MovDisordV3, PascalFrancis, Corpus, bibRecord, 000368

Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Primary Focal Dystonia: A Controlled Study

Identifieur interne : 000368 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000367; suivant : 000369

Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Primary Focal Dystonia: A Controlled Study

Auteurs : Bernardo Barahona-Correa ; Paulo Bugalho ; Joao Guimaraes ; Miguel Xavier

Source :

Movement disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2011.

RBID : Pascal:11-0481766

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Obsession compulsion, Dystonie, Torticolis spasmodique, Blépharospasme, Crampe écrivain, Pathologie du système nerveux, Neuropsychiatrie.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Blepharospasm, Dystonia, Nervous system diseases, Neuropsychiatry, Obsessive compulsive disorder, Spasmodic torticollis, Writer cramp.

Abstract

Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical-basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin-treated and -untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross-sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptom scores above cut-off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene-related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical-basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

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A11	`02`	`1`		`@1 BUGALHO (Paulo)`
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C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical-basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin-treated and -untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross-sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptom scores above cut-off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene-related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical-basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia.
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C03	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Obsessive compulsive disorder @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Obsesión compulsión @5 01`
C03	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Dystonie @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Dystonia @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Distonía @5 02`
C03	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Torticolis spasmodique @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Spasmodic torticollis @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Tortícolis espasmódico @5 03`
C03	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Blépharospasme @5 04`
C03	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Blepharospasm @5 04`
C03	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Blefaroespasmo @5 04`
C03	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Crampe écrivain @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Writer cramp @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Calambre escribano @5 05`
C03	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pathologie du système nerveux @5 06`
C03	`06`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Nervous system diseases @5 06`
C03	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Sistema nervioso patología @5 06`
C03	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Neuropsychiatrie @5 09`
C03	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Neuropsychiatry @5 09`
C03	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Neurosiquiatría @5 09`
C07	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Trouble anxieux @5 37`
C07	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Anxiety disorder @5 37`
C07	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Trastorno ansiedad @5 37`
C07	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Syndrome extrapyramidal @5 38`
C07	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Extrapyramidal syndrome @5 38`
C07	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Extrapiramidal síndrome @5 38`
C07	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Mouvement involontaire @5 39`
C07	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Involuntary movement @5 39`
C07	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Movimiento involuntario @5 39`
C07	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pathologie du muscle strié @5 40`
C07	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Striated muscle disease @5 40`
C07	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Músculo estriado patología @5 40`
C07	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Trouble neurologique @5 42`
C07	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Neurological disorder @5 42`
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C07	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pathologie de l'encéphale @5 43`
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C07	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Encéfalo patología @5 43`
C07	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pathologie du système nerveux central @5 44`
C07	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Central nervous system disease @5 44`
C07	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Sistema nervosio central patología @5 44`
C07	`08`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pathologie de l'oeil @5 45`
C07	`08`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Eye disease @5 45`
C07	`08`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Ojo patología @5 45`
C07	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pathologie de la paupière @5 46`
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C07	`09`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Párpado patología @5 46`
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Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 11-0481766 INIST
ET :	Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Primary Focal Dystonia: A Controlled Study
AU :	BARAHONA-CORREA (Bernardo); BUGALHO (Paulo); GUIMARAES (Joao); XAVIER (Miguel)
AF :	CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa/Lisbon/Portugal (1 aut., 4 aut.); Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health/Lisbon/Portugal (1 aut.); Hospital Egas Moniz, Department of Neurology/Lisbon/Portugal (2 aut.); British Hospital/Lisbon/Portugal (3 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Niveau analytique
SO :	Movement disorders; ISSN 0885-3185; Etats-Unis; Da. 2011; Vol. 26; No. 12; Pp. 2274-2278; Bibl. 38 ref.
LA :	Anglais
EA :	Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical-basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin-treated and -untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross-sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptom scores above cut-off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene-related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical-basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia.
CC :	002B17; 002B17H
FD :	Obsession compulsion; Dystonie; Torticolis spasmodique; Blépharospasme; Crampe écrivain; Pathologie du système nerveux; Neuropsychiatrie
FG :	Trouble anxieux; Syndrome extrapyramidal; Mouvement involontaire; Pathologie du muscle strié; Trouble neurologique; Pathologie de l'encéphale; Pathologie du système nerveux central; Pathologie de l'oeil; Pathologie de la paupière
ED :	Obsessive compulsive disorder; Dystonia; Spasmodic torticollis; Blepharospasm; Writer cramp; Nervous system diseases; Neuropsychiatry
EG :	Anxiety disorder; Extrapyramidal syndrome; Involuntary movement; Striated muscle disease; Neurological disorder; Cerebral disorder; Central nervous system disease; Eye disease; Eyelid disease
SD :	Obsesión compulsión; Distonía; Tortícolis espasmódico; Blefaroespasmo; Calambre escribano; Sistema nervioso patología; Neurosiquiatría
LO :	INIST-20953.354000505557630210
ID :	11-0481766

