Association of SNCA with Parkinson: Replication in the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study
Identifieur interne : 000D71 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000D70; suivant : 000D72Association of SNCA with Parkinson: Replication in the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study
Auteurs : Hongliu Ding ; Alison K. Sarokhan ; Sarah S. Roderick ; Rachit Bakshi ; Nancy E. Maher ; Paymon Ashourian ; Caroline G. Kan ; Sunny Chang ; Andrea Santarlasci ; Kyleen E. Swords ; Bernard M. Ravina ; Michael T. Hayes ; U. Shivraj Sohur ; Anne-Marie Wills ; Alice W. Flaherty ; Vivek K. Unni ; Albert Y. Hung ; Dennis J. Selkoe ; Michael A. Schwarzschild ; Michael G. Schlossmacher ; Lewis R. Sudarsky ; John H. Growdon ; Adrian J. Ivinson ; Bradley T. Hyman ; Clemens R. ScherzerSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2011-10.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Background:: Mutations in the α‐synuclein gene (SNCA) cause autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson's disease, but the substantial risk conferred by this locus to the common sporadic disease has only recently emerged from genome‐wide association studies. Methods:: We genotyped a prioritized noncoding variant in SNCA intron 4 in 344 patients with Parkinson's disease and 275 controls from the longitudinal Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study. Results:: The common minor allele of rs2736990 was associated with elevated disease susceptibility (odds ratio, 1.40; P = .0032). Conclusions:: This result increases confidence in the notion that in many clinically well‐characterized patients, genetic variation in SNCA contributes to “sporadic” disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.23934
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Roderick, Sarah S" sort="Roderick, Sarah S" uniqKey="Roderick S" first="Sarah S." last="Roderick">Sarah S. Roderick</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Maher, Nancy E" sort="Maher, Nancy E" uniqKey="Maher N" first="Nancy E." last="Maher">Nancy E. Maher</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ashourian, Paymon" sort="Ashourian, Paymon" uniqKey="Ashourian P" first="Paymon" last="Ashourian">Paymon Ashourian</name>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Kan, Caroline G" sort="Kan, Caroline G" uniqKey="Kan C" first="Caroline G." last="Kan">Caroline G. Kan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chang, Sunny" sort="Chang, Sunny" uniqKey="Chang S" first="Sunny" last="Chang">Sunny Chang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Santarlasci, Andrea" sort="Santarlasci, Andrea" uniqKey="Santarlasci A" first="Andrea" last="Santarlasci">Andrea Santarlasci</name>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Swords, Kyleen E" sort="Swords, Kyleen E" uniqKey="Swords K" first="Kyleen E." last="Swords">Kyleen E. Swords</name>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Ravina, Bernard M" sort="Ravina, Bernard M" uniqKey="Ravina B" first="Bernard M." last="Ravina">Bernard M. Ravina</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hayes, Michael T" sort="Hayes, Michael T" uniqKey="Hayes M" first="Michael T." last="Hayes">Michael T. Hayes</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Flaherty, Alice W" sort="Flaherty, Alice W" uniqKey="Flaherty A" first="Alice W." last="Flaherty">Alice W. Flaherty</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Unni, Vivek K" sort="Unni, Vivek K" uniqKey="Unni V" first="Vivek K." last="Unni">Vivek K. Unni</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hung, Albert Y" sort="Hung, Albert Y" uniqKey="Hung A" first="Albert Y." last="Hung">Albert Y. Hung</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Selkoe, Dennis J" sort="Selkoe, Dennis J" uniqKey="Selkoe D" first="Dennis J." last="Selkoe">Dennis J. Selkoe</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Schwarzschild, Michael A" sort="Schwarzschild, Michael A" uniqKey="Schwarzschild M" first="Michael A." last="Schwarzschild">Michael A. Schwarzschild</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hyman, Bradley T" sort="Hyman, Bradley T" uniqKey="Hyman B" first="Bradley T." last="Hyman">Bradley T. Hyman</name>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Scherzer, Clemens R" sort="Scherzer, Clemens R" uniqKey="Scherzer C" first="Clemens R." last="Scherzer">Clemens R. Scherzer</name>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Association of SNCA with Parkinson: Replication in the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ding, Hongliu" sort="Ding, Hongliu" uniqKey="Ding H" first="Hongliu" last="Ding">Hongliu Ding</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Sarokhan, Alison K" sort="Sarokhan, Alison K" uniqKey="Sarokhan A" first="Alison K." last="Sarokhan">Alison K. Sarokhan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Roderick, Sarah S" sort="Roderick, Sarah S" uniqKey="Roderick S" first="Sarah S." last="Roderick">Sarah S. Roderick</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Bakshi, Rachit" sort="Bakshi, Rachit" uniqKey="Bakshi R" first="Rachit" last="Bakshi">Rachit Bakshi</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maher, Nancy E" sort="Maher, Nancy E" uniqKey="Maher N" first="Nancy E." last="Maher">Nancy E. Maher</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ashourian, Paymon" sort="Ashourian, Paymon" uniqKey="Ashourian P" first="Paymon" last="Ashourian">Paymon Ashourian</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kan, Caroline G" sort="Kan, Caroline G" uniqKey="Kan C" first="Caroline G." last="Kan">Caroline G. Kan</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, Sunny" sort="Chang, Sunny" uniqKey="Chang S" first="Sunny" last="Chang">Sunny Chang</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santarlasci, Andrea" sort="Santarlasci, Andrea" uniqKey="Santarlasci