No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013.
Identifieur interne : 000C23 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000C22; suivant : 000C24No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013.
Auteurs : Peninah Munyua [Kenya] ; Victor Max Corman [Allemagne] ; Austine Bitek [Kenya] ; Eric Osoro [Kenya] ; Benjamin Meyer [Allemagne] ; Marcel A. Müller [Allemagne] ; Erik Lattwein [Allemagne] ; S M Thumbi [États-Unis] ; Rees Murithi [Kenya] ; Marc-Alain Widdowson [Kenya] ; Christian Drosten [Allemagne] ; M Kariuki Njenga [États-Unis]Source :
- The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene [ 1476-1645 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Agriculteurs, Animaux, Anticorps antiviraux (sang), Chameaux (virologie), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification), Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Humains, Immunoglobuline G (sang), Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic), Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire), Infections à coronavirus (transmission), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Jeune adulte, Kenya (épidémiologie), Mâle, Prévalence, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (médecine vétérinaire), Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (virologie), Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Études séroépidémiologiques, Études transversales.
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Infections à coronavirus.
- isolement et purification : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- médecine vétérinaire : Infections à coronavirus, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes.
- sang : Anticorps antiviraux, Immunoglobuline G.
- virologie : Chameaux, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes.
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Kenya.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Agriculteurs, Animaux, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Prévalence, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Études séroépidémiologiques, Études transversales.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Antibodies, Viral (blood), Camelus (virology), Child, Child, Preschool, Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (transmission), Coronavirus Infections (veterinary), Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Reservoirs (veterinary), Disease Reservoirs (virology), Farmers, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G (blood), Kenya (epidemiology), Male, Middle Aged, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification), Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Young Adult.
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Viral, Immunoglobulin G.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Kenya.
- isolation & purification : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- transmission : Coronavirus Infections.
- veterinary : Coronavirus Infections, Disease Reservoirs.
- virology : Camelus, Disease Reservoirs.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Farmers, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Young Adult.
Abstract
AbstractHigh seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among camels has been reported in Kenya and other countries in Africa. To date, the only report of MERS-CoV seropositivity among humans in Kenya is of two livestock keepers with no known contact with camels. We assessed whether persons exposed to seropositive camels at household level had serological evidence of infection. In 2013, 760 human and 879 camel sera were collected from 275 and 85 households respectively in Marsabit County. Data on human and animal demographics and type of contact with camels were collected. Human and camel sera were tested for anti-MERS-CoV IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Human samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The median age of persons sampled was 30 years (range: 5-90) and 50% were males. A quarter (197/760) of the participants reported having had contact with camels defined as milking, feeding, watering, slaughtering, or herding. Of the human sera, 18 (2.4%) were positive on ELISA but negative by PRNT. Of the camel sera, 791 (90%) were positive on ELISA. On univariate analysis, higher prevalence was observed in female and older camels over 4 years of age (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only age remained significantly associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Despite high seroprevalence among camels, there was no serological confirmation of MERS-CoV infection among camel pastoralists in Marsabit County. The high seropositivity suggests that MERS-CoV or other closely related virus continues to circulate in camels and highlights ongoing potential for animal-to-human transmission.
