Progression of tremor and ataxia in male carriers of the FMRI premutation
Identifieur interne : 004104 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 004103; suivant : 004105Progression of tremor and ataxia in male carriers of the FMRI premutation
Auteurs : Maureen A. Leehey [États-Unis] ; Elizabeth Berry-Kravis [États-Unis] ; Sung-Joon Min [États-Unis] ; Deborah A. Hall [États-Unis] ; Cathlin D. Rice [États-Unis] ; LIN ZHANG [États-Unis] ; Jim Grigsby [États-Unis] ; Claudia M. Greco [États-Unis] ; Ann Reynolds [États-Unis] ; Rebecca Lara [États-Unis] ; Jennifer Cogswell [États-Unis] ; Sebastien Jacquemont [Suisse] ; David R. Hessl [États-Unis] ; Flora Tassone [États-Unis] ; Randi Hagerman [États-Unis] ; Paul J. Hagerman [États-Unis]Source :
- Movement disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2007.
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Abstract
Premutation alleles of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene give rise to a late-onset movement disorder, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), characterized by progressive intention tremor and gait ataxia, with associated dementia and global brain atrophy. The natural history of FXTAS is largely unknown. To address this issue, a family-based, retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted with a cohort of 55 male premutation carriers. Analysis of the progression of the major motor signs of FXTAS, tremor and ataxia, shows that tremor usually occurs first, with median onset at ∼60 years of age. From the onset of the initial motor sign, median delay of onset of ataxia was 2 years; onset of falls, 6 years; dependence on a walking aid, 15 years; and death, 21 years. Preliminary data on life expectancy are variable, with a range from 5 to 25 years.
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Progression of tremor and ataxia in male carriers of the FMRI premutation</title><author><name sortKey="Leehey, Maureen A" sort="Leehey, Maureen A" uniqKey="Leehey M" first="Maureen A." last="Leehey">Maureen A. Leehey</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Neurology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center (UCDHSC)</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berry Kravis, Elizabeth" sort="Berry Kravis, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Berry Kravis E" first="Elizabeth" last="Berry-Kravis">Elizabeth Berry-Kravis</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Neurological Sciences, Pediatrics, and Biochemistry, RUSH University Medical Center</s1><s2>Chicago, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Min, Sung Joon" sort="Min, Sung Joon" uniqKey="Min S" first="Sung-Joon" last="Min">Sung-Joon Min</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Medicine, UCDHSC</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Deborah A" sort="Hall, Deborah A" uniqKey="Hall D" first="Deborah A." last="Hall">Deborah A. Hall</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Neurology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center (UCDHSC)</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Cathlin D" sort="Rice, Cathlin D" uniqKey="Rice C" first="Cathlin D." last="Rice">Cathlin D. Rice</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Neurology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center (UCDHSC)</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin Zhang" sort="Lin Zhang" uniqKey="Lin Zhang" last="Lin Zhang">LIN ZHANG</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grigsby, Jim" sort="Grigsby, Jim" uniqKey="Grigsby J" first="Jim" last="Grigsby">Jim Grigsby</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Medicine, UCDHSC</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Greco, Claudia M" sort="Greco, Claudia M" uniqKey="Greco C" first="Claudia M." last="Greco">Claudia M. Greco</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Pathology, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reynolds, Ann" sort="Reynolds, Ann" uniqKey="Reynolds A" first="Ann" last="Reynolds">Ann Reynolds</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lara, Rebecca" sort="Lara, Rebecca" uniqKey="Lara R" first="Rebecca" last="Lara">Rebecca Lara</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Neurological Sciences, Pediatrics, and Biochemistry, RUSH University Medical Center</s1><s2>Chicago, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cogswell, Jennifer" sort="Cogswell, Jennifer" uniqKey="Cogswell J" first="Jennifer" last="Cogswell">Jennifer Cogswell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquemont, Sebastien" sort="Jacquemont, Sebastien" uniqKey="Jacquemont S" first="Sebastien" last="Jacquemont">Sebastien Jacquemont</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois</s1><s2>Lausanne</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hessl, David R" sort="Hessl, David R" uniqKey="Hessl D" first="David