MersV1, PubMed, Curation, bibRecord, 000E25

Systematic, active surveillance for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camels in Egypt.

Identifieur interne : 000E25 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000E24; suivant : 000E26

Systematic, active surveillance for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camels in Egypt.

Auteurs : Mohamed A. Ali [Égypte] ; Mahmoud M. Shehata [Égypte] ; Mokhtar R. Gomaa [Égypte] ; Ahmed Kandeil [Égypte] ; Rabeh El-Shesheny [Égypte] ; Ahmed S. Kayed [Égypte] ; Ahmed N. El-Taweel [Égypte] ; Mohamed Atea [Égypte] ; Nagla Hassan [Égypte] ; Ola Bagato [Égypte] ; Yassmin Moatasim [Égypte] ; Sara H. Mahmoud [Égypte] ; Omnia Kutkat [Égypte] ; Asmaa M. Maatouq [Égypte] ; Ahmed Osman [Égypte] ; Pamela P. Mckenzie [États-Unis] ; Richard J. Webby [États-Unis] ; Ghazi Kayali [États-Unis]

Source :

Emerging microbes & infections [ 2222-1751 ] ; 2017.

RBID : pubmed:28050021

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- ARN viral (analyse), Animaux, Anticorps antiviraux (sang), Bovins, Chameaux (virologie), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (immunologie), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification), Femelle, Flambées de maladies, Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic), Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Liquides biologiques (virologie), Muqueuse nasale (virologie), Mâle, RT-PCR, Rectum (virologie), Techniques de diagnostic moléculaire, Tests sérologiques, Égypte (épidémiologie), Épidémiosurveillance, Études séroépidémiologiques.
MESH :
- analyse : ARN viral.
- diagnostic : Infections à coronavirus.
- génétique : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- immunologie : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- isolement et purification : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- médecine vétérinaire : Infections à coronavirus.
- sang : Anticorps antiviraux.
- virologie : Chameaux, Liquides biologiques, Muqueuse nasale, Rectum.
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Égypte.
- Animaux, Bovins, Femelle, Flambées de maladies, Mâle, RT-PCR, Techniques de diagnostic moléculaire, Tests sérologiques, Épidémiosurveillance, Études séroépidémiologiques.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral (blood), Body Fluids (virology), Camelus (virology), Cattle, Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (veterinary), Disease Outbreaks, Egypt (epidemiology), Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Male, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (immunology), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification), Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Nasal Mucosa (virology), RNA, Viral (analysis), Rectum (virology), Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Serologic Tests.
MESH :
- chemical , analysis : RNA, Viral.
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Viral.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Egypt.
- genetics : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- immunology : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- isolation & purification : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- veterinary : Coronavirus Infections.
- virology : Body Fluids, Camelus, Nasal Mucosa, Rectum.
- Animals, Cattle, Disease Outbreaks, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Male, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Serologic Tests.

Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe human infections and dromedary camels are considered an intermediary host. The dynamics of natural infection in camels are not well understood. Through systematic surveillance in Egypt, nasal, rectal, milk, urine and serum samples were collected from camels between June 2014 and February 2016. Locations included quarantines, markets, abattoirs, free-roaming herds and farmed breeding herds. The overall seroprevalence was 71% and RNA detection rate was 15%. Imported camels had higher seroprevalence (90% vs 61%) and higher RT-PCR detection rates (21% vs 12%) than locally raised camels. Juveniles had lower seroprevalence than adults (37% vs 82%) but similar RT-PCR detection rates (16% vs 15%). An outbreak in a breeding herd, showed that antibodies rapidly wane, that camels become re-infected, and that outbreaks in a herd are sustained for an extended time. Maternal antibodies titers were very low in calves regardless of the antibody titers of the mothers. Our results support the hypothesis that camels are a reservoir for MERS-CoV and that camel trade is an important route of introducing the virus into importing countries. Findings related to waning antibodies and re-infection have implications for camel vaccine development, disease management and zoonotic threat.

DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.130
PubMed: 28050021

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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Bagato, Ola" sort="Bagato, Ola" uniqKey="Bagato O" first="Ola" last="Bagato">Ola Bagato</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Moatasim, Yassmin" sort="Moatasim, Yassmin" uniqKey="Moatasim Y" first="Yassmin" last="Moatasim">Yassmin Moatasim</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J" last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kayali, Ghazi" sort="Kayali, Ghazi" uniqKey="Kayali G" first="Ghazi" last="Kayali">Ghazi Kayali</name>
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<author><name sortKey="El Taweel, Ahmed N" sort="El Taweel, Ahmed N" uniqKey="El Taweel A" first="Ahmed N" last="El-Taweel">Ahmed N. El-Taweel</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Atea, Mohamed" sort="Atea, Mohamed" uniqKey="Atea M" first="Mohamed" last="Atea">Mohamed Atea</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hassan, Nagla" sort="Hassan, Nagla" uniqKey="Hassan N" first="Nagla" last="Hassan">Nagla Hassan</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>General Organization of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza 11772</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Bagato, Ola" sort="Bagato, Ola" uniqKey="Bagato O" first="Ola" last="Bagato">Ola Bagato</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moatasim, Yassmin" sort="Moatasim, Yassmin" uniqKey="Moatasim Y" first="Yassmin" last="Moatasim">Yassmin Moatasim</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Mahmoud, Sara H" sort="Mahmoud, Sara H" uniqKey="Mahmoud S" first="Sara H" last="Mahmoud">Sara H. Mahmoud</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Kutkat, Omnia" sort="Kutkat, Omnia" uniqKey="Kutkat O" first="Omnia" last="Kutkat">Omnia Kutkat</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Maatouq, Asmaa M" sort="Maatouq, Asmaa M" uniqKey="Maatouq A" first="Asmaa M" last="Maatouq">Asmaa M. Maatouq</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osman, Ahmed" sort="Osman, Ahmed" uniqKey="Osman A" first="Ahmed" last="Osman">Ahmed Osman</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 38105</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Pamela P" sort="Mckenzie, Pamela P" uniqKey="Mckenzie P" first="Pamela P" last="Mckenzie">Pamela P. Mckenzie</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J" last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 77030</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kayali, Ghazi" sort="Kayali, Ghazi" uniqKey="Kayali G" first="Ghazi" last="Kayali">Ghazi Kayali</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030</wicri:regionArea>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Antibodies, Viral (blood)</term>
<term>Body Fluids (virology)</term>
<term>Camelus (virology)</term>
<term>Cattle</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (veterinary)</term>
<term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Egypt (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Epidemiological Monitoring</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term>
<term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (immunology)</term>
<term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Molecular Diagnostic Techniques</term>
<term>Nasal Mucosa (virology)</term>
<term>RNA, Viral (analysis)</term>
<term>Rectum (virology)</term>
<term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</term>
<term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term>
<term>Serologic Tests</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN viral (analyse)</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Anticorps antiviraux (sang)</term>
<term>Bovins</term>
<term>Chameaux (virologie)</term>
<term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique)</term>
<term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (immunologie)</term>
<term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Flambées de maladies</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Liquides biologiques (virologie)</term>
<term>Muqueuse nasale (virologie)</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>RT-PCR</term>
<term>Rectum (virologie)</term>
<term>Techniques de diagnostic moléculaire</term>
<term>Tests sérologiques</term>
<term>Égypte (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Épidémiosurveillance</term>
<term>Études séroépidémiologiques</term>
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<term>Egypt</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term>
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<term>Liquides biologiques</term>
<term>Muqueuse nasale</term>
<term>Rectum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Body Fluids</term>
<term>Camelus</term>
<term>Nasal Mucosa</term>
<term>Rectum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Égypte</term>
</keywords>
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<term>Cattle</term>
<term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Epidemiological Monitoring</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Molecular Diagnostic Techniques</term>
<term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</term>
<term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term>
<term>Serologic Tests</term>
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<term>Bovins</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Flambées de maladies</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>RT-PCR</term>
<term>Techniques de diagnostic moléculaire</term>
<term>Tests sérologiques</term>
