Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC.
Identifieur interne : 000488 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000487; suivant : 000489Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC.
Auteurs : Kazuya Shirato ; Simenew Keskes Melaku ; Kengo Kawachi ; Naganori Nao ; Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa ; Miyuki Kawase ; Wataru Kamitani ; Shutoku Matsuyama ; Tesfaye Sisay Tessema ; Hiroshi SentsuiSource :
- Frontiers in microbiology [ 1664-302X ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS has been endemic to Saudi Arabia since 2012. The reservoir of MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel, suggesting that MERS is primarily a zoonotic disease. MERS-CoV is common in dromedaries throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa as evidenced by neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV; however, human cases have remained limited to the Middle East. To better understand the cause of this difference, the virological properties of African camel MERS-CoV were analyzed based on the spike (S) protein in Ethiopia. Nasal swabs were collected from 258 young dromedaries (≤ 2 years old) in the Afar region of Ethiopia, of which 39 were positive for MERS-CoV, as confirmed by genetic tests. All positive tests were exclusive to the Amibara woreda region. Using next-generation sequencing, two full-length genomes of Amibara isolates were successfully decoded; both isolates belonged to the C2 clade based on phylogenetic analysis of full-length and S protein sequences. Recombinant EMC isolates of MERS-CoV, in which the S protein is replaced with those of Amibara isolates, were then generated to test the roles of these proteins in viral properties. Amibara S recombinants replicated more slowly in cultured cells than in EMC S recombinants. In neutralizing assays, Amibara S recombinants were neutralized by lower concentrations of sera from both Ethiopian dromedaries and EMC isolate (wild-type)-immunized mouse sera, relative to the EMC S recombinants, indicating that viruses coated in the Amibara S protein were easier to neutralize than the EMC S protein. Neutralization experiments performed using S1/S2 chimeric recombinants of the EMC and Amibara S proteins showed that the neutralization profile was dependent on the S1 region of the S protein. These results suggest that the slower viral replication and the ease of neutralization seen in the Ethiopian MERS-CoV are due to strain-specific differences in the S protein and may account for the absence of human MERS-CoV cases in Ethiopia.
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01326
PubMed: 31275264
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC.</title><author><name sortKey="Shirato, Kazuya" sort="Shirato, Kazuya" uniqKey="Shirato K" first="Kazuya" last="Shirato">Kazuya Shirato</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" sort="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" uniqKey="Melaku S" first="Simenew Keskes" last="Melaku">Simenew Keskes Melaku</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawachi, Kengo" sort="Kawachi, Kengo" uniqKey="Kawachi K" first="Kengo" last="Kawachi">Kengo Kawachi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nao, Naganori" sort="Nao, Naganori" uniqKey="Nao N" first="Naganori" last="Nao">Naganori Nao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" sort="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" uniqKey="Iwata Yoshikawa N" first="Naoko" last="Iwata-Yoshikawa">Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawase, Miyuki" sort="Kawase, Miyuki" uniqKey="Kawase M" first="Miyuki" last="Kawase">Miyuki Kawase</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamitani, Wataru" sort="Kamitani, Wataru" uniqKey="Kamitani W" first="Wataru" last="Kamitani">Wataru Kamitani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matsuyama, Shutoku" sort="Matsuyama, Shutoku" uniqKey="Matsuyama S" first="Shutoku" last="Matsuyama">Shutoku Matsuyama</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay" sort="Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay" uniqKey="Tessema T" first="Tesfaye Sisay" last="Tessema">Tesfaye Sisay Tessema</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sentsui, Hiroshi" sort="Sentsui, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Sentsui H" first="Hiroshi" last="Sentsui">Hiroshi Sentsui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Veterinary Epizootiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31275264</idno><idno type="pmid">31275264</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fmicb.2019.01326</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000488</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000488</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC.</title><author><name sortKey="Shirato, Kazuya" sort="Shirato, Kazuya" uniqKey="Shirato K" first="Kazuya" last="Shirato">Kazuya Shirato</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" sort="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" uniqKey="Melaku S" first="Simenew Keskes" last="Melaku">Simenew Keskes Melaku</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawachi, Kengo" sort="Kawachi, Kengo" uniqKey="Kawachi K" first="Kengo" last="Kawachi">Kengo Kawachi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nao, Naganori" sort="Nao, Naganori" uniqKey="Nao N" first="Naganori" last="Nao">Naganori Nao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" sort="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" uniqKey="Iwata Yoshikawa N" first="Naoko" last="Iwata-Yoshikawa">Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawase, Miyuki" sort="Kawase, Miyuki" uniqKey="Kawase M" first="Miyuki" last="Kawase">Miyuki Kawase</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamitani, Wataru" sort="Kamitani, Wataru" uniqKey="Kamitani W" first="Wataru" last="Kamitani">Wataru Kamitani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matsuyama, Shutoku" sort="Matsuyama, Shutoku" uniqKey="Matsuyama S" first="Shutoku" last="Matsuyama">Shutoku Matsuyama</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay" sort="Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay" uniqKey="Tessema T" first="Tesfaye Sisay" last="Tessema">Tesfaye Sisay Tessema</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sentsui, Hiroshi" sort="Sentsui, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Sentsui H" first="Hiroshi" last="Sentsui">Hiroshi