Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus
Identifieur interne : 001798 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001797; suivant : 001799Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus
Auteurs : R. Hanajima ; Y. Terao ; S. Nakatani-Enomoto ; S. Okabe ; Y. Shirota ; S. Oominami ; H. Matsumoto ; S. Tsuji ; Y. UgawaSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2011-03.
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Abstract
Background:: Abnormally enhanced cortical rhythmic activities have been reported in patients with cortical myoclonus. We recently reported a new triad‐conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method to detect the intrinsic rhythms of the primary motor cortex (M1). Triad‐conditioning TMS revealed a 40‐Hz intrinsic rhythm of M1 in normal subjects. In this investigation, we study the motor cortical facilitation induced by rhythmic triple TMS pulses (triad‐conditioning TMS) in patients with cortical myoclonus. Methods:: Subjects were 7 patients with cortical myoclonus (28–74 years old) and 13 healthy volunteers (30–71 years old). Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at the intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various interstimulus intervals corresponding to 10–200 Hz. The resulting amplitudes of conditioned motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral hand muscle were compared with those evoked by the test stimulus alone. Results:: The facilitation at 25 ms (40 Hz) observed in normal subjects was absent in patients with cortical myoclonus. Instead, triad‐conditioning TMS induced facilitation at a 40 ms interval (25 Hz) in cortical myoclonus. Discussions:: This change in the timing of facilitation may be explained by a shift of the most preferential intrinsic rhythm of M1, or by some dysfunction in the interneuronal network in cortical myoclonus. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.23539
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Hanajima</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Terao, Y" sort="Terao, Y" uniqKey="Terao Y" first="Y." last="Terao">Y. Terao</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakatani Nomoto, S" sort="Nakatani Nomoto, S" uniqKey="Nakatani Nomoto S" first="S." last="Nakatani-Enomoto">S. 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Shirota</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oominami, S" sort="Oominami, S" uniqKey="Oominami S" first="S." last="Oominami">S. Oominami</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, H" sort="Matsumoto, H" uniqKey="Matsumoto H" first="H." last="Matsumoto">H. Matsumoto</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsuji, S" sort="Tsuji, S" uniqKey="Tsuji S" first="S." last="Tsuji">S. Tsuji</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ugawa, Y" sort="Ugawa, Y" uniqKey="Ugawa Y" first="Y." last="Ugawa">Y. Ugawa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-03">2011-03</date><biblScope unit="vol">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="685">685</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="690">690</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">1BBAB42D1C2160D11D8D0CBF882B610C3E1D94CD</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.23539</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS23539</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>beta band</term><term>cortical intrinsic rhythm</term><term>gamma band</term><term>motor evoked potentials</term><term>transcranial magnetic stimulation</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background:: Abnormally enhanced cortical rhythmic activities have been reported in patients with cortical myoclonus. We recently reported a new triad‐conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method to detect the intrinsic rhythms of the primary motor cortex (M1). Triad‐conditioning TMS revealed a 40‐Hz intrinsic rhythm of M1 in normal subjects. In this investigation, we study the motor cortical facilitation induced by rhythmic triple TMS pulses (triad‐conditioning TMS) in patients with cortical myoclonus. Methods:: Subjects were 7 patients with cortical myoclonus (28–74 years old) and 13 healthy volunteers (30–71 years old). Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at the intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various interstimulus intervals corresponding to 10–200 Hz. The resulting amplitudes of conditioned motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral hand muscle were compared with those evoked by the test stimulus alone. Results:: The facilitation at 25 ms (40 Hz) observed in normal subjects was absent in patients with cortical myoclonus. Instead, triad‐conditioning TMS induced facilitation at a 40 ms interval (25 Hz) in cortical myoclonus. Discussions:: This change in the timing of facilitation may be explained by a shift of the most preferential intrinsic rhythm of M1, or by some dysfunction in the interneuronal network in cortical myoclonus. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>R. Hanajima MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y. Terao MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Nakatani‐Enomoto MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string><json:string>Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Okabe MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y. Shirota MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Oominami MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. Matsumoto MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Tsuji MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y. Ugawa MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string><json:string>Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>transcranial magnetic stimulation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>motor evoked potentials</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cortical intrinsic rhythm</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>gamma band</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>beta band</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Background:: Abnormally enhanced cortical rhythmic activities have been reported in patients with cortical myoclonus. We recently reported a new triad‐conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method to detect the intrinsic rhythms of the primary motor cortex (M1). Triad‐conditioning TMS revealed a 40‐Hz intrinsic rhythm of M1 in normal subjects. In this investigation, we study the motor cortical facilitation induced by rhythmic triple TMS pulses (triad‐conditioning TMS) in patients with cortical myoclonus. Methods:: Subjects were 7 patients with cortical myoclonus (28–74 years old) and 13 healthy volunteers (30–71 years old). Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at the intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various interstimulus intervals corresponding to 10–200 Hz. The resulting amplitudes of conditioned motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral hand muscle were compared with those evoked by the test stimulus alone. Results:: The facilitation at 25 ms (40 Hz) observed in normal subjects was absent in patients with cortical myoclonus. Instead, triad‐conditioning TMS induced facilitation at a 40 ms interval (25 Hz) in cortical myoclonus. Discussions:: This change in the timing of facilitation may be explained by a shift of the most preferential intrinsic rhythm of M1, or by some dysfunction in the interneuronal network in cortical myoclonus. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.046</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 810 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1446</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3538</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>22215</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>209</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus</title><genre><json:string>Serial article</json:string></genre><host><volume>26</volume><pages><total>6</total><last>690</last><first>685</first></pages><issn><json:string>0885-3185</json:string></issn><issue>4</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Movement Disorders</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/mds.23539</json:string></doi><id>1BBAB42D1C2160D11D8D0CBF882B610C3E1D94CD</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1BBAB42D1C2160D11D8D0CBF882B610C3E1D94CD/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1BBAB42D1C2160D11D8D0CBF882B610C3E1D94CD/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/1BBAB42D1C2160D11D8D0CBF882B610C3E1D94CD/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader type="text"><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><p>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</p></availability><date>2011</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">*Relevant conflict of interest: Nothing to report. This work was supported in part by Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research No. 20591019(RH); No. 22390181 (YU) and No 22590954 (YT) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; the Research Committee on rTMS Treatment of Parkinson's Disease, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; the Research Committee on Dystonia, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; the Committee of the Study of Human Exposure to EMF, Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post and Telecommunications.Full financial disclosures and author roles can be found in the online version of this article.Author Roles: 1) Research project: A. Conception, B. Organization, C. Execution; 2) Statistical Analysis: A. Design, B. Execution, C. Review and Critique; 3) Manuscript: A. Writing of the first draft, B. Review and Critique. R Hanajima: 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B. Y Terao:2C, 3C. S Nakatani‐Enomoto: 1C 2B. S Okabe:1C ,Y Shirota: 1C, S Ohminami: 1C, H Matsumoto: 1C, S Tsuji: 2C, 3C. Y Ugawa: 2C, 3C.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus</title><author><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Hanajima</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence: Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113‐8655, Japan</p></note><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>Terao</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Nakatani‐Enomoto</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Okabe</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>Shirota</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Oominami</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Matsumoto</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Tsuji</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>Ugawa</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="pISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-03"></date><biblScope unit="vol">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="685">685</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="690">690</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">1BBAB42D1C2160D11D8D0CBF882B610C3E1D94CD</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.23539</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS23539</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background:: Abnormally enhanced cortical rhythmic activities have been reported in patients with cortical myoclonus. We recently reported a new triad‐conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method to detect the intrinsic rhythms of the primary motor cortex (M1). Triad‐conditioning TMS revealed a 40‐Hz intrinsic rhythm of M1 in normal subjects. In this investigation, we study the motor cortical facilitation induced by rhythmic triple TMS pulses (triad‐conditioning TMS) in patients with cortical myoclonus. Methods:: Subjects were 7 patients with cortical myoclonus (28–74 years old) and 13 healthy volunteers (30–71 years old). Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at the intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various interstimulus intervals corresponding to 10–200 Hz. The resulting amplitudes of conditioned motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral hand muscle were compared with those evoked by the test stimulus alone. Results:: The facilitation at 25 ms (40 Hz) observed in normal subjects was absent in patients with cortical myoclonus. Instead, triad‐conditioning TMS induced facilitation at a 40 ms interval (25 Hz) in cortical myoclonus. Discussions:: This change in the timing of facilitation may be explained by a shift of the most preferential intrinsic rhythm of M1, or by some dysfunction in the interneuronal network in cortical myoclonus. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>transcranial magnetic stimulation</term></item><item><term>motor evoked potentials</term></item><item><term>cortical intrinsic rhythm</term></item><item><term>gamma band</term></item><item><term>beta band</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Article category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-07-21">Received</change><change when="2010-10-25">Registration</change><change when="2011-03">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1BBAB42D1C2160D11D8D0CBF882B610C3E1D94CD/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</doi><issn type="print">0885-3185</issn><issn type="electronic">1531-8257</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MDS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MOVEMENT DISORDERS">Movement Disorders</title><title type="short">Mov. Disord.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="40"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.v26.4</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="26">26</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">4</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-03">March 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="200" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.23539</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MDS23539"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2010-07-21"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2010-10-21"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" 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number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="29"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="4231"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus<link href="#fn1"></link></title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Cortical Rhythmic Changes in Cortical Myoclonus</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>R.</givenNames><familyName>Hanajima</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="hanajima-tky@umin.ac.jp">hanajima‐tky@umin.ac.jp</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Y.</givenNames><familyName>Terao</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>Nakatani‐Enomoto</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>Okabe</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Y.</givenNames><familyName>Shirota</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>Oominami</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>H.