Contribution of Jules Froment to the study of Parkinsonian rigidity
Identifieur interne : 000B99 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000B98; suivant : 000C00Contribution of Jules Froment to the study of Parkinsonian rigidity
Auteurs : Emmanuel Broussolle ; Paul Krack ; Stéphane Thobois ; Jing Xie-Brustolin ; Pierre Pollak ; Christopher G. GoetzSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2007-05-15.
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Abstract
Rigidity is commonly defined as a resistance to passive movement. In Parkinson's disease (PD), two types of rigidity are classically recognized which may coexist, “leadpipe ” and “cogwheel”. Charcot was the first to investigate parkinsonian rigidity during the second half of the nineteenth century, whereas Negro and Moyer described cogwheel rigidity at the beginning of the twentieth century. Jules Froment, a French neurologist from Lyon, contributed to the study of parkinsonian rigidity during the 1920s. He investigated rigidity of the wrist at rest in a sitting position as well as in stable and unstable standing postures, both clinically and with physiological recordings using a myograph. With Gardère, Froment described enhanced resistance to passive movements of a limb about a joint that can be detected specifically when there is a voluntary action of another contralateral body part. This has been designated in the literature as the “Froment's maneuver ” and the activation or facilitation test. In addition, Froment showed that parkinsonian rigidity diminishes, vanishes, or enhances depending on the static posture of the body. He proposed that in PD “maintenance stabilization ” of the body is impaired and that “reactive stabilization ” becomes the operative mode of muscular tone control. He considered “rigidification ” as compensatory against the forces of gravity. Froment also demonstrated that parkinsonian rigidity increases during the Romberg test, gaze deviation, and oriented attention. In their number, breadth, and originality, Froment's contributions to the study of parkinsonian rigidity remain currently relevant to clinical and neurophysiological issues of PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.21484
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In Parkinson's disease (PD), two types of rigidity are classically recognized which may coexist, “leadpipe ” and “cogwheel”. Charcot was the first to investigate parkinsonian rigidity during the second half of the nineteenth century, whereas Negro and Moyer described cogwheel rigidity at the beginning of the twentieth century. Jules Froment, a French neurologist from Lyon, contributed to the study of parkinsonian rigidity during the 1920s. He investigated rigidity of the wrist at rest in a sitting position as well as in stable and unstable standing postures, both clinically and with physiological recordings using a myograph. With Gardère, Froment described enhanced resistance to passive movements of a limb about a joint that can be detected specifically when there is a voluntary action of another contralateral body part. This has been designated in the literature as the “Froment's maneuver ” and the activation or facilitation test. In addition, Froment showed that parkinsonian rigidity diminishes, vanishes, or enhances depending on the static posture of the body. He proposed that in PD “maintenance stabilization ” of the body is impaired and that “reactive stabilization ” becomes the operative mode of muscular tone control. He considered “rigidification ” as compensatory against the forces of gravity. Froment also demonstrated that parkinsonian rigidity increases during the Romberg test, gaze deviation, and oriented attention. In their number, breadth, and originality, Froment's contributions to the study of parkinsonian rigidity remain currently relevant to clinical and neurophysiological issues of PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Emmanuel Broussolle MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, France</json:string><json:string>Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France</json:string><json:string>INSERM U 864 Espace et Action, Bron, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paul Krack MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France</json:string><json:string>Département de Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpital Michallon, Grenoble, France</json:string><json:string>INSERM U318; Grenoble, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Stéphane Thobois MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, France</json:string><json:string>Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France</json:string><json:string>INSERM U 864 Espace et Action, Bron, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jing Xie‐Brustolin MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, France</json:string><json:string>Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France</json:string><json:string>INSERM U 864 Espace et Action, Bron, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Pierre Pollak MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France</json:string><json:string>Département de Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpital Michallon, Grenoble, France</json:string><json:string>INSERM U318; Grenoble, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Christopher G. Goetz MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Jules Foment</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>history</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>rigidity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cogwheel phenomenon</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Froment activation maneuver.</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Rigidity is commonly defined as a resistance to passive movement. In Parkinson's disease (PD), two types of rigidity are classically recognized which may coexist, “leadpipe ” and “cogwheel”. Charcot was the first to investigate parkinsonian rigidity during the second half of the nineteenth century, whereas Negro and Moyer described cogwheel rigidity at the beginning of the twentieth century. Jules Froment, a French neurologist from Lyon, contributed to the study of parkinsonian rigidity during the 1920s. He investigated rigidity of the wrist at rest in a sitting position as well as in stable and unstable standing postures, both clinically and with physiological recordings using a myograph. With Gardère, Froment described enhanced resistance to passive movements of a limb about a joint that can be detected specifically when there is a voluntary action of another contralateral body part. This has been designated in the literature as the “Froment's maneuver ” and the activation or facilitation test. In addition, Froment showed that parkinsonian rigidity diminishes, vanishes, or enhances depending on the static posture of the body. He proposed that in PD “maintenance stabilization ” of the body is impaired and that “reactive stabilization ” becomes the operative mode of muscular tone control. He considered “rigidification ” as compensatory against the forces of gravity. Froment also demonstrated that parkinsonian rigidity increases during the Romberg test, gaze deviation, and oriented attention. 