From SARS to MERS, Thrusting Coronaviruses into the Spotlight.
Identifieur interne : 000672 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000671; suivant : 000673From SARS to MERS, Thrusting Coronaviruses into the Spotlight.
Auteurs : Zhiqi Song ; Yanfeng Xu ; Linlin Bao ; Ling Zhang ; Pin Yu ; Yajin Qu ; Hua Zhu ; Wenjie Zhao ; Yunlin Han ; Chuan QinSource :
- Viruses [ 1999-4915 ] ; 2019.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, China (epidemiology), Chiroptera (virology), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control), Disease Models, Animal, Genome, Viral, Humans, Mice, Middle East (epidemiology), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity), SARS Virus (genetics), SARS Virus (pathogenicity), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (drug therapy), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (epidemiology), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (prevention & control), Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Viral Vaccines (immunology), Zoonoses (transmission), Zoonoses (virology).
- MESH :
- chemical , immunology : Viral Vaccines.
- chemical : Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus.
- geographic , epidemiology : China, Middle East.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- genetics : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, SARS Virus.
- pathogenicity : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, SARS Virus.
- prevention & control : Coronavirus Infections, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- transmission : Zoonoses.
- virology : Chiroptera, Zoonoses.
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Genome, Viral, Humans, Mice.
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) have formerly been regarded as relatively harmless respiratory pathogens to humans. However, two outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), as a result of zoonotic CoVs crossing the species barrier, caused high pathogenicity and mortality rates in human populations. This brought CoVs global attention and highlighted the importance of controlling infectious pathogens at international borders. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as provides details on the pivotal structure and function of the spike proteins (S proteins) on the surface of each of these viruses. For building up more suitable animal models, we compare the current animal models recapitulating pathogenesis and summarize the potential role of host receptors contributing to diverse host affinity in various species. We outline the research still needed to fully elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of these viruses, to construct reproducible animal models, and ultimately develop countermeasures to conquer not only SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but also these emerging coronaviral diseases.
DOI: 10.3390/v11010059
PubMed: 30646565
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:30646565Le document en format XML
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last="Bao">Linlin Bao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. bllmsl@aliyun.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ling" sort="Zhang, Ling" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Ling" last="Zhang">Ling Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. zhangling@cnilas.org.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Pin" sort="Yu, Pin" uniqKey="Yu P" first="Pin" last="Yu">Pin Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. pinyucau@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qu, Yajin" sort="Qu, Yajin" uniqKey="Qu Y" first="Yajin" last="Qu">Yajin Qu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. quyj@cnilas.org.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Hua" sort="Zhu, Hua" uniqKey="Zhu H" first="Hua" last="Zhu">Hua Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. zhuh@cnilas.org.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wenjie" sort="Zhao, Wenjie" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wenjie" last="Zhao">Wenjie Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. hnndwenjiezhao@163.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Yunlin" sort="Han, Yunlin" uniqKey="Han Y" first="Yunlin" last="Han">Yunlin Han</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. 18510165683@163.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, Chuan" sort="Qin, Chuan" uniqKey="Qin C" first="Chuan" last="Qin">Chuan Qin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. qinchuan@pumc.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno 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Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. xuyanf2009@163.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bao, Linlin" sort="Bao, Linlin" uniqKey="Bao L" first="Linlin" last="Bao">Linlin Bao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. bllmsl@aliyun.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ling" sort="Zhang, Ling" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Ling" last="Zhang">Ling Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. zhangling@cnilas.org.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Pin" sort="Yu, Pin" uniqKey="Yu P" first="Pin" last="Yu">Pin Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. pinyucau@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qu, Yajin" sort="Qu, Yajin" uniqKey="Qu Y" first="Yajin" last="Qu">Yajin Qu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. quyj@cnilas.org.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Hua" sort="Zhu, Hua" uniqKey="Zhu H" first="Hua" last="Zhu">Hua Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. zhuh@cnilas.org.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Wenjie" sort="Zhao, Wenjie" uniqKey="Zhao W" first="Wenjie" last="Zhao">Wenjie Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. hnndwenjiezhao@163.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Yunlin" sort="Han, Yunlin" uniqKey="Han Y" first="Yunlin" last="Han">Yunlin Han</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. 18510165683@163.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, Chuan" sort="Qin, Chuan" uniqKey="Qin C" first="Chuan" last="Qin">Chuan Qin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. qinchuan@pumc.