<term>Épidémiosurveillance</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe human infections and dromedary camels are considered an intermediary host. The dynamics of natural infection in camels are not well understood. Through systematic surveillance in Egypt, nasal, rectal, milk, urine and serum samples were collected from camels between June 2014 and February 2016. Locations included quarantines, markets, abattoirs, free-roaming herds and farmed breeding herds. The overall seroprevalence was 71% and RNA detection rate was 15%. Imported camels had higher seroprevalence (90% vs 61%) and higher RT-PCR detection rates (21% vs 12%) than locally raised camels. Juveniles had lower seroprevalence than adults (37% vs 82%) but similar RT-PCR detection rates (16% vs 15%). An outbreak in a breeding herd, showed that antibodies rapidly wane, that camels become re-infected, and that outbreaks in a herd are sustained for an extended time. Maternal antibodies titers were very low in calves regardless of the antibody titers of the mothers. Our results support the hypothesis that camels are a reservoir for MERS-CoV and that camel trade is an important route of introducing the virus into importing countries. Findings related to waning antibodies and re-infection have implications for camel vaccine development, disease management and zoonotic threat.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2222-1751</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>6</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>Jan</Month>
<Day>04</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Emerging microbes & infections</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Emerg Microbes Infect</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Systematic, active surveillance for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camels in Egypt.</ArticleTitle>
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</Pagination>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe human infections and dromedary camels are considered an intermediary host. The dynamics of natural infection in camels are not well understood. Through systematic surveillance in Egypt, nasal, rectal, milk, urine and serum samples were collected from camels between June 2014 and February 2016. Locations included quarantines, markets, abattoirs, free-roaming herds and farmed breeding herds. The overall seroprevalence was 71% and RNA detection rate was 15%. Imported camels had higher seroprevalence (90% vs 61%) and higher RT-PCR detection rates (21% vs 12%) than locally raised camels. Juveniles had lower seroprevalence than adults (37% vs 82%) but similar RT-PCR detection rates (16% vs 15%). An outbreak in a breeding herd, showed that antibodies rapidly wane, that camels become re-infected, and that outbreaks in a herd are sustained for an extended time. Maternal antibodies titers were very low in calves regardless of the antibody titers of the mothers. Our results support the hypothesis that camels are a reservoir for MERS-CoV and that camel trade is an important route of introducing the virus into importing countries. Findings related to waning antibodies and re-infection have implications for camel vaccine development, disease management and zoonotic threat.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ali</LastName>
<ForeName>Mohamed A</ForeName>
<Initials>MA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shehata</LastName>
<ForeName>Mahmoud M</ForeName>
<Initials>MM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gomaa</LastName>
<ForeName>Mokhtar R</ForeName>
<Initials>MR</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kandeil</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>El-Shesheny</LastName>
<ForeName>Rabeh</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kayed</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed S</ForeName>
<Initials>AS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<ForeName>Mohamed</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General Organization of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza 11772, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<ForeName>Nagla</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General Organization of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza 11772, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<ForeName>Ola</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moatasim</LastName>
<ForeName>Yassmin</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mahmoud</LastName>
<ForeName>Sara H</ForeName>
<Initials>SH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kutkat</LastName>
<ForeName>Omnia</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maatouq</LastName>
<ForeName>Asmaa M</ForeName>
<Initials>AM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Osman</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 38105, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McKenzie</LastName>
<ForeName>Pamela P</ForeName>
<Initials>PP</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 77030, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Webby</LastName>
<ForeName>Richard J</ForeName>
<Initials>RJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 77030, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kayali</LastName>
<ForeName>Ghazi</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Human Link, Baabda 1107-2090, Lebanon.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>HHSN272201400006C</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>04</Day>
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<ISSNLinking>2222-1751</ISSNLinking>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002417" MajorTopicYN="N">Cattle</DescriptorName>
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</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065207" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</DescriptorName>
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</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D025202" MajorTopicYN="Y">Molecular Diagnostic Techniques</DescriptorName>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012007" MajorTopicYN="N">Rectum</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020133" MajorTopicYN="N">Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012698" MajorTopicYN="Y">Serologic Tests</DescriptorName>
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Systematic, active surveillance for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camels in Egypt.

Systematic, active surveillance for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camels in Egypt.

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