Influenza virus RNA recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting.
Identifieur interne : 000548 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000547; suivant : 000549Influenza virus RNA recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting.
Auteurs : Lily Yip ; Mairead Finn ; Andrea Granados ; Karren Prost ; Allison Mcgeer ; Jonathan B. Gubbay ; James Scott ; Samira MubarekaSource :
- Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene [ 1545-9632 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Transmission in hospital settings of seasonal influenza viruses and novel agents such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is well-described but poorly understood. The characterization of potentially infectious bio-aerosols in the healthcare setting remains an important yet ill-defined factor in the transmission of respiratory viruses. Empiric data describing the distribution of bio-aerosols enable discernment of potential exposure risk to respiratory viruses. We sought to determine the distribution of influenza virus RNA emitted into the air by participants with laboratory-confirmed influenza, and whether these emissions had the potential to reach healthcare workers' breathing zones. Two-stage cyclone bio-aerosol samplers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were placed 0.5-1.0 m (near field) and 2.1-2.5 m (far field) from infected patient participants, as well as in the corridor immediately outside their rooms. In addition, healthcare worker participants providing care to infected participants were recruited to wear a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter cassette in their breathing zones. Viral RNA was detected from the air emitted by 37.5% of the 16 participants infected with influenza virus and distributed both in near and far fields and in all tested particle sizes (<1 µm, 1-4 µm, and >4 µm). Viral RNA was recovered in droplet nuclei and beyond 1 m from naturally-infected participants in the healthcare setting and from the breathing zone of one healthcare worker. There was no correlation between patient participant nasal viral load and recovery of viral RNA from the air, and we did not identify any significant association between RNA detection from the air and patient demographics or clinical presentation. A more substantial study is required to identify patient determinants of virus emission into the air and delineate implications for evidence-based policy for prevention and control.
DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2019.1591626
PubMed: 31050610
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Influenza virus RNA recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting.</title><author><name sortKey="Yip, Lily" sort="Yip, Lily" uniqKey="Yip L" first="Lily" last="Yip">Lily Yip</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Finn, Mairead" sort="Finn, Mairead" uniqKey="Finn M" first="Mairead" last="Finn">Mairead Finn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Granados, Andrea" sort="Granados, Andrea" uniqKey="Granados A" first="Andrea" last="Granados">Andrea Granados</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>b Public Health Ontario , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prost, Karren" sort="Prost, Karren" uniqKey="Prost K" first="Karren" last="Prost">Karren Prost</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Allison" sort="Mcgeer, Allison" uniqKey="Mcgeer A" first="Allison" last="Mcgeer">Allison Mcgeer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>c Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan B" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan B" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan B" last="Gubbay">Jonathan B. Gubbay</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>b Public Health Ontario , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, James" sort="Scott, James" uniqKey="Scott J" first="James" last="Scott">James Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>e Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mubareka, Samira" sort="Mubareka, Samira" uniqKey="Mubareka S" first="Samira" last="Mubareka">Samira Mubareka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31050610</idno><idno type="pmid">31050610</idno><idno type="doi">10.1080/15459624.2019.1591626</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000548</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000548</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Influenza virus RNA recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting.</title><author><name sortKey="Yip, Lily" sort="Yip, Lily" uniqKey="Yip L" first="Lily" last="Yip">Lily Yip</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Finn, Mairead" sort="Finn, Mairead" uniqKey="Finn M" first="Mairead" last="Finn">Mairead Finn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Granados, Andrea" sort="Granados, Andrea" uniqKey="Granados A" first="Andrea" last="Granados">Andrea Granados</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>b Public Health Ontario , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prost, Karren" sort="Prost, Karren" uniqKey="Prost K" first="Karren" last="Prost">Karren Prost</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Allison" sort="Mcgeer, Allison" uniqKey="Mcgeer A" first="Allison" last="Mcgeer">Allison Mcgeer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>c Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan B" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan B" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan B" last="Gubbay">Jonathan B. Gubbay</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>b Public Health Ontario , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, James" sort="Scott, James" uniqKey="Scott J" first="James" last="Scott">James Scott</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>e Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mubareka, Samira" sort="Mubareka, Samira" uniqKey="Mubareka S" first="Samira" last="Mubareka">Samira Mubareka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene</title><idno