Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale in Essential Tremor: A Population-Based Study in Three Spanish Communities
Identifieur interne : 002144 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002143; suivant : 002145Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale in Essential Tremor: A Population-Based Study in Three Spanish Communities
Auteurs : Elan D. Louis [États-Unis] ; Julián Benito-Le N [Espagne] ; Félix Bermejo-Pareja [Espagne]Source :
- Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2008.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : Espagne.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging (psychology), Antidepressive Agents (therapeutic use), Arthritis (epidemiology), Attitude to Health, Comorbidity, Depression (drug therapy), Depression (etiology), Depression (psychology), Essential Tremor (psychology), Female, Humans, Male, Morale, Predictive Value of Tests, Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Smoking (epidemiology), Spain (epidemiology).
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antidepressive Agents.
- geographic , epidemiology : Spain.
- drug therapy : Depression.
- epidemiology : Arthritis, Smoking.
- etiology : Depression.
- psychology : Aging, Depression, Essential Tremor.
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Health, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Morale, Predictive Value of Tests, Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index.
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is associated with both functional disability and depression. Each could contribute to a poor sense of well-being and low morale. We hypothesized that morale would be lower in ET cases than controls.
Using a population-based, cross-sectional design, morale was assessed in 187 ET cases and 561 matched controls living in three communities in central Spain using the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS)(range = 0 [low morale]–17), which included three dimensions of psychological well-being: agitation, lonely dissatisfaction, and attitude toward own aging.
The PGCMS score was lower in ET cases than controls (9.41 ± 3.21 vs. 10.39 ± 2.92, p < 0.001), as were the Agitation subscore (3.17 ± 1.71 vs. 3.78 ± 1.67, p < 0.001) and Lonely Dissatisfaction subscore (3.75 ± 1.34 vs. 4.02 ± 1.24, p < 0.05). Nearly one-half of the ET cases were classified as having low morale compared with only one-third of controls (p = 0.006). In a linear regression analysis adjusting for demographic factors and multiple comorbid conditions, ET cases had a lower log PGCMS score than controls (p < 0.001). Exclusion of participants on antidepressant medication did not change the results.
Our results indicate that morale is significantly lower in community-dwelling ET cases than in matched controls. This lower morale could in part be a proxy for mild, untreated depression. It therefore seems important to detect and then possibly treat this problem to improve the psychological well-being of patients with this disease.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/mds.22124
PubMed: 18512746
PubMed Central: 2683421
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Louis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A1"> G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2"> Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3"> Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4"> Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benito Le N, Julian" sort="Benito Le N, Julian" uniqKey="Benito Le N J" first="Julián" last="Benito-Le N">Julián Benito-Le N</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5"> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" sort="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" uniqKey="Bermejo Pareja F" first="Félix" last="Bermejo-Pareja">Félix Bermejo-Pareja</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5"> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Aging (psychology)</term><term>Antidepressive Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Arthritis (epidemiology)</term><term>Attitude to Health</term><term>Comorbidity</term><term>Depression (drug therapy)</term><term>Depression (etiology)</term><term>Depression (psychology)</term><term>Essential Tremor (psychology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Morale</term><term>Predictive Value of Tests</term><term>Questionnaires</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term><term>Smoking (epidemiology)</term><term>Spain (epidemiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antidepressive Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Spain</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Depression</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Arthritis</term><term>Smoking</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Depression</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Aging</term><term>Depression</term><term>Essential Tremor</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Attitude to Health</term><term>Comorbidity</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Morale</term><term>Predictive Value of Tests</term><term>Questionnaires</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Espagne</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>BACKGROUND</title><p id="P1">Essential tremor (ET) is associated with both functional disability and depression. Each could contribute to a poor sense of well-being and low morale. We hypothesized that morale would be lower in ET cases than controls.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" id="S2"><title>METHODS</title><p id="P2">Using a population-based, cross-sectional design, morale was assessed in 187 ET cases and 561 matched controls living in three communities in central Spain using the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS)(range = 0 [low morale]–17), which included three dimensions of psychological well-being: agitation, lonely dissatisfaction, and attitude toward own aging.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>RESULTS</title><p id="P3">The PGCMS score was lower in ET cases than controls (9.41 ± 3.21 vs. 10.39 ± 2.92, p < 0.001), as were the Agitation subscore (3.17 ± 1.71 vs. 3.78 ± 1.67, p < 0.001) and Lonely Dissatisfaction subscore (3.75 ± 1.34 vs. 4.02 ± 1.24, p < 0.05). Nearly one-half of the ET cases were classified as having low morale compared with only one-third of controls (p = 0.006). In a linear regression analysis adjusting for demographic factors and multiple comorbid conditions, ET cases had a lower log PGCMS score than controls (p < 0.001). Exclusion of participants on antidepressant medication did not change the results.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p id="P4">Our results indicate that morale is significantly lower in community-dwelling ET cases than in matched controls. This lower morale could in part be a proxy for mild, untreated depression. It therefore seems important to detect and then possibly treat this problem to improve the psychological well-being of patients with this disease.