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:11-0481766

Le document en format XML

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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical-basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin-treated and -untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross-sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptom scores above cut-off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene-related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical-basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia.</div>
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<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical-basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin-treated and -untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross-sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptom scores above cut-off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene-related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical-basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002B17</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002B17H</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Obsession compulsion</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Obsessive compulsive disorder</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Obsesión compulsión</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dystonie</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Dystonia</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Distonía</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Spasmodic torticollis</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Blépharospasme</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Writer cramp</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
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</fC03>
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</fC03>
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<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Neuropsychiatrie</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Neuropsychiatry</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Neurosiquiatría</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Trouble anxieux</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC07>
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<s5>37</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Trastorno ansiedad</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Syndrome extrapyramidal</s0>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Extrapyramidal syndrome</s0>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Extrapiramidal síndrome</s0>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Mouvement involontaire</s0>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Involuntary movement</s0>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Movimiento involuntario</s0>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie du muscle strié</s0>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Striated muscle disease</s0>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Músculo estriado patología</s0>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Trouble neurologique</s0>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Neurological disorder</s0>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Trastorno neurológico</s0>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie de l'encéphale</s0>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cerebral disorder</s0>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Encéfalo patología</s0>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie du   système nerveux central</s0>
<s5>44</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Central nervous system disease</s0>
<s5>44</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Sistema nervosio central patología</s0>
<s5>44</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie de l'oeil</s0>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Eye disease</s0>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ojo patología</s0>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie de la paupière</s0>
<s5>46</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Eyelid disease</s0>
<s5>46</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Párpado patología</s0>
<s5>46</s5>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>332</s1>
</fN21>
<fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN44>
<fN82><s1>OTO</s1>
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<server><NO>PASCAL 11-0481766 INIST</NO>
<ET>Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Primary Focal Dystonia: A Controlled Study</ET>
<AU>BARAHONA-CORREA (Bernardo); BUGALHO (Paulo); GUIMARAES (Joao); XAVIER (Miguel)</AU>
<AF>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa/Lisbon/Portugal (1 aut., 4 aut.); Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health/Lisbon/Portugal (1 aut.); Hospital Egas Moniz, Department of Neurology/Lisbon/Portugal (2 aut.); British Hospital/Lisbon/Portugal (3 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Movement disorders; ISSN 0885-3185; Etats-Unis; Da. 2011; Vol. 26; No. 12; Pp. 2274-2278; Bibl. 38 ref.</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical-basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin-treated and -untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross-sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM-IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptom scores above cut-off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene-related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive-compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical-basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia.</EA>
<CC>002B17; 002B17H</CC>
<FD>Obsession compulsion; Dystonie; Torticolis spasmodique; Blépharospasme; Crampe écrivain; Pathologie du système nerveux; Neuropsychiatrie</FD>
<FG>Trouble anxieux; Syndrome extrapyramidal; Mouvement involontaire; Pathologie du muscle strié; Trouble neurologique; Pathologie de l'encéphale; Pathologie du   système nerveux central; Pathologie de l'oeil; Pathologie de la paupière</FG>
<ED>Obsessive compulsive disorder; Dystonia; Spasmodic torticollis; Blepharospasm; Writer cramp; Nervous system diseases; Neuropsychiatry</ED>
<EG>Anxiety disorder; Extrapyramidal syndrome; Involuntary movement; Striated muscle disease; Neurological disorder; Cerebral disorder; Central nervous system disease; Eye disease; Eyelid disease</EG>
<SD>Obsesión compulsión; Distonía; Tortícolis espasmódico; Blefaroespasmo; Calambre escribano; Sistema nervioso patología; Neurosiquiatría</SD>
<LO>INIST-20953.354000505557630210</LO>
<ID>11-0481766</ID>
</server>
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	Movement Disorders (revue)
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Movement Disorders (revue)

Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Primary Focal Dystonia: A Controlled Study

Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Primary Focal Dystonia: A Controlled Study

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