type="eISSN">1545-9632</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Transmission in hospital settings of seasonal influenza viruses and novel agents such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is well-described but poorly understood. The characterization of potentially infectious bio-aerosols in the healthcare setting remains an important yet ill-defined factor in the transmission of respiratory viruses. Empiric data describing the distribution of bio-aerosols enable discernment of potential exposure risk to respiratory viruses. We sought to determine the distribution of influenza virus RNA emitted into the air by participants with laboratory-confirmed influenza, and whether these emissions had the potential to reach healthcare workers' breathing zones. Two-stage cyclone bio-aerosol samplers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were placed 0.5-1.0 m (near field) and 2.1-2.5 m (far field) from infected patient participants, as well as in the corridor immediately outside their rooms. In addition, healthcare worker participants providing care to infected participants were recruited to wear a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter cassette in their breathing zones. Viral RNA was detected from the air emitted by 37.5% of the 16 participants infected with influenza virus and distributed both in near and far fields and in all tested particle sizes (<1 µm, 1-4 µm, and >4 µm). Viral RNA was recovered in droplet nuclei and beyond 1 m from naturally-infected participants in the healthcare setting and from the breathing zone of one healthcare worker. There was no correlation between patient participant nasal viral load and recovery of viral RNA from the air, and we did not identify any significant association between RNA detection from the air and patient demographics or clinical presentation. A more substantial study is required to identify patient determinants of virus emission into the air and delineate implications for evidence-based policy for prevention and control.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31050610</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>16</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1545-9632</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>16</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year><Month>05</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Occup Environ Hyg</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Influenza virus RNA recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>341-348</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1080/15459624.2019.1591626</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Transmission in hospital settings of seasonal influenza viruses and novel agents such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is well-described but poorly understood. The characterization of potentially infectious bio-aerosols in the healthcare setting remains an important yet ill-defined factor in the transmission of respiratory viruses. Empiric data describing the distribution of bio-aerosols enable discernment of potential exposure risk to respiratory viruses. We sought to determine the distribution of influenza virus RNA emitted into the air by participants with laboratory-confirmed influenza, and whether these emissions had the potential to reach healthcare workers' breathing zones. Two-stage cyclone bio-aerosol samplers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were placed 0.5-1.0 m (near field) and 2.1-2.5 m (far field) from infected patient participants, as well as in the corridor immediately outside their rooms. In addition, healthcare worker participants providing care to infected participants were recruited to wear a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter cassette in their breathing zones. Viral RNA was detected from the air emitted by 37.5% of the 16 participants infected with influenza virus and distributed both in near and far fields and in all tested particle sizes (<1 µm, 1-4 µm, and >4 µm). Viral RNA was recovered in droplet nuclei and beyond 1 m from naturally-infected participants in the healthcare setting and from the breathing zone of one healthcare worker. There was no correlation between patient participant nasal viral load and recovery of viral RNA from the air, and we did not identify any significant association between RNA detection from the air and patient demographics or clinical presentation. A more substantial study is required to identify patient determinants of virus emission into the air and delineate implications for evidence-based policy for prevention and control.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yip</LastName><ForeName>Lily</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Finn</LastName><ForeName>Mairead</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Granados</LastName><ForeName>Andrea</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>b Public Health Ontario , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>c Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Prost</LastName><ForeName>Karren</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McGeer</LastName><ForeName>Allison</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>c Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>d Sinai Health System , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gubbay</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan B</ForeName><Initials>JB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>b Public Health Ontario , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>c Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scott</LastName><ForeName>James</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>e Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mubareka</LastName><ForeName>Samira</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>a Biological Sciences , Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>c Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal 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