Serological evidence of MERS-CoV and HKU8-related CoV co-infection in Kenyan camels.
Identifieur interne : 000387 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000386; suivant : 000388Serological evidence of MERS-CoV and HKU8-related CoV co-infection in Kenyan camels.
Auteurs : Wei Zhang ; Xiao-Shuang Zheng ; Bernard Agwanda ; Sheila Ommeh ; Kai Zhao ; Jacqueline Lichoti ; Ning Wang ; Jing Chen ; Bei Li ; Xing-Lou Yang ; Shailendra Mani ; Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa ; Yan Zhu ; Ben Hu ; Samson Omondi Onyuok ; Bing Yan ; Danielle E. Anderson ; Lin-Fa Wang ; Peng Zhou ; Zheng-Li ShiSource :
- Emerging microbes & infections [ 2222-1751 ] ; 2019.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral (blood), Camelus (blood), Camelus (virology), Chiroptera (virology), Coronavirus (genetics), Coronavirus (immunology), Coronavirus (isolation & purification), Coronavirus Infections (blood), Coronavirus Infections (veterinary), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Kenya, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (immunology), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification), Nucleocapsid Proteins (immunology), Recombination, Genetic, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (immunology).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Viral.
- chemical , immunology : Nucleocapsid Proteins, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus.
- geographic : Kenya.
- blood : Camelus, Coronavirus Infections.
- genetics : Coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- immunology : Coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- isolation & purification : Coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- veterinary : Coronavirus Infections.
- virology : Camelus, Chiroptera, Coronavirus Infections.
- Animals, Recombination, Genetic.
Abstract
Dromedary camels are important reservoir hosts of various coronaviruses, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that cause human infections. CoV genomes regularly undergo recombination during infection as observed in bat SARS-related CoVs. Here we report for the first time that only a small proportion of MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain positive (RBD) of spike protein positive camel sera in Kenya were also seropositive to MERS-CoV nucleocapsid (NP). In contrast, many of them contain antibodies against bat HKU8-related (HKU8r)-CoVs. Among 584 camel samples that were positive against MERS-CoV RBD, we found only 0.48 (8.22%) samples were also positive for NP. Furthermore, we found bat HKU8r-CoV NP antibody in 73 (12.5%) of the MERS-CoV RBD positive and NP negative samples, yet found only 3 (0.43%) of the HKU8r-CoV S1 antibody in the same samples. These findings may indicate co-infection with MERS-CoV and a HKU8r-CoV in camels. It may also raise the possibility of the circulation of a recombinant coronavirus virus with the spike of MERS-CoV and the NP of a HKU8r-CoV in Kenya. We failed to find molecular evidence of an HKU8r-CoV or a putative recombinant virus. Our findings should alert other investigators to look for molecular evidence of HKU8r-CoV or recombinants.
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1679610
PubMed: 31645223
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:31645223Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Serological evidence of MERS-CoV and HKU8-related CoV co-infection in Kenyan camels.</title><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Wei" sort="Zhang, Wei" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Wei" last="Zhang">Wei Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Xiao Shuang" sort="Zheng, Xiao Shuang" uniqKey="Zheng X" first="Xiao-Shuang" last="Zheng">Xiao-Shuang Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agwanda, Bernard" sort="Agwanda, Bernard" uniqKey="Agwanda B" first="Bernard" last="Agwanda">Bernard Agwanda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya , Nairobi , Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ommeh, Sheila" sort="Ommeh, Sheila" uniqKey="Ommeh S" first="Sheila" last="Ommeh">Sheila Ommeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology , Nairobi , Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Kai" sort="Zhao, Kai" uniqKey="Zhao K" first="Kai" last="Zhao">Kai Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichoti, Jacqueline" sort="Lichoti, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Lichoti J" first="Jacqueline" last="Lichoti">Jacqueline Lichoti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Fisheries , Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ning" sort="Wang, Ning" uniqKey="Wang N" first="Ning" last="Wang">Ning Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jing" sort="Chen, Jing" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jing" last="Chen">Jing Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Bei" sort="Li, Bei" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bei" last="Li">Bei Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Xing Lou" sort="Yang, Xing Lou" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xing-Lou" last="Yang">Xing-Lou Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mani, Shailendra" sort="Mani, Shailendra" uniqKey="Mani S" first="Shailendra" last="Mani">Shailendra Mani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" sort="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" uniqKey="Ngeiywa K" first="Kisa-Juma" last="Ngeiywa">Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Fisheries , Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Yan" sort="Zhu, Yan" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Yan" last="Zhu">Yan Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Ben" sort="Hu, Ben" uniqKey="Hu B" first="Ben" last="Hu">Ben Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onyuok, Samson Omondi" sort="Onyuok, Samson Omondi" uniqKey="Onyuok S" first="Samson Omondi" last="Onyuok">Samson Omondi Onyuok</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Bing" sort="Yan, Bing" uniqKey="Yan B" first="Bing" last="Yan">Bing Yan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Danielle E" sort="Anderson, Danielle E" uniqKey="Anderson D" first="Danielle E" last="Anderson">Danielle E. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Lin Fa" sort="Wang, Lin Fa" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lin-Fa" last="Wang">Lin-Fa Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Peng" sort="Zhou, Peng" uniqKey="Zhou P" first="Peng" last="Zhou">Peng Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Zheng Li" sort="Shi, Zheng Li" uniqKey="Shi Z" first="Zheng-Li" last="Shi">Zheng-Li Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31645223</idno><idno type="pmid">31645223</idno><idno type="doi">10.1080/22221751.2019.1679610</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000387</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000387</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Serological evidence of MERS-CoV and HKU8-related CoV co-infection in Kenyan camels.</title><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Wei" sort="Zhang, Wei" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Wei" last="Zhang">Wei Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Xiao Shuang" sort="Zheng, Xiao Shuang" uniqKey="Zheng X" first="Xiao-Shuang" last="Zheng">Xiao-Shuang Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agwanda, Bernard" sort="Agwanda, Bernard" uniqKey="Agwanda B" first="Bernard" last="Agwanda">Bernard Agwanda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya , Nairobi , Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ommeh, Sheila" sort="Ommeh, Sheila" uniqKey="Ommeh S" first="Sheila" last="Ommeh">Sheila Ommeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology , Nairobi , Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Kai" sort="Zhao, Kai" uniqKey="Zhao K" first="Kai" last="Zhao">Kai Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichoti, Jacqueline" sort="Lichoti, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Lichoti J" first="Jacqueline" last="Lichoti">Jacqueline Lichoti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Fisheries , Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ning" sort="Wang, Ning" uniqKey="Wang N" first="Ning" last="Wang">Ning Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jing" sort="Chen, Jing" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jing" last="Chen">Jing Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Bei" sort="Li, Bei" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bei" last="Li">Bei Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Xing Lou" sort="Yang, Xing Lou" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xing-Lou" last="Yang">Xing-Lou Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mani, Shailendra" sort="Mani, Shailendra" uniqKey="Mani S" first="Shailendra" last="Mani">Shailendra Mani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" sort="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" uniqKey="Ngeiywa K" first="Kisa-Juma" last="Ngeiywa">Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Fisheries , Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Yan" sort="Zhu, Yan" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Yan" last="Zhu">Yan Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Ben" sort="Hu, Ben" uniqKey="Hu B" first="Ben" last="Hu">Ben Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onyuok, Samson Omondi" sort="Onyuok, Samson Omondi" uniqKey="Onyuok S" first="Samson Omondi" last="Onyuok">Samson Omondi Onyuok</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Bing" sort="Yan, Bing" uniqKey="Yan B" first="Bing" last="Yan">Bing Yan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Danielle E" sort="Anderson, Danielle E" uniqKey="Anderson D" first="Danielle E" last="Anderson">Danielle E. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Lin Fa" sort="Wang, Lin Fa" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lin-Fa" last="Wang">Lin-Fa Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Peng" sort="Zhou, Peng" uniqKey="Zhou P" first="Peng" last="Zhou">Peng Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Zheng Li" sort="Shi, Zheng Li" uniqKey="Shi Z" first="Zheng-Li" last="Shi">Zheng-Li Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Emerging microbes & infections</title><idno type="eISSN">2222-1751</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Antibodies, Viral (blood)</term><term>Camelus (blood)</term><term>Camelus (virology)</term><term>Chiroptera (virology)</term><term>Coronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Coronavirus (immunology)</term><term>Coronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (blood)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Kenya</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (immunology)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Nucleocapsid Proteins (immunology)</term><term>Recombination, Genetic</term><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (immunology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Nucleocapsid Proteins</term><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Kenya</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term><term>Chiroptera</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Recombination, Genetic</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Dromedary