Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study
Identifieur interne : 001112 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001111; suivant : 001113Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study
Auteurs : Bernardo Barahona-Corrêa ; Paulo Bugalho ; João Guimarães ; Miguel XavierSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2011-10.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical‐basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin‐treated and ‐untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross‐sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM‐IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores above cut‐off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene‐related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical‐basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.23906
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study</title><author><name sortKey="Barahona Orrea, Bernardo" sort="Barahona Orrea, Bernardo" uniqKey="Barahona Orrea B" first="Bernardo" last="Barahona-Corrêa">Bernardo Barahona-Corrêa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bugalho, Paulo" sort="Bugalho, Paulo" uniqKey="Bugalho P" first="Paulo" last="Bugalho">Paulo Bugalho</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hospital Egas Moniz, Department of Neurology, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guimaraes, Joao" sort="Guimaraes, Joao" uniqKey="Guimaraes J" first="João" last="Guimarães">João Guimarães</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>British Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xavier, Miguel" sort="Xavier, Miguel" uniqKey="Xavier M" first="Miguel" last="Xavier">Miguel Xavier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.23906</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001112</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study</title><author><name sortKey="Barahona Orrea, Bernardo" sort="Barahona Orrea, Bernardo" uniqKey="Barahona Orrea B" first="Bernardo" last="Barahona-Corrêa">Bernardo Barahona-Corrêa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bugalho, Paulo" sort="Bugalho, Paulo" uniqKey="Bugalho P" first="Paulo" last="Bugalho">Paulo Bugalho</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hospital Egas Moniz, Department of Neurology, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guimaraes, Joao" sort="Guimaraes, Joao" uniqKey="Guimaraes J" first="João" last="Guimarães">João Guimarães</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>British Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xavier, Miguel" sort="Xavier, Miguel" uniqKey="Xavier M" first="Miguel" last="Xavier">Miguel Xavier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-10">2011-10</date><biblScope unit="vol">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2274">2274</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2278">2278</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.23906</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS23906</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>blepharospasm</term><term>neuropsychiatry</term><term>obsessive‐compulsive disorder</term><term>spasmodic torticollis</term><term>writer's cramp</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical‐basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin‐treated and ‐untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross‐sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM‐IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores above cut‐off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene‐related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical‐basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Bernardo Barahona‐Corrêa MD</name><affiliations><json:string>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</json:string><json:string>Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Lisbon, Portugal</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paulo Bugalho MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Hospital Egas Moniz, Department of Neurology, Lisbon, Portugal</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>João Guimarães MD</name><affiliations><json:string>British Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Miguel Xavier PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>obsessive‐compulsive disorder</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>spasmodic torticollis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>blepharospasm</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>writer's cramp</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>neuropsychiatry</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical‐basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin‐treated and ‐untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross‐sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM‐IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores above cut‐off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene‐related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical‐basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.542</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 810 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>2160</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3042</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>21967</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>5</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>257</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study</title><genre><json:string>Serial article</json:string></genre><host><volume>26</volume><pages><total>5</total><last>2278</last><first>2274</first></pages><issn><json:string>0885-3185</json:string></issn><issue>12</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Movement Disorders</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/mds.23906</json:string></doi><id>DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader type="text"><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><p>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</p></availability><date>2011</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">*Funding agencies: This study was supported by a research grant from the Portuguese Neurological Society, sponsored by Novartis.</note><note type="content">*Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: Nothing to report.