R." last="Hessl">David R. Hessl</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Psychiatry, University of California Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tassone, Flora" sort="Tassone, Flora" uniqKey="Tassone F" first="Flora" last="Tassone">Flora Tassone</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis School of Medicine</s1><s2>Davis, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagerman, Randi" sort="Hagerman, Randi" uniqKey="Hagerman R" first="Randi" last="Hagerman">Randi Hagerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagerman, Paul J" sort="Hagerman, Paul J" uniqKey="Hagerman P" first="Paul J." last="Hagerman">Paul J. Hagerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis School of Medicine</s1><s2>Davis, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">07-0133244</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 07-0133244 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:07-0133244</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">001808</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">001513</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">001514</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0885-3185:2007:Leehey M:progression:of:tremor</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">004104</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Progression of tremor and ataxia in male carriers of the FMRI premutation</title><author><name sortKey="Leehey, Maureen A" sort="Leehey, Maureen A" uniqKey="Leehey M" first="Maureen A." last="Leehey">Maureen A. Leehey</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Neurology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center (UCDHSC)</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berry Kravis, Elizabeth" sort="Berry Kravis, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Berry Kravis E" first="Elizabeth" last="Berry-Kravis">Elizabeth Berry-Kravis</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Neurological Sciences, Pediatrics, and Biochemistry, RUSH University Medical Center</s1><s2>Chicago, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Min, Sung Joon" sort="Min, Sung Joon" uniqKey="Min S" first="Sung-Joon" last="Min">Sung-Joon Min</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Medicine, UCDHSC</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Deborah A" sort="Hall, Deborah A" uniqKey="Hall D" first="Deborah A." last="Hall">Deborah A. Hall</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Neurology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center (UCDHSC)</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Cathlin D" sort="Rice, Cathlin D" uniqKey="Rice C" first="Cathlin D." last="Rice">Cathlin D. Rice</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Neurology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center (UCDHSC)</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin Zhang" sort="Lin Zhang" uniqKey="Lin Zhang" last="Lin Zhang">LIN ZHANG</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grigsby, Jim" sort="Grigsby, Jim" uniqKey="Grigsby J" first="Jim" last="Grigsby">Jim Grigsby</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Medicine, UCDHSC</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Greco, Claudia M" sort="Greco, Claudia M" uniqKey="Greco C" first="Claudia M." last="Greco">Claudia M. Greco</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Pathology, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reynolds, Ann" sort="Reynolds, Ann" uniqKey="Reynolds A" first="Ann" last="Reynolds">Ann Reynolds</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center</s1><s2>Denver, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lara, Rebecca" sort="Lara, Rebecca" uniqKey="Lara R" first="Rebecca" last="Lara">Rebecca Lara</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Neurological Sciences, Pediatrics, and Biochemistry, RUSH University Medical Center</s1><s2>Chicago, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cogswell, Jennifer" sort="Cogswell, Jennifer" uniqKey="Cogswell J" first="Jennifer" last="Cogswell">Jennifer Cogswell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquemont, Sebastien" sort="Jacquemont, Sebastien" uniqKey="Jacquemont S" first="Sebastien" last="Jacquemont">Sebastien Jacquemont</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois</s1><s2>Lausanne</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hessl, David R" sort="Hessl, David R" uniqKey="Hessl D" first="David R." last="Hessl">David R. Hessl</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Psychiatry, University of California Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tassone, Flora" sort="Tassone, Flora" uniqKey="Tassone F" first="Flora" last="Tassone">Flora Tassone</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis School of