because of its shape. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz. |
|---|
| C02 | 01 | X | | @0 002B17 |
|---|
| C03 | 01 | X | FRE | @0 Botulisme @5 01 |
|---|
| C03 | 01 | X | ENG | @0 Botulism @5 01 |
|---|
| C03 | 01 | X | SPA | @0 Botulismo @5 01 |
|---|
| C03 | 02 | X | FRE | @0 Clostridium botulinum @2 NS @5 02 |
|---|
| C03 | 02 | X | ENG | @0 Clostridium botulinum @2 NS @5 02 |
|---|
| C03 | 02 | X | SPA | @0 Clostridium botulinum @2 NS @5 02 |
|---|
| C03 | 03 | X | FRE | @0 Bontoxilysin @2 FE @2 FR @5 03 |
|---|
| C03 | 03 | X | ENG | @0 Bontoxilysin @2 FE @2 FR @5 03 |
|---|
| C03 | 03 | X | SPA | @0 Bontoxilysin @2 FE @2 FR @5 03 |
|---|
| C03 | 04 | X | FRE | @0 Système nerveux pathologie @5 04 |
|---|
| C03 | 04 | X | ENG | @0 Nervous system diseases @5 04 |
|---|
| C03 | 04 | X | SPA | @0 Sistema nervioso patología @5 04 |
|---|
| C03 | 05 | X | FRE | @0 Traitement @5 05 |
|---|
| C03 | 05 | X | ENG | @0 Treatment @5 05 |
|---|
| C03 | 05 | X | SPA | @0 Tratamiento @5 05 |
|---|
| C03 | 06 | X | FRE | @0 Toxine @5 06 |
|---|
| C03 | 06 | X | ENG | @0 Toxin @5 06 |
|---|
| C03 | 06 | X | SPA | @0 Toxina @5 06 |
|---|
| C07 | 01 | X | FRE | @0 Bactériose @2 NM |
|---|
| C07 | 01 | X | ENG | @0 Bacteriosis @2 NM |
|---|
| C07 | 01 | X | SPA | @0 Bacteriosis @2 NM |
|---|
| C07 | 02 | X | FRE | @0 Infection @2 NM |
|---|
| C07 | 02 | X | ENG | @0 Infection @2 NM |
|---|
| C07 | 02 | X | SPA | @0 Infección @2 NM |
|---|
| C07 | 03 | X | FRE | @0 Clostridiaceae @2 NS |
|---|
| C07 | 03 | X | ENG | @0 Clostridiaceae @2 NS |
|---|
| C07 | 03 | X | SPA | @0 Clostridiaceae @2 NS |
|---|
| C07 | 04 | X | FRE | @0 Clostridiales @2 NS |
|---|
| C07 | 04 | X | ENG | @0 Clostridiales @2 NS |
|---|
| C07 | 04 | X | SPA | @0 Clostridiales @2 NS |
|---|
| C07 | 05 | X | FRE | @0 Bactérie |
|---|
| C07 | 05 | X | ENG | @0 Bacteria |
|---|
| C07 | 05 | X | SPA | @0 Bacteria |
|---|
| C07 | 06 | X | FRE | @0 Metalloendopeptidases @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 06 | X | ENG | @0 Metalloendopeptidases @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 06 | X | SPA | @0 Metalloendopeptidases @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 07 | X | FRE | @0 Peptidases @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 07 | X | ENG | @0 Peptidases @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 07 | X | SPA | @0 Peptidases @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 08 | X | FRE | @0 Hydrolases @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 08 | X | ENG | @0 Hydrolases @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 08 | X | SPA | @0 Hydrolases @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 09 | X | FRE | @0 Enzyme @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 09 | X | ENG | @0 Enzyme @2 FE |
|---|
| C07 | 09 | X | SPA | @0 Enzima @2 FE |
|---|
| N21 | | | | @1 145 |
|---|
| N82 | | | | @1 OTO |
|---|
|
|---|
| pR |
| A30 | 01 | 1 | ENG | @1 Toxins 2002. Conference @3 Hannover DEU @4 2002 |
|---|
|
|---|
Format Inist (serveur)
| NO : | PASCAL 04-0228268 INIST |
|---|
| ET : | Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin |
|---|
| AU : | ERBGUTH (Frank J.); BIGALKE (HANS); DRESSLER (Dirk); JANKOVIC (Joseph) |
|---|
| AF : | Department of Neurology, City Hospital Nürnberg/Nürnberg/Allemagne (1 aut.); Institute of Toxicology, Medical School of Hannover/Hannover/Allemagne (1 aut.); Department of Neurology, Rostock University/Rostock/Allemagne (2 aut.); Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine/Houston, Texas/Etats-Unis (3 aut.) |
|---|
| DT : | Publication en série; Congrès; Niveau analytique |
|---|
| SO : | Movement disorders; ISSN 0885-3185; Etats-Unis; Da. 2004; Vol. 19; No. SUP8; Pp. 2-6; Bibl. 15 ref. |
|---|
| LA : | Anglais |
|---|
| EA : | Food-borne botulism probably has accompanied mankind since its beginning. However, we have only few historical sources and documents on food poisoning before the 19th century. Some ancient dietary laws and taboos may reflect some knowledge about the life-threatening consumption of poisoned food. One example of such a dietary taboo is the 10th century edict of Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium in which manufacturing of blood sausages was forbidden. Some ancient case reports on intoxications with Atropa belladonna probably described patients with food-borne botulism, because the combination of dilated pupils and fatal muscle paralysis cannot be attributed to an atropine intoxication. At the end of the 18th century, some well-documented outbreaks of "sausage poisoning" in Southern Germany, especially in Württemberg, prompted early systematic botulinum toxin research. The German poet and district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822. Kerner did not succeed in defining the suspected "biological poison" which he called "sausage poison" or "fatty poison." However, he developed the idea of a possible therapeutic use of the toxin. Eighty years after Kerner's work, in 1895, a botulism outbreak after a funeral dinner with smoked ham in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum by Emile Pierre van Ermengem, Professor of bacteriology at the University of Ghent. The bacterium was so called because of its pathological association with the sausages (Latin word for sausage = "botulus") and not-as it was suggested-because of its shape. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz. |
|---|
| CC : | 002B17 |
|---|
| FD : | Botulisme; Clostridium botulinum; Bontoxilysin; Système nerveux pathologie; Traitement; Toxine |
|---|
| FG : | Bactériose; Infection; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Bactérie; Metalloendopeptidases; Peptidases; Hydrolases; Enzyme |
|---|
| ED : | Botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Bontoxilysin; Nervous system diseases; Treatment; Toxin |
|---|
| EG : | Bacteriosis; Infection; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Bacteria; Metalloendopeptidases; Peptidases; Hydrolases; Enzyme |
|---|
| SD : | Botulismo; Clostridium botulinum; Bontoxilysin; Sistema nervioso patología; Tratamiento; Toxina |
|---|
| LO : | INIST-20953.354000113591720010 |
|---|
| ID : | 04-0228268 |