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Grenoble, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Stéphane</forename><surname>Thobois</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U 864 Espace et Action, Bron, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Jing</forename><surname>Xie‐Brustolin</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U 864 Espace et Action, Bron, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Pierre</forename><surname>Pollak</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département de Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpital Michallon, Grenoble, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U318; 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Charcot was the first to investigate parkinsonian rigidity during the second half of the nineteenth century, whereas Negro and Moyer described cogwheel rigidity at the beginning of the twentieth century. Jules Froment, a French neurologist from Lyon, contributed to the study of parkinsonian rigidity during the 1920s. He investigated rigidity of the wrist at rest in a sitting position as well as in stable and unstable standing postures, both clinically and with physiological recordings using a myograph. With Gardère, Froment described enhanced resistance to passive movements of a limb about a joint that can be detected specifically when there is a voluntary action of another contralateral body part. This has been designated in the literature as the “Froment's maneuver ” and the activation or facilitation test. In addition, Froment showed that parkinsonian rigidity diminishes, vanishes, or enhances depending on the static posture of the body. He proposed that in PD “maintenance stabilization ” of the body is impaired and that “reactive stabilization ” becomes the operative mode of muscular tone control. He considered “rigidification ” as compensatory against the forces of gravity. Froment also demonstrated that parkinsonian rigidity increases during the Romberg test, gaze deviation, and oriented attention. In their number, breadth, and originality, Froment's contributions to the study of parkinsonian rigidity remain currently relevant to clinical and neurophysiological issues of PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Jules Foment</term></item><item><term>history</term></item><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item><item><term>rigidity</term></item><item><term>cogwheel phenomenon</term></item><item><term>Froment activation maneuver.</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Article category</head><item><term>Historical Review</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2007-01-31">Received</change><change when="2007-03-03">Registration</change><change when="2007-05-15">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F5709FF350BF5867BE741F17A272698D8457533C/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</doi><issn type="print">0885-3185</issn><issn type="electronic">1531-8257</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MDS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MOVEMENT DISORDERS">Movement Disorders</title><title type="short">Mov. Disord.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="70"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.v22:7</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="22">22</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">7</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2007-05-15">15 May 2007</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="reviewArticle" position="10" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.21484</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MDS21484"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Historical Review</title><title type="tocHeading1">Historical Review</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2007 Movement Disorder Society</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2007-01-31"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2007-02-22"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2007-03-03"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2007-04-18"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2007-04-18"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2007-05-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.16 mode:FullText" date="2010-08-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">909</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">914</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Department of Neurology C, The Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Lyon‐Bron, France</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MDS.MDS21484.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="5"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="32"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="4282"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Contribution of Jules Froment to the study of Parkinsonian rigidity</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Froment and his Study on Parkinsonian Rigidity</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2 #af3" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Emmanuel</givenNames><familyName>Broussolle</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="emmanuel.broussolle@chu-lyon.fr">emmanuel.broussolle@chu‐lyon.fr</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4 #af5 #af6"><personName><givenNames>Paul</givenNames><familyName>Krack</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2 #af3"><personName><givenNames>Stéphane</givenNames><familyName>Thobois</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2 #af3"><personName><givenNames>Jing</givenNames><familyName>Xie‐Brustolin</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4 #af5 #af6"><personName><givenNames>Pierre</givenNames><familyName>Pollak</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af7"><personName><givenNames>Christopher G.