</note><note type="content">*Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Bernardo</forename><surname>Barahona‐Corrêa</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence: CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Calçada da Tapada, no. 155, 126, 1300 Lisboa, Portugal</p></note><affiliation>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation><affiliation>Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Paulo</forename><surname>Bugalho</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Hospital Egas Moniz, Department of Neurology, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">João</forename><surname>Guimarães</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>British Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Miguel</forename><surname>Xavier</surname><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="pISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-10"></date><biblScope unit="vol">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2274">2274</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2278">2278</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.23906</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS23906</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical‐basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin‐treated and ‐untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross‐sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM‐IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores above cut‐off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene‐related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical‐basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>obsessive‐compulsive disorder</term></item><item><term>spasmodic torticollis</term></item><item><term>blepharospasm</term></item><item><term>writer's cramp</term></item><item><term>neuropsychiatry</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Article category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-02-21">Received</change><change when="2011-07-15">Registration</change><change when="2011-10">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</doi><issn type="print">0885-3185</issn><issn type="electronic">1531-8257</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MDS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MOVEMENT DISORDERS">Movement Disorders</title><title type="short">Mov. 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Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical‐basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin‐treated and ‐untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross‐sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM‐IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores above cut‐off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene‐related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical‐basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn3"><p><b>Funding agencies</b>: This study was supported by a research grant from the Portuguese Neurological Society, sponsored by Novartis.</p></note><note xml:id="fn4"><p><b>Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures:</b> Nothing to report.</p></note><note xml:id="fn5"><p>Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><!--Version 0.6 générée le 3-12-2015--><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>OCS in Primary Focal Dystonia</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in primary focal dystonia: A controlled study</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bernardo</namePart><namePart type="family">Barahona‐Corrêa</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation><affiliation>Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation><description>Correspondence: CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Calçada da Tapada, no. 155, 126, 1300 Lisboa, Portugal</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paulo</namePart><namePart type="family">Bugalho</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Hospital Egas Moniz, Department of Neurology, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">João</namePart><namePart type="family">Guimarães</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>British Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Miguel</namePart><namePart type="family">Xavier</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre authority="originalCategForm">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-10</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2011-02-21</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2011-07-15</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="references">38</extent><extent unit="words">4975</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Primary focal dystonia is an idiopathic neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contraction. Its pathophysiology probably involves the basal ganglia and cortical‐basal pathways. Primary dystonia appears to be associated with significant obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, but evidence remains scarce and contradictory. We addressed the following research questions: (1) Do primary dystonia patients have high obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores? (2) Are these symptoms more severe in dystonia than in controls with equivalent peripheral neurological disorders? and (3) Is psychopathology different in botulinum toxin‐treated and ‐untreated dystonia patients? This work was a cross‐sectional, descriptive, controlled study comprising 45 consecutive patients with primary focal dystonia (i.e., blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, or writer's cramp) 46 consecutive patients with hemifacial spasm, cervical spondylarthropathy, or carpal tunnel syndrome, and 30 healthy volunteers. Assessment included the DSM‐IV based psychiatric interview, Symptom Checklist 90R, Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale and Checklist, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Dystonia patients had higher Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Symptom scores than both control groups. Dystonia patients with obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores above cut‐off for clinical significance predominantly developed hygiene‐related symptoms. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses in primary focal dystonia. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder frequency was 6.7%. Primary focal dystonia patients have higher obsessive‐compulsive symptom scores than individuals with similar functional disabilities resulting from other neurological disorders, suggesting that obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in dystonia are not reactive to chronic disability. Dystonic muscle contractions and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms may share a common neurobiological basis related to cortical‐basal dysfunction. Psychopathology, especially obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, should be actively explored and treated in primary focal dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><note type="content">*Funding agencies: This study was supported by a research grant from the Portuguese Neurological Society, sponsored by Novartis.</note><note type="content">*Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: Nothing to report.</note><note type="content">*Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>obsessive‐compulsive disorder</topic><topic>spasmodic torticollis</topic><topic>blepharospasm</topic><topic>writer's cramp</topic><topic>neuropsychiatry</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. Disord.</title></titleInfo><subject><genre>article category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0885-3185</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1531-8257</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">MDS</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>26</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2274</start><end>2278</end><total>5</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">DA39491495D6FFF7F94EF67B0F169F65F9A62DB1</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/mds.23906</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">MDS23906</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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