|---|
Links to Exploration step
Pascal:04-0228268
Le document en format XML
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<imprint><date when="2004">2004</date>
</imprint><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Movement disorders</title>
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<term>Treatment</term>
</keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Botulisme</term>
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</keywords><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Food-borne botulism probably has accompanied mankind since its beginning. However, we have only few historical sources and documents on food poisoning before the 19th century. Some ancient dietary laws and taboos may reflect some knowledge about the life-threatening consumption of poisoned food. One example of such a dietary taboo is the 10th century edict of Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium in which manufacturing of blood sausages was forbidden. Some ancient case reports on intoxications with Atropa belladonna probably described patients with food-borne botulism, because the combination of dilated pupils and fatal muscle paralysis cannot be attributed to an atropine intoxication. At the end of the 18th century, some well-documented outbreaks of "sausage poisoning" in Southern Germany, especially in Württemberg, prompted early systematic botulinum toxin research. The German poet and district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822. Kerner did not succeed in defining the suspected "biological poison" which he called "sausage poison" or "fatty poison." However, he developed the idea of a possible therapeutic use of the toxin. Eighty years after Kerner's work, in 1895, a botulism outbreak after a funeral dinner with smoked ham in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum by Emile Pierre van Ermengem, Professor of bacteriology at the University of Ghent. The bacterium was so called because of its pathological association with the sausages (Latin word for sausage = "botulus") and not-as it was suggested-because of its shape. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz.</div>
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</fA03><fA06><s3>SUP8</s3>
</fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin</s1>
</fA08><fA09 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Neurotoxins</s1>
</fA09><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>ERBGUTH (Frank J.)</s1>
</fA11><fA12 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>BIGALKE (HANS)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA12 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>DRESSLER (Dirk)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA12 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>JANKOVIC (Joseph)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Neurology, City Hospital Nürnberg</s1>
<s2>Nürnberg</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA14><fA15 i1="01"><s1>Institute of Toxicology, Medical School of Hannover</s1>
<s2>Hannover</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA15><fA15 i1="02"><s1>Department of Neurology, Rostock University</s1>
<s2>Rostock</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA15><fA15 i1="03"><s1>Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine</s1>
<s2>Houston, Texas</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</fA15><fA20><s1>2-6</s1>
</fA20><fA21><s1>2004</s1>
</fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
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<s5>354000113591720010</s5>
</fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2004 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
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</fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1>
<s2>C</s2>
</fA60><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Movement disorders</s0>
</fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0>
</fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Food-borne botulism probably has accompanied mankind since its beginning. However, we have only few historical sources and documents on food poisoning before the 19th century. Some ancient dietary laws and taboos may reflect some knowledge about the life-threatening consumption of poisoned food. One example of such a dietary taboo is the 10th century edict of Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium in which manufacturing of blood sausages was forbidden. Some ancient case reports on intoxications with Atropa belladonna probably described patients with food-borne botulism, because the combination of dilated pupils and fatal muscle paralysis cannot be attributed to an atropine intoxication. At the end of the 18th century, some well-documented outbreaks of "sausage poisoning" in Southern Germany, especially in Württemberg, prompted early systematic botulinum toxin research. The German poet and district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822. Kerner did not succeed in defining the suspected "biological poison" which he called "sausage poison" or "fatty poison." However, he developed the idea of a possible therapeutic use of the toxin. Eighty years after Kerner's work, in 1895, a botulism outbreak after a funeral dinner with smoked ham in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum by Emile Pierre van Ermengem, Professor of bacteriology at the University of Ghent. The bacterium was so called because of its pathological association with the sausages (Latin word for sausage = "botulus") and not-as it was suggested-because of its shape. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz.</s0>
</fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002B17</s0>
</fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Botulisme</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Botulism</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Botulismo</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Clostridium botulinum</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Clostridium botulinum</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Clostridium botulinum</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Bontoxilysin</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s2>FR</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Bontoxilysin</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s2>FR</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Bontoxilysin</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s2>FR</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Système nerveux pathologie</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nervous system diseases</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Sistema nervioso patología</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Traitement</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Treatment</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Tratamiento</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Toxine</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Toxin</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Toxina</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Bactériose</s0>
<s2>NM</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Bacteriosis</s0>
<s2>NM</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Bacteriosis</s0>
<s2>NM</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0>
<s2>NM</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0>
<s2>NM</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0>
<s2>NM</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Clostridiaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Clostridiaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Clostridiaceae</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Clostridiales</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Clostridiales</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Clostridiales</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Bactérie</s0>
</fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Bacteria</s0>
</fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Bacteria</s0>
</fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Metalloendopeptidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Metalloendopeptidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Metalloendopeptidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Peptidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Peptidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Peptidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hydrolases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hydrolases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hydrolases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Enzyme</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Enzyme</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Enzima</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07><fN21><s1>145</s1>
</fN21><fN82><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN82><pR><fA30 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Toxins 2002. Conference</s1>
<s3>Hannover DEU</s3>
<s4>2002</s4>
</fA30><server><NO>PASCAL 04-0228268 INIST</NO>
<ET>Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin</ET>
<AU>ERBGUTH (Frank J.); BIGALKE (HANS); DRESSLER (Dirk); JANKOVIC (Joseph)</AU>
<AF>Department of Neurology, City Hospital Nürnberg/Nürnberg/Allemagne (1 aut.); Institute of Toxicology, Medical School of Hannover/Hannover/Allemagne (1 aut.); Department of Neurology, Rostock University/Rostock/Allemagne (2 aut.); Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine/Houston, Texas/Etats-Unis (3 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Congrès; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Movement disorders; ISSN 0885-3185; Etats-Unis; Da. 2004; Vol. 19; No. SUP8; Pp. 2-6; Bibl. 15 ref.</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>Food-borne botulism probably has accompanied mankind since its beginning. However, we have only few historical sources and documents on food poisoning before the 19th century. Some ancient dietary laws and taboos may reflect some knowledge about the life-threatening consumption of poisoned food. One example of such a dietary taboo is the 10th century edict of Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium in which manufacturing of blood sausages was forbidden. Some ancient case reports on intoxications with Atropa belladonna probably described patients with food-borne botulism, because the combination of dilated pupils and fatal muscle paralysis cannot be attributed to an atropine intoxication. At the end of the 18th century, some well-documented outbreaks of "sausage poisoning" in Southern Germany, especially in Württemberg, prompted early systematic botulinum toxin research. The German poet and district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822. Kerner did not succeed in defining the suspected "biological poison" which he called "sausage poison" or "fatty poison." However, he developed the idea of a possible therapeutic use of the toxin. Eighty years after Kerner's work, in 1895, a botulism outbreak after a funeral dinner with smoked ham in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum by Emile Pierre van Ermengem, Professor of bacteriology at the University of Ghent. The bacterium was so called because of its pathological association with the sausages (Latin word for sausage = "botulus") and not-as it was suggested-because of its shape. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz.</EA>
<CC>002B17</CC>
<FD>Botulisme; Clostridium botulinum; Bontoxilysin; Système nerveux pathologie; Traitement; Toxine</FD>
<FG>Bactériose; Infection; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Bactérie; Metalloendopeptidases; Peptidases; Hydrolases; Enzyme</FG>
<ED>Botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Bontoxilysin; Nervous system diseases; Treatment; Toxin</ED>
<EG>Bacteriosis; Infection; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Bacteria; Metalloendopeptidases; Peptidases; Hydrolases; Enzyme</EG>
<SD>Botulismo; Clostridium botulinum; Bontoxilysin; Sistema nervioso patología; Tratamiento; Toxina</SD>
<LO>INIST-20953.354000113591720010</LO>
<ID>04-0228268</ID>
</server>
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