</givenNames><familyName>Goetz</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>INSERM U 864 Espace et Action, Bron, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Département de Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpital Michallon, Grenoble, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af6" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>INSERM U318; Grenoble, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af7" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">Jules Foment</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">history</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">Parkinson's disease</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">rigidity</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">cogwheel phenomenon</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">Froment activation maneuver.</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Rigidity is commonly defined as a resistance to passive movement. In Parkinson's disease (PD), two types of rigidity are classically recognized which may coexist, “leadpipe ” and “cogwheel”. Charcot was the first to investigate parkinsonian rigidity during the second half of the nineteenth century, whereas Negro and Moyer described cogwheel rigidity at the beginning of the twentieth century. Jules Froment, a French neurologist from Lyon, contributed to the study of parkinsonian rigidity during the 1920s. He investigated rigidity of the wrist at rest in a sitting position as well as in stable and unstable standing postures, both clinically and with physiological recordings using a myograph. With Gardère, Froment described enhanced resistance to passive movements of a limb about a joint that can be detected specifically when there is a voluntary action of another contralateral body part. This has been designated in the literature as the “Froment's maneuver ” and the activation or facilitation test. In addition, Froment showed that parkinsonian rigidity diminishes, vanishes, or enhances depending on the static posture of the body. He proposed that in PD “maintenance stabilization ” of the body is impaired and that “reactive stabilization ” becomes the operative mode of muscular tone control. He considered “rigidification ” as compensatory against the forces of gravity. Froment also demonstrated that parkinsonian rigidity increases during the Romberg test, gaze deviation, and oriented attention. In their number, breadth, and originality, Froment's contributions to the study of parkinsonian rigidity remain currently relevant to clinical and neurophysiological issues of PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><!--Version 0.6 générée le 4-12-2015--><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Contribution of Jules Froment to the study of Parkinsonian rigidity</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Froment and his Study on Parkinsonian Rigidity</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Contribution of Jules Froment to the study of Parkinsonian rigidity</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Emmanuel</namePart><namePart type="family">Broussolle</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U 864 Espace et Action, Bron, France</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Department of Neurology C, The Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Lyon‐Bron, France</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paul</namePart><namePart type="family">Krack</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département de Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpital Michallon, Grenoble, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U318; Grenoble, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stéphane</namePart><namePart type="family">Thobois</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U 864 Espace et Action, Bron, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jing</namePart><namePart type="family">Xie‐Brustolin</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U 864 Espace et Action, Bron, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pierre</namePart><namePart type="family">Pollak</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France</affiliation><affiliation>Département de Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpital Michallon, Grenoble, France</affiliation><affiliation>INSERM U318; Grenoble, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Christopher G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Goetz</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre authority="originalCategForm">reviewArticle</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2007-05-15</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2007-01-31</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2007-03-03</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">5</extent><extent unit="references">32</extent><extent unit="words">4282</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Rigidity is commonly defined as a resistance to passive movement. In Parkinson's disease (PD), two types of rigidity are classically recognized which may coexist, “leadpipe ” and “cogwheel”. Charcot was the first to investigate parkinsonian rigidity during the second half of the nineteenth century, whereas Negro and Moyer described cogwheel rigidity at the beginning of the twentieth century. Jules Froment, a French neurologist from Lyon, contributed to the study of parkinsonian rigidity during the 1920s. He investigated rigidity of the wrist at rest in a sitting position as well as in stable and unstable standing postures, both clinically and with physiological recordings using a myograph. With Gardère, Froment described enhanced resistance to passive movements of a limb about a joint that can be detected specifically when there is a voluntary action of another contralateral body part. This has been designated in the literature as the “Froment's maneuver ” and the activation or facilitation test. In addition, Froment showed that parkinsonian rigidity diminishes, vanishes, or enhances depending on the static posture of the body. He proposed that in PD “maintenance stabilization ” of the body is impaired and that “reactive stabilization ” becomes the operative mode of muscular tone control. He considered “rigidification ” as compensatory against the forces of gravity. Froment also demonstrated that parkinsonian rigidity increases during the Romberg test, gaze deviation, and oriented attention. In their number, breadth, and originality, Froment's contributions to the study of parkinsonian rigidity remain currently relevant to clinical and neurophysiological issues of PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Jules Foment</topic><topic>history</topic><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic><topic>rigidity</topic><topic>cogwheel phenomenon</topic><topic>Froment activation maneuver.</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. 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