camels are important reservoir hosts of various coronaviruses, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that cause human infections. CoV genomes regularly undergo recombination during infection as observed in bat SARS-related CoVs. Here we report for the first time that only a small proportion of MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain positive (RBD) of spike protein positive camel sera in Kenya were also seropositive to MERS-CoV nucleocapsid (NP). In contrast, many of them contain antibodies against bat HKU8-related (HKU8r)-CoVs. Among 584 camel samples that were positive against MERS-CoV RBD, we found only 0.48 (8.22%) samples were also positive for NP. Furthermore, we found bat HKU8r-CoV NP antibody in 73 (12.5%) of the MERS-CoV RBD positive and NP negative samples, yet found only 3 (0.43%) of the HKU8r-CoV S1 antibody in the same samples. These findings may indicate co-infection with MERS-CoV and a HKU8r-CoV in camels. It may also raise the possibility of the circulation of a recombinant coronavirus virus with the spike of MERS-CoV and the NP of a HKU8r-CoV in Kenya. We failed to find molecular evidence of an HKU8r-CoV or a putative recombinant virus. Our findings should alert other investigators to look for molecular evidence of HKU8r-CoV or recombinants.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31645223</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>15</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>15</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2222-1751</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>8</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Emerging microbes & infections</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Emerg Microbes Infect</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Serological evidence of MERS-CoV and HKU8-related CoV co-infection in Kenyan camels.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1528-1534</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1080/22221751.2019.1679610</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Dromedary camels are important reservoir hosts of various coronaviruses, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that cause human infections. CoV genomes regularly undergo recombination during infection as observed in bat SARS-related CoVs. Here we report for the first time that only a small proportion of MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain positive (RBD) of spike protein positive camel sera in Kenya were also seropositive to MERS-CoV nucleocapsid (NP). In contrast, many of them contain antibodies against bat HKU8-related (HKU8r)-CoVs. Among 584 camel samples that were positive against MERS-CoV RBD, we found only 0.48 (8.22%) samples were also positive for NP. Furthermore, we found bat HKU8r-CoV NP antibody in 73 (12.5%) of the MERS-CoV RBD positive and NP negative samples, yet found only 3 (0.43%) of the HKU8r-CoV S1 antibody in the same samples. These findings may indicate co-infection with MERS-CoV and a HKU8r-CoV in camels. It may also raise the possibility of the circulation of a recombinant coronavirus virus with the spike of MERS-CoV and the NP of a HKU8r-CoV in Kenya. We failed to find molecular evidence of an HKU8r-CoV or a putative recombinant virus. Our findings should alert other investigators to look for molecular evidence of HKU8r-CoV or recombinants.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Wei</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zheng</LastName><ForeName>Xiao-Shuang</ForeName><Initials>XS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agwanda</LastName><ForeName>Bernard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya , Nairobi , Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ommeh</LastName><ForeName>Sheila</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology , Nairobi , Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Kai</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lichoti</LastName><ForeName>Jacqueline</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Fisheries , Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Ning</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Jing</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Bei</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Xing-Lou</ForeName><Initials>XL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mani</LastName><ForeName>Shailendra</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-8315</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ngeiywa</LastName><ForeName>Kisa-Juma</ForeName><Initials>KJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Fisheries , Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kenya Camel Association , Nairobi , Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Yan</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName><ForeName>Ben</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Onyuok</LastName><ForeName>Samson Omondi</ForeName><Initials>SO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yan</LastName><ForeName>Bing</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anderson</LastName><ForeName>Danielle E</ForeName><Initials>DE</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-5024</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Lin-Fa</ForeName><Initials>LF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-0535</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>Peng</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-4201</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author 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