</givenNames><familyName>Matsumoto</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>Tsuji</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au9" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Y.</givenNames><familyName>Ugawa</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">transcranial magnetic stimulation</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">motor evoked potentials</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">cortical intrinsic rhythm</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">gamma band</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">beta band</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="abs1-1"><title type="main">Background:</title><p>Abnormally enhanced cortical rhythmic activities have been reported in patients with cortical myoclonus. We recently reported a new triad‐conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method to detect the intrinsic rhythms of the primary motor cortex (M1). Triad‐conditioning TMS revealed a 40‐Hz intrinsic rhythm of M1 in normal subjects. In this investigation, we study the motor cortical facilitation induced by rhythmic triple TMS pulses (triad‐conditioning TMS) in patients with cortical myoclonus.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-2"><title type="main">Methods:</title><p>Subjects were 7 patients with cortical myoclonus (28–74 years old) and 13 healthy volunteers (30–71 years old). Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at the intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various interstimulus intervals corresponding to 10–200 Hz. The resulting amplitudes of conditioned motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral hand muscle were compared with those evoked by the test stimulus alone.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-3"><title type="main">Results:</title><p>The facilitation at 25 ms (40 Hz) observed in normal subjects was absent in patients with cortical myoclonus. Instead, triad‐conditioning TMS induced facilitation at a 40 ms interval (25 Hz) in cortical myoclonus.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-4"><title type="main">Discussions:</title><p>This change in the timing of facilitation may be explained by a shift of the most preferential intrinsic rhythm of M1, or by some dysfunction in the interneuronal network in cortical myoclonus. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p><b>Relevant conflict of interest:</b> Nothing to report. This work was supported in part by Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research No. 20591019(RH); No. 22390181 (YU) and No 22590954 (YT) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; the Research Committee on rTMS Treatment of Parkinson's Disease, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; the Research Committee on Dystonia, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; the Committee of the Study of Human Exposure to EMF, Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post and Telecommunications.</p><p>Full financial disclosures and author roles can be found in the online version of this article.</p><p>Author Roles: 1) Research project: A. Conception, B. Organization, C. Execution; 2) Statistical Analysis: A. Design, B. Execution, C. Review and Critique; 3) Manuscript: A. Writing of the first draft, B. Review and Critique. R Hanajima: 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B. Y Terao:2C, 3C. S Nakatani‐Enomoto: 1C 2B. S Okabe:1C ,Y Shirota: 1C, S Ohminami: 1C, H Matsumoto: 1C, S Tsuji: 2C, 3C. Y Ugawa: 2C, 3C.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><!--Version 0.6 générée le 4-12-2015--><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Cortical Rhythmic Changes in Cortical Myoclonus</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hanajima</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113‐8655, Japan</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Terao</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakatani‐Enomoto</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Okabe</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shirota</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Oominami</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Matsumoto</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tsuji</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ugawa</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre authority="originalCategForm">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-03</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-07-21</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-10-25</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="references">29</extent><extent unit="words">4231</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Background:: Abnormally enhanced cortical rhythmic activities have been reported in patients with cortical myoclonus. We recently reported a new triad‐conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method to detect the intrinsic rhythms of the primary motor cortex (M1). Triad‐conditioning TMS revealed a 40‐Hz intrinsic rhythm of M1 in normal subjects. In this investigation, we study the motor cortical facilitation induced by rhythmic triple TMS pulses (triad‐conditioning TMS) in patients with cortical myoclonus. Methods:: Subjects were 7 patients with cortical myoclonus (28–74 years old) and 13 healthy volunteers (30–71 years old). Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at the intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various interstimulus intervals corresponding to 10–200 Hz. The resulting amplitudes of conditioned motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral hand muscle were compared with those evoked by the test stimulus alone. Results:: The facilitation at 25 ms (40 Hz) observed in normal subjects was absent in patients with cortical myoclonus. Instead, triad‐conditioning TMS induced facilitation at a 40 ms interval (25 Hz) in cortical myoclonus. Discussions:: This change in the timing of facilitation may be explained by a shift of the most preferential intrinsic rhythm of M1, or by some dysfunction in the interneuronal network in cortical myoclonus. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><note type="content">*Relevant conflict of interest: Nothing to report. This work was supported in part by Research Project Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research No. 20591019(RH); No. 22390181 (YU) and No 22590954 (YT) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; the Research Committee on rTMS Treatment of Parkinson's Disease, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; the Research Committee on Dystonia, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; the Committee of the Study of Human Exposure to EMF, Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post and Telecommunications. Full financial disclosures and author roles can be found in the online version of this article. Author Roles: 1) Research project: A. Conception, B. Organization, C. Execution; 2) Statistical Analysis: A. Design, B. Execution, C. Review and Critique; 3) Manuscript: A. Writing of the first draft, B. Review and Critique. R Hanajima: 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B. Y Terao:2C, 3C. S Nakatani‐Enomoto: 1C 2B. S Okabe:1C ,Y Shirota: 1C, S Ohminami: 1C, H Matsumoto: 1C, S Tsuji: 2C, 3C. Y Ugawa: 2C, 3C.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>transcranial magnetic stimulation</topic><topic>motor evoked potentials</topic><topic>cortical intrinsic rhythm</topic><topic>gamma band</topic><topic>beta band</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. 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