A" first="Andrea" last="Santarlasci">Andrea Santarlasci</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swords, Kyleen E" sort="Swords, Kyleen E" uniqKey="Swords K" first="Kyleen E." last="Swords">Kyleen E. Swords</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ravina, Bernard M" sort="Ravina, Bernard M" uniqKey="Ravina B" first="Bernard M." last="Ravina">Bernard M. Ravina</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Translational Neurology, Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayes, Michael T" sort="Hayes, Michael T" uniqKey="Hayes M" first="Michael T." last="Hayes">Michael T. Hayes</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sohur, U Shivraj" sort="Sohur, U Shivraj" uniqKey="Sohur U" first="U. Shivraj" last="Sohur">U. Shivraj Sohur</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wills, Anne Arie" sort="Wills, Anne Arie" uniqKey="Wills A" first="Anne-Marie" last="Wills">Anne-Marie Wills</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Flaherty, Alice W" sort="Flaherty, Alice W" uniqKey="Flaherty A" first="Alice W." last="Flaherty">Alice W. Flaherty</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Unni, Vivek K" sort="Unni, Vivek K" uniqKey="Unni V" first="Vivek K." last="Unni">Vivek K. Unni</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hung, Albert Y" sort="Hung, Albert Y" uniqKey="Hung A" first="Albert Y." last="Hung">Albert Y. Hung</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Selkoe, Dennis J" sort="Selkoe, Dennis J" uniqKey="Selkoe D" first="Dennis J." last="Selkoe">Dennis J. Selkoe</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwarzschild, Michael A" sort="Schwarzschild, Michael A" uniqKey="Schwarzschild M" first="Michael A." last="Schwarzschild">Michael A. Schwarzschild</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schlossmacher, Michael G" sort="Schlossmacher, Michael G" uniqKey="Schlossmacher M" first="Michael G." last="Schlossmacher">Michael G. Schlossmacher</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Sudarsky, Lewis R" sort="Sudarsky, Lewis R" uniqKey="Sudarsky L" first="Lewis R." last="Sudarsky">Lewis R. Sudarsky</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Growdon, John H" sort="Growdon, John H" uniqKey="Growdon J" first="John H." last="Growdon">John H. Growdon</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ivinson, Adrian J" sort="Ivinson, Adrian J" uniqKey="Ivinson A" first="Adrian J." last="Ivinson">Adrian J. Ivinson</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hyman, Bradley T" sort="Hyman, Bradley T" uniqKey="Hyman B" first="Bradley T." last="Hyman">Bradley T. Hyman</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scherzer, Clemens R" sort="Scherzer, Clemens R" uniqKey="Scherzer C" first="Clemens R." last="Scherzer">Clemens R. Scherzer</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno>
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<pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="2011-10">2011-10</date>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>GATA transcription factors</term>
<term>Parkinson's disease</term>
<term>biomarker</term>
<term>genome‐wide association study</term>
<term>α‐synuclein</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background:: Mutations in the α‐synuclein gene (SNCA) cause autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson's disease, but the substantial risk conferred by this locus to the common sporadic disease has only recently emerged from genome‐wide association studies. Methods:: We genotyped a prioritized noncoding variant in SNCA intron 4 in 344 patients with Parkinson's disease and 275 controls from the longitudinal Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study. Results:: The common minor allele of rs2736990 was associated with elevated disease susceptibility (odds ratio, 1.40; P = .0032). Conclusions:: This result increases confidence in the notion that in many clinically well‐characterized patients, genetic variation in SNCA contributes to “sporadic” disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</div>
</front>
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<author><json:item><name>Hongliu Ding MD, PhD, MPH</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Alison K. Sarokhan</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</json:string>
<json:string>Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Sarah S. Roderick</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Rachit Bakshi PhD</name>
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<abstract>Background:: Mutations in the α‐synuclein gene (SNCA) cause autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson's disease, but the substantial risk conferred by this locus to the common sporadic disease has only recently emerged from genome‐wide association studies. Methods:: We genotyped a prioritized noncoding variant in SNCA intron 4 in 344 patients with Parkinson's disease and 275 controls from the longitudinal Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study. Results:: The common minor allele of rs2736990 was associated with elevated disease susceptibility (odds ratio, 1.40; P = .0032). Conclusions:: This result increases confidence in the notion that in many clinically well‐characterized patients, genetic variation in SNCA contributes to “sporadic” disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</abstract>
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<notesStmt><note type="content">*Funding agencies: This study was funded by NIH grants R01 NS064155 (to C.R.S.), R21 NS060227 (to C.R.S.), K24 NS060991 (to M.A.S.), the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center (to C.R.S. and B.T.H.), the Michael J. Fox Foundation (grants to C.R.S., M.G.S., and J.H.G.), the M.E.M.O. Hoffman Foundation (to C.R.S.), and the RJG Foundation (to C.R.S.).</note>