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0880
PubMed: 28719257
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Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Paul G. 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Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lattwein, Erik" sort="Lattwein, Erik" uniqKey="Lattwein E" first="Erik" last="Lattwein">Erik Lattwein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thumbi, S M" sort="Thumbi, S M" uniqKey="Thumbi S" first="S M" last="Thumbi">S M Thumbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murithi, Rees" sort="Murithi, Rees" uniqKey="Murithi R" first="Rees" last="Murithi">Rees Murithi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Department of Veterinary Services; Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>State Department of Veterinary Services; Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Widdowson, Marc Alain" sort="Widdowson, Marc Alain" uniqKey="Widdowson M" first="Marc-Alain" last="Widdowson">Marc-Alain Widdowson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Global Disease Detection Program, Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Disease Detection Program, Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Njenga, M Kariuki" sort="Njenga, M Kariuki" uniqKey="Njenga M" first="M Kariuki" last="Njenga">M Kariuki Njenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-1645</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Animals</term><term>Antibodies, Viral (blood)</term><term>Camelus (virology)</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Disease Reservoirs (veterinary)</term><term>Disease Reservoirs (virology)</term><term>Farmers</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Immunoglobulin G (blood)</term><term>Kenya (epidemiology)</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Agriculteurs</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Anticorps antiviraux (sang)</term><term>Chameaux (virologie)</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification)</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Immunoglobuline G (sang)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (transmission)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Kenya (épidémiologie)</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (virologie)</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Études séroépidémiologiques</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Viral</term><term>Immunoglobulin G</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Kenya</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term><term>Immunoglobuline G</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chameaux</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Kenya</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Animals</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Farmers</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Agriculteurs</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Études séroépidémiologiques</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">AbstractHigh seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among camels has been reported in Kenya and other countries in Africa. To date, the only report of MERS-CoV seropositivity among humans in Kenya is of two livestock keepers with no known contact with camels. We assessed whether persons exposed to seropositive camels at household level had serological evidence of infection. In 2013, 760 human and 879 camel sera were collected from 275 and 85 households respectively in Marsabit County. Data on human and animal demographics and type of contact with camels were collected. Human and camel sera were tested for anti-MERS-CoV IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Human samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The median age of persons sampled was 30 years (range: 5-90) and 50% were males. A quarter (197/760) of the participants reported having had contact with camels defined as milking, feeding, watering, slaughtering, or herding. Of the human sera, 18 (2.4%) were positive on ELISA but negative by PRNT. Of the camel sera, 791 (90%) were positive on ELISA. On univariate analysis, higher prevalence was observed in female and older camels over 4 years of age (<i>P</i> < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only age remained significantly associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Despite high seroprevalence among camels, there was no serological confirmation of MERS-CoV infection among camel pastoralists in Marsabit County. The high seropositivity suggests that MERS-CoV or other closely related virus continues to circulate in camels and highlights ongoing potential for animal-to-human transmission.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28719257</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>23</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>12</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1476-1645</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>96</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>Jun</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1318-1324</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.4269/ajtmh.16-0880</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>AbstractHigh seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among camels has been reported in Kenya and other countries in Africa. To date, the only report of MERS-CoV seropositivity among humans in Kenya is of two livestock keepers with no known contact with camels. We assessed whether persons exposed to seropositive camels at household level had serological evidence of infection. In 2013, 760 human and 879 camel sera were collected from 275 and 85 households respectively in Marsabit County. Data on human and animal demographics and type of contact with camels were collected. Human and camel sera were tested for anti-MERS-CoV IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Human samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The median age of persons sampled was 30 years (range: 5-90) and 50% were males. A quarter (197/760) of the participants reported having had contact with camels defined as milking, feeding, watering, slaughtering, or herding. Of the human sera, 18 (2.4%) were positive on ELISA but negative by PRNT. Of the camel sera, 791 (90%) were positive on ELISA. On univariate analysis, higher prevalence was observed in female and older camels over 4 years of age (<i>P</i> < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only age remained significantly associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Despite high seroprevalence among camels, there was no serological confirmation of MERS-CoV infection among camel pastoralists in Marsabit County. The high seropositivity suggests that MERS-CoV or other closely related virus continues to circulate in camels and highlights ongoing potential for animal-to-human transmission.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Munyua</LastName><ForeName>Peninah</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Global Disease Detection Program, Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Corman</LastName><ForeName>Victor Max</ForeName><Initials>VM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bitek</LastName><ForeName>Austine</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Department of Veterinary Services; Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Osoro</LastName><ForeName>Eric</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Preventive and Promotive Health, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meyer</LastName><ForeName>Benjamin</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Müller</LastName><ForeName>Marcel A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lattwein</LastName><ForeName>Erik</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thumbi</LastName><ForeName>S M</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Murithi</LastName><ForeName>Rees</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Department of Veterinary Services; Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Widdowson</LastName><ForeName>Marc-Alain</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Global Disease Detection Program, Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosten</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Njenga</LastName><ForeName>M Kariuki</ForeName><Initials>MK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Am J Trop Med Hyg</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0370507</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0002-9637</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000914">Antibodies, Viral</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007074">Immunoglobulin G</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000914" MajorTopicYN="N">Antibodies, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002162" MajorTopicYN="N">Camelus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002675" MajorTopicYN="N">Child, 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|texte= No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013.
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