Sentsui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Veterinary Epizootiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in microbiology</title><idno type="ISSN">1664-302X</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS has been endemic to Saudi Arabia since 2012. The reservoir of MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel, suggesting that MERS is primarily a zoonotic disease. MERS-CoV is common in dromedaries throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa as evidenced by neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV; however, human cases have remained limited to the Middle East. To better understand the cause of this difference, the virological properties of African camel MERS-CoV were analyzed based on the spike (S) protein in Ethiopia. Nasal swabs were collected from 258 young dromedaries (≤ 2 years old) in the Afar region of Ethiopia, of which 39 were positive for MERS-CoV, as confirmed by genetic tests. All positive tests were exclusive to the Amibara woreda region. Using next-generation sequencing, two full-length genomes of Amibara isolates were successfully decoded; both isolates belonged to the C2 clade based on phylogenetic analysis of full-length and S protein sequences. Recombinant EMC isolates of MERS-CoV, in which the S protein is replaced with those of Amibara isolates, were then generated to test the roles of these proteins in viral properties. Amibara S recombinants replicated more slowly in cultured cells than in EMC S recombinants. In neutralizing assays, Amibara S recombinants were neutralized by lower concentrations of sera from both Ethiopian dromedaries and EMC isolate (wild-type)-immunized mouse sera, relative to the EMC S recombinants, indicating that viruses coated in the Amibara S protein were easier to neutralize than the EMC S protein. Neutralization experiments performed using S1/S2 chimeric recombinants of the EMC and Amibara S proteins showed that the neutralization profile was dependent on the S1 region of the S protein. These results suggest that the slower viral replication and the ease of neutralization seen in the Ethiopian MERS-CoV are due to strain-specific differences in the S protein and may account for the absence of human MERS-CoV cases in Ethiopia.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31275264</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-302X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>10</Volume><PubDate><Year>2019</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in microbiology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Microbiol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1326</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fmicb.2019.01326</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS has been endemic to Saudi Arabia since 2012. The reservoir of MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel, suggesting that MERS is primarily a zoonotic disease. MERS-CoV is common in dromedaries throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa as evidenced by neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV; however, human cases have remained limited to the Middle East. To better understand the cause of this difference, the virological properties of African camel MERS-CoV were analyzed based on the spike (S) protein in Ethiopia. Nasal swabs were collected from 258 young dromedaries (≤ 2 years old) in the Afar region of Ethiopia, of which 39 were positive for MERS-CoV, as confirmed by genetic tests. All positive tests were exclusive to the Amibara woreda region. Using next-generation sequencing, two full-length genomes of Amibara isolates were successfully decoded; both isolates belonged to the C2 clade based on phylogenetic analysis of full-length and S protein sequences. Recombinant EMC isolates of MERS-CoV, in which the S protein is replaced with those of Amibara isolates, were then generated to test the roles of these proteins in viral properties. Amibara S recombinants replicated more slowly in cultured cells than in EMC S recombinants. In neutralizing assays, Amibara S recombinants were neutralized by lower concentrations of sera from both Ethiopian dromedaries and EMC isolate (wild-type)-immunized mouse sera, relative to the EMC S recombinants, indicating that viruses coated in the Amibara S protein were easier to neutralize than the EMC S protein. Neutralization experiments performed using S1/S2 chimeric recombinants of the EMC and Amibara S proteins showed that the neutralization profile was dependent on the S1 region of the S protein. These results suggest that the slower viral replication and the ease of neutralization seen in the Ethiopian MERS-CoV are due to strain-specific differences in the S protein and may account for the absence of human MERS-CoV cases in Ethiopia.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shirato</LastName><ForeName>Kazuya</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Melaku</LastName><ForeName>Simenew Keskes</ForeName><Initials>SK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kawachi</LastName><ForeName>Kengo</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nao</LastName><ForeName>Naganori</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Iwata-Yoshikawa</LastName><ForeName>Naoko</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kawase</LastName><ForeName>Miyuki</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kamitani</LastName><ForeName>Wataru</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Matsuyama</LastName><ForeName>Shutoku</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tessema</LastName><ForeName>Tesfaye Sisay</ForeName><Initials>TS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sentsui</LastName><ForeName>Hiroshi</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Veterinary Epizootiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>19</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Microbiol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101548977</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1664-302X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Ethiopia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East respiratory syndrome</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">antigenicity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">dromedary</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">neutralization</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate 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