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><double pmid="18512746"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale in Essential Tremor: A Population-Based Study in Three Spanish Communities</title><author><name sortKey="Louis, Elan D" sort="Louis, Elan D" uniqKey="Louis E" first="Elan D." last="Louis">Elan D. Louis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A1"> G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2"> Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3"> Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4"> Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benito Le N, Julian" sort="Benito Le N, Julian" uniqKey="Benito Le N J" first="Julián" last="Benito-Le N">Julián Benito-Le N</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5"> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" sort="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" uniqKey="Bermejo Pareja F" first="Félix" last="Bermejo-Pareja">Félix Bermejo-Pareja</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5"> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">18512746</idno><idno type="pmc">2683421</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2683421</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2683421</idno><idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.22124</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000026</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000026</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000433</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale in Essential Tremor: A Population-Based Study in Three Spanish Communities</title><author><name sortKey="Louis, Elan D" sort="Louis, Elan D" uniqKey="Louis E" first="Elan D." last="Louis">Elan D. Louis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A1"> G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2"> Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3"> Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A4"> Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea> Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benito Le N, Julian" sort="Benito Le N, Julian" uniqKey="Benito Le N J" first="Julián" last="Benito-Le N">Julián Benito-Le N</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5"> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" sort="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" uniqKey="Bermejo Pareja F" first="Félix" last="Bermejo-Pareja">Félix Bermejo-Pareja</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5"> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea> The Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>BACKGROUND</title><p id="P1">Essential tremor (ET) is associated with both functional disability and depression. Each could contribute to a poor sense of well-being and low morale. We hypothesized that morale would be lower in ET cases than controls.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" id="S2"><title>METHODS</title><p id="P2">Using a population-based, cross-sectional design, morale was assessed in 187 ET cases and 561 matched controls living in three communities in central Spain using the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS)(range = 0 [low morale]–17), which included three dimensions of psychological well-being: agitation, lonely dissatisfaction, and attitude toward own aging.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>RESULTS</title><p id="P3">The PGCMS score was lower in ET cases than controls (9.41 ± 3.21 vs. 10.39 ± 2.92, p < 0.001), as were the Agitation subscore (3.17 ± 1.71 vs. 3.78 ± 1.67, p < 0.001) and Lonely Dissatisfaction subscore (3.75 ± 1.34 vs. 4.02 ± 1.24, p < 0.05). Nearly one-half of the ET cases were classified as having low morale compared with only one-third of controls (p = 0.006). In a linear regression analysis adjusting for demographic factors and multiple comorbid conditions, ET cases had a lower log PGCMS score than controls (p < 0.001). Exclusion of participants on antidepressant medication did not change the results.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p id="P4">Our results indicate that morale is significantly lower in community-dwelling ET cases than in matched controls. This lower morale could in part be a proxy for mild, untreated depression. It therefore seems important to detect and then possibly treat this problem to improve the psychological well-being of patients with this disease.</p></sec></div></front></TEI></pmc><pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale in essential tremor: a population-based study in three Spanish communities.</title><author><name sortKey="Louis, Elan D" sort="Louis, Elan D" uniqKey="Louis E" first="Elan D" last="Louis">Elan D. Louis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>G.H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. EDL2@columbia.edu</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>G.H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benito Le N, Julian" sort="Benito Le N, Julian" uniqKey="Benito Le N J" first="Julián" last="Benito-Le N">Julián Benito-Le N</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" sort="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" uniqKey="Bermejo Pareja F" first="Félix" last="Bermejo-Pareja">Félix Bermejo-Pareja</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.22124</idno><idno type="RBID">pubmed:18512746</idno><idno type="pmid">18512746</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002219</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002219</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002144</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale in essential tremor: a population-based study in three Spanish communities.</title><author><name sortKey="Louis, Elan D" sort="Louis, Elan D" uniqKey="Louis E" first="Elan D" last="Louis">Elan D. Louis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>G.H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. EDL2@columbia.edu</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>G.H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benito Le N, Julian" sort="Benito Le N, Julian" uniqKey="Benito Le N J" first="Julián" last="Benito-Le N">Julián Benito-Le N</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" sort="Bermejo Pareja, Felix" uniqKey="Bermejo Pareja F" first="Félix" last="Bermejo-Pareja">Félix Bermejo-Pareja</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><date when="2008" type="published">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Aging (psychology)</term><term>Antidepressive Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Arthritis (epidemiology)</term><term>Attitude to Health</term><term>Comorbidity</term><term>Depression (drug therapy)</term><term>Depression (etiology)</term><term>Depression (psychology)</term><term>Essential Tremor (psychology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Morale</term><term>Predictive Value of Tests</term><term>Questionnaires</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term><term>Smoking (epidemiology)</term><term>Spain (epidemiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antidepressive Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Spain</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Depression</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Arthritis</term><term>Smoking</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Depression</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Aging</term><term>Depression</term><term>Essential Tremor</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Attitude to Health</term><term>Comorbidity</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Morale</term><term>Predictive Value of Tests</term><term>Questionnaires</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Espagne</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Essential tremor (ET) is associated with both functional disability and depression. Each could contribute to a poor sense of well-being and low morale. We hypothesized that morale would be lower in ET cases than controls. Using a population-based, cross-sectional design, morale was assessed in 187 ET cases and 561 matched controls living in three communities in central Spain using the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) (range = 0 [low morale]-17), which included three-dimensions of psychological well-being: agitation, lonely dissatisfaction, and attitude toward own aging. The PGCMS score was lower in ET cases than controls (9.41 +/- 3.21 vs. 10.39 +/- 2.92, P < 0.001), as were the Agitation subscore (3.17 +/- 1.71 vs. 3.78 +/- 1.67, P< 0.001) and Lonely Dissatisfaction subscore (3.75 +/- 1.34 vs. 4.02 +/- 1.24, P < 0.05). Nearly one-half of the ET cases were classified as having low morale compared with only one-third of controls (P = 0.006). In a linear regression analysis adjusting for demographic factors and multiple comorbid conditions, ET cases had a lower log PGCMS score than controls (P < 0.001). Exclusion of participants on antidepressant medication did not change the results. Our results indicate that morale is significantly lower in community-dwelling ET cases than in matched controls. This lower morale could in part be a proxy for mild, untreated depression. It therefore seems important to detect and then possibly treat this problem to improve the psychological well-being of patients with this disease.</div></front></TEI></pubmed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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