Medicine</s1><s2>Davis, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagerman, Randi" sort="Hagerman, Randi" uniqKey="Hagerman R" first="Randi" last="Hagerman">Randi Hagerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis Medical Center</s1><s2>Sacramento, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagerman, Paul J" sort="Hagerman, Paul J" uniqKey="Hagerman P" first="Paul J." last="Hagerman">Paul J. Hagerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis School of Medicine</s1><s2>Davis, California</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Movement disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mov. disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Movement disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mov. disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Ataxia</term><term>Carrier</term><term>Fragile X syndrome</term><term>Nervous system diseases</term><term>Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging</term><term>Tremor</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Système nerveux pathologie</term><term>Tremblement</term><term>Ataxie</term><term>X fragile syndrome</term><term>Porteur</term><term>Imagerie RMN</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Premutation alleles of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene give rise to a late-onset movement disorder, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), characterized by progressive intention tremor and gait ataxia, with associated dementia and global brain atrophy. The natural history of FXTAS is largely unknown. To address this issue, a family-based, retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted with a cohort of 55 male premutation carriers. Analysis of the progression of the major motor signs of FXTAS, tremor and ataxia, shows that tremor usually occurs first, with median onset at ∼60 years of age. From the onset of the initial motor sign, median delay of onset of ataxia was 2 years; onset of falls, 6 years; dependence on a walking aid, 15 years; and death, 21 years. Preliminary data on life expectancy are variable, with a range from 5 to 25 years.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Canton de Vaud</li><li>Colorado</li><li>Illinois</li></region><settlement><li>Lausanne</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Colorado"><name sortKey="Leehey, Maureen A" sort="Leehey, Maureen A" uniqKey="Leehey M" first="Maureen A." last="Leehey">Maureen A. Leehey</name></region><name sortKey="Berry Kravis, Elizabeth" sort="Berry Kravis, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Berry Kravis E" first="Elizabeth" last="Berry-Kravis">Elizabeth Berry-Kravis</name><name sortKey="Cogswell, Jennifer" sort="Cogswell, Jennifer" uniqKey="Cogswell J" first="Jennifer" last="Cogswell">Jennifer Cogswell</name><name sortKey="Greco, Claudia M" sort="Greco, Claudia M" uniqKey="Greco C" first="Claudia M." last="Greco">Claudia M. Greco</name><name sortKey="Grigsby, Jim" sort="Grigsby, Jim" uniqKey="Grigsby J" first="Jim" last="Grigsby">Jim Grigsby</name><name sortKey="Hagerman, Paul J" sort="Hagerman, Paul J" uniqKey="Hagerman P" first="Paul J." last="Hagerman">Paul J. Hagerman</name><name sortKey="Hagerman, Randi" sort="Hagerman, Randi" uniqKey="Hagerman R" first="Randi" last="Hagerman">Randi Hagerman</name><name sortKey="Hagerman, Randi" sort="Hagerman, Randi" uniqKey="Hagerman R" first="Randi" last="Hagerman">Randi Hagerman</name><name sortKey="Hall, Deborah A" sort="Hall, Deborah A" uniqKey="Hall D" first="Deborah A." last="Hall">Deborah A. Hall</name><name sortKey="Hessl, David R" sort="Hessl, David R" uniqKey="Hessl D" first="David R." last="Hessl">David R. Hessl</name><name sortKey="Hessl, David R" sort="Hessl, David R" uniqKey="Hessl D" first="David R." last="Hessl">David R. Hessl</name><name sortKey="Lara, Rebecca" sort="Lara, Rebecca" uniqKey="Lara R" first="Rebecca" last="Lara">Rebecca Lara</name><name sortKey="Lin Zhang" sort="Lin Zhang" uniqKey="Lin Zhang" last="Lin Zhang">LIN ZHANG</name><name sortKey="Min, Sung Joon" sort="Min, Sung Joon" uniqKey="Min S" first="Sung-Joon" last="Min">Sung-Joon Min</name><name sortKey="Reynolds, Ann" sort="Reynolds, Ann" uniqKey="Reynolds A" first="Ann" last="Reynolds">Ann Reynolds</name><name sortKey="Rice, Cathlin D" sort="Rice, Cathlin D" uniqKey="Rice C" first="Cathlin D." last="Rice">Cathlin D. Rice</name><name sortKey="Tassone, Flora" sort="Tassone, Flora" uniqKey="Tassone F" first="Flora" last="Tassone">Flora Tassone</name><name sortKey="Tassone, Flora" sort="Tassone, Flora" uniqKey="Tassone F" first="Flora" last="Tassone">Flora Tassone</name></country><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Vaud"><name sortKey="Jacquemont, Sebastien" sort="Jacquemont, Sebastien" uniqKey="Jacquemont S" first="Sebastien" last="Jacquemont">Sebastien Jacquemont</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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