<note type="content">*Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: Clemens R. Scherzer is a consultant for Link Medicine Corp and the Michael J. Fox Foundation and a scientific collaborator of DiaGenic and Pfizer. Alice W. Flaherty has a contract with Neurologix, Inc.</note>
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<author><persName><forename type="first">Nancy E.</forename>
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<author><persName><forename type="first">Bernard M.</forename>
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<keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">Parkinson's disease</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd2">α‐synuclein</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd3">GATA transcription factors</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd4">biomarker</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd5">genome‐wide association study</keyword>
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<abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title>
<section xml:id="abs1-1"><title type="main">Background:</title>
<p>Mutations in the α‐synuclein gene (<i>SNCA</i>
) cause autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson's disease, but the substantial risk conferred by this locus to the common sporadic disease has only recently emerged from genome‐wide association studies.</p>
</section>
<section xml:id="abs1-2"><title type="main">Methods:</title>
<p>We genotyped a prioritized noncoding variant in <i>SNCA</i>
intron 4 in 344 patients with Parkinson's disease and 275 controls from the longitudinal Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study.</p>
</section>
<section xml:id="abs1-3"><title type="main">Results:</title>
<p>The common minor allele of rs2736990 was associated with elevated disease susceptibility (odds ratio, 1.40; <i>P</i>
= .0032).</p>
</section>
<section xml:id="abs1-4"><title type="main">Conclusions:</title>
<p>This result increases confidence in the notion that in many clinically well‐characterized patients, genetic variation in <i>SNCA</i>
contributes to “sporadic” disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</p>
</section>
</abstract>
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<noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p><b>Funding agencies:</b>
This study was funded by NIH grants R01 NS064155 (to C.R.S.), R21 NS060227 (to C.R.S.), K24 NS060991 (to M.A.S.), the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center (to C.R.S. and B.T.H.), the Michael J. Fox Foundation (grants to C.R.S., M.G.S., and J.H.G.), the M.E.M.O. Hoffman Foundation (to C.R.S.), and the RJG Foundation (to C.R.S.).</p>
</note>
<note xml:id="fn2"><p><b>Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures:</b>
Clemens R. Scherzer is a consultant for Link Medicine Corp and the Michael J. Fox Foundation and a scientific collaborator of DiaGenic and Pfizer. Alice W. Flaherty has a contract with Neurologix, Inc.</p>
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<note xml:id="fn3"><p>Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article.</p>
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<abstract lang="en">Background:: Mutations in the α‐synuclein gene (SNCA) cause autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson's disease, but the substantial risk conferred by this locus to the common sporadic disease has only recently emerged from genome‐wide association studies. Methods:: We genotyped a prioritized noncoding variant in SNCA intron 4 in 344 patients with Parkinson's disease and 275 controls from the longitudinal Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study. Results:: The common minor allele of rs2736990 was associated with elevated disease susceptibility (odds ratio, 1.40; P = .0032). Conclusions:: This result increases confidence in the notion that in many clinically well‐characterized patients, genetic variation in SNCA contributes to “sporadic” disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</abstract>
<note type="content">*Funding agencies: This study was funded by NIH grants R01 NS064155 (to C.R.S.), R21 NS060227 (to C.R.S.), K24 NS060991 (to M.A.S.), the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center (to C.R.S. and B.T.H.), the Michael J. Fox Foundation (grants to C.R.S., M.G.S., and J.H.G.), the M.E.M.O. Hoffman Foundation (to C.R.S.), and the RJG Foundation (to C.R.S.).</note>
<note type="content">*Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: Clemens R. Scherzer is a consultant for Link Medicine Corp and the Michael J. Fox Foundation and a scientific collaborator of DiaGenic and Pfizer. Alice W. Flaherty has a contract with Neurologix, Inc.</note>
<note type="content">*Full financial disclosures and author roles may be found in the online version of this article.</note>
<subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre>
<topic>Parkinson's disease</topic>
<topic>α‐synuclein</topic>
<topic>GATA transcription factors</topic>
<topic>biomarker</topic>
<topic>genome‐wide association study</topic>
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<titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. Disord.</title>
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<topic>Brief Report</topic>
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<identifier type="ISSN">0885-3185</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1531-8257</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">MDS</identifier>
<part><date>2011</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>26</number>
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<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
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<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2011 Movement Disorder Society</accessCondition>
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