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Viruses</title><idno type="eISSN">1999-4915</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>China (epidemiology)</term><term>Chiroptera (virology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control)</term><term>Disease Models, Animal</term><term>Genome, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mice</term><term>Middle East (epidemiology)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity)</term><term>SARS Virus (genetics)</term><term>SARS Virus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (drug therapy)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (epidemiology)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (prevention & control)</term><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</term><term>Viral Vaccines (immunology)</term><term>Zoonoses (transmission)</term><term>Zoonoses (virology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Viral Vaccines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term><term>Middle East</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Chiroptera</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Disease Models, Animal</term><term>Genome, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mice</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Coronaviruses (CoVs) have formerly been regarded as relatively harmless respiratory pathogens to humans. However, two outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), as a result of zoonotic CoVs crossing the species barrier, caused high pathogenicity and mortality rates in human populations. This brought CoVs global attention and highlighted the importance of controlling infectious pathogens at international borders. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as provides details on the pivotal structure and function of the spike proteins (S proteins) on the surface of each of these viruses. For building up more suitable animal models, we compare the current animal models recapitulating pathogenesis and summarize the potential role of host receptors contributing to diverse host affinity in various species. We outline the research still needed to fully elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of these viruses, to construct reproducible animal models, and ultimately develop countermeasures to conquer not only SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but also these emerging coronaviral diseases.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30646565</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>16</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1999-4915</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Viruses</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Viruses</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>From SARS to MERS, Thrusting Coronaviruses into the Spotlight.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E59</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/v11010059</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Coronaviruses (CoVs) have formerly been regarded as relatively harmless respiratory pathogens to humans. However, two outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), as a result of zoonotic CoVs crossing the species barrier, caused high pathogenicity and mortality rates in human populations. This brought CoVs global attention and highlighted the importance of controlling infectious pathogens at international borders. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as provides details on the pivotal structure and function of the spike proteins (S proteins) on the surface of each of these viruses. For building up more suitable animal models, we compare the current animal models recapitulating pathogenesis and summarize the potential role of host receptors contributing to diverse host affinity in various species. We outline the research still needed to fully elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of these viruses, to construct reproducible animal models, and ultimately develop countermeasures to conquer not only SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but also these emerging coronaviral diseases.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Song</LastName><ForeName>Zhiqi</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. songzhiqi1989@foxmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. songzhiqi1989@foxmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. songzhiqi1989@foxmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Yanfeng</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. xuyanf2009@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. xuyanf2009@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. xuyanf2009@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bao</LastName><ForeName>Linlin</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. bllmsl@aliyun.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. bllmsl@aliyun.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. bllmsl@aliyun.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Ling</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. zhangling@cnilas.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. zhangling@cnilas.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. zhangling@cnilas.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yu</LastName><ForeName>Pin</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. pinyucau@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. pinyucau@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. pinyucau@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Qu</LastName><ForeName>Yajin</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. quyj@cnilas.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. quyj@cnilas.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. quyj@cnilas.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Hua</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. zhuh@cnilas.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. zhuh@cnilas.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. zhuh@cnilas.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Wenjie</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. hnndwenjiezhao@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. hnndwenjiezhao@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. hnndwenjiezhao@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Han</LastName><ForeName>Yunlin</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. 18510165683@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. 18510165683@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. 18510165683@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Qin</LastName><ForeName>Chuan</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China. qinchuan@pumc.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, China. qinchuan@pumc.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing 100021, China. qinchuan@pumc.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Viruses</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101509722</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1999-4915</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D064370">Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014765">Viral Vaccines</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002681" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">China</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002685" MajorTopicYN="N">Chiroptera</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004195" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Models, Animal</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016679" MajorTopicYN="N">Genome, Viral</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName 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