Isolation and Characterization of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23 from Dromedaries of the Middle East: Minimal Serological Cross-Reactivity between MERS Coronavirus and Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23.
Identifieur interne : 001040 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001039; suivant : 001041Isolation and Characterization of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23 from Dromedaries of the Middle East: Minimal Serological Cross-Reactivity between MERS Coronavirus and Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23.
Auteurs : Patrick C Y. Woo [Hong Kong] ; Susanna K P. Lau [Hong Kong] ; Rachel Y Y. Fan [Hong Kong] ; Candy C Y. Lau [Hong Kong] ; Emily Y M. Wong [Hong Kong] ; Sunitha Joseph [Émirats arabes unis] ; Alan K L. Tsang [Hong Kong] ; Renate Wernery [Émirats arabes unis] ; Cyril C Y. Yip [Hong Kong] ; Chi-Ching Tsang [Hong Kong] ; Ulrich Wernery [Émirats arabes unis] ; Kwok-Yung Yuen [Hong Kong]Source :
- International journal of molecular sciences [ 1422-0067 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Chameaux (virologie), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (immunologie), Gènes viraux, Humains, Lignée cellulaire tumorale, Phylogénie, Réactions croisées, Souris.
- MESH :
- génétique : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- immunologie : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- virologie : Chameaux.
- Animaux, Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient, Gènes viraux, Humains, Lignée cellulaire tumorale, Phylogénie, Réactions croisées, Souris.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- classification : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- genetics : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- immunology : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- virology : Camelus.
- Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Cross Reactions, Genes, Viral, Humans, Mice, Phylogeny.
Abstract
Recently, we reported the discovery of a dromedary camel coronavirus UAE-HKU23 (DcCoV UAE-HKU23) from dromedaries in the Middle East. In this study, DcCoV UAE-HKU23 was successfully isolated in two of the 14 dromedary fecal samples using HRT-18G cells, with cytopathic effects observed five days after inoculation. Northern blot analysis revealed at least seven distinct RNA species, corresponding to predicted subgenomic mRNAs and confirming the core sequence of transcription regulatory sequence motifs as 5'-UCUAAAC-3' as we predicted previously. Antibodies against DcCoV UAE-HKU23 were detected in 58 (98.3%) and 59 (100%) of the 59 dromedary sera by immunofluorescence and neutralization antibody tests, respectively. There was significant correlation between the antibody titers determined by immunofluorescence and neutralization assays (Pearson coefficient = 0.525, p < 0.0001). Immunization of mice using recombinant N proteins of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), respectively, and heat-inactivated DcCoV UAE-HKU23 showed minimal cross-antigenicity between DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and MERS-CoV by Western blot and neutralization antibody assays. Codon usage and genetic distance analysis of RdRp, S and N genes showed that the 14 strains of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 formed a distinct cluster, separated from those of other closely related members of Betacoronavirus 1, including alpaca CoV, confirming that DcCoV UAE-HKU23 is a novel member of Betacoronavirus 1.
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050691
PubMed: 27164099
Affiliations:
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Lau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. skplau@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Rachel Y Y" sort="Fan, Rachel Y Y" uniqKey="Fan R" first="Rachel Y Y" last="Fan">Rachel Y Y. Fan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. rachelfyy2004@yahoo.com.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Candy C Y" sort="Lau, Candy C Y" uniqKey="Lau C" first="Candy C Y" last="Lau">Candy C Y. Lau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. candylaucy@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Emily Y M" sort="Wong, Emily Y M" uniqKey="Wong E" first="Emily Y M" last="Wong">Emily Y M. Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. emilyhk2811@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joseph, Sunitha" sort="Joseph, Sunitha" uniqKey="Joseph S" first="Sunitha" last="Joseph">Sunitha Joseph</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE. sjoseph@cvrl.ae.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Émirats arabes unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, Alan K L" sort="Tsang, Alan K L" uniqKey="Tsang A" first="Alan K L" last="Tsang">Alan K L. Tsang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. alantsangmb@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wernery, Renate" sort="Wernery, Renate" uniqKey="Wernery R" first="Renate" last="Wernery">Renate Wernery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE. wernery@cvrl.ae.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Émirats arabes unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yip, Cyril C Y" sort="Yip, Cyril C Y" uniqKey="Yip C" first="Cyril C Y" last="Yip">Cyril C Y. Yip</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. cyrilyip@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, Chi Ching" sort="Tsang, Chi Ching" uniqKey="Tsang C" first="Chi-Ching" last="Tsang">Chi-Ching Tsang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. microbioct@connect.hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wernery, Ulrich" sort="Wernery, Ulrich" uniqKey="Wernery U" first="Ulrich" last="Wernery">Ulrich Wernery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE. cvrl@cvrl.ae.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Émirats arabes unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. kyyuen@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27164099</idno><idno type="pmid">27164099</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/ijms17050691</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001126</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001126</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001126</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001126</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001040</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001040</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Isolation and Characterization of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23 from Dromedaries of the Middle East: Minimal Serological Cross-Reactivity between MERS Coronavirus and Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23.</title><author><name sortKey="Woo, Patrick C Y" sort="Woo, Patrick C Y" uniqKey="Woo P" first="Patrick C Y" last="Woo">Patrick C Y. Woo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. pcywoo@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Susanna K P" sort="Lau, Susanna K P" uniqKey="Lau S" first="Susanna K P" last="Lau">Susanna K P. Lau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. skplau@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Rachel Y Y" sort="Fan, Rachel Y Y" uniqKey="Fan R" first="Rachel Y Y" last="Fan">Rachel Y Y. Fan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. rachelfyy2004@yahoo.com.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Candy C Y" sort="Lau, Candy C Y" uniqKey="Lau C" first="Candy C Y" last="Lau">Candy C Y. Lau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. candylaucy@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Emily Y M" sort="Wong, Emily Y M" uniqKey="Wong E" first="Emily Y M" last="Wong">Emily Y M. Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. emilyhk2811@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joseph, Sunitha" sort="Joseph, Sunitha" uniqKey="Joseph S" first="Sunitha" last="Joseph">Sunitha Joseph</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE. sjoseph@cvrl.ae.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Émirats arabes unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, Alan K L" sort="Tsang, Alan K L" uniqKey="Tsang A" first="Alan K L" last="Tsang">Alan K L. Tsang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. alantsangmb@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wernery, Renate" sort="Wernery, Renate" uniqKey="Wernery R" first="Renate" last="Wernery">Renate Wernery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE. wernery@cvrl.ae.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Émirats arabes unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yip, Cyril C Y" sort="Yip, Cyril C Y" uniqKey="Yip C" first="Cyril C Y" last="Yip">Cyril C Y. Yip</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. cyrilyip@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, Chi Ching" sort="Tsang, Chi Ching" uniqKey="Tsang C" first="Chi-Ching" last="Tsang">Chi-Ching Tsang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. microbioct@connect.hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wernery, Ulrich" sort="Wernery, Ulrich" uniqKey="Wernery U" first="Ulrich" last="Wernery">Ulrich Wernery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE. cvrl@cvrl.ae.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Émirats arabes unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. kyyuen@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pokfulam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of molecular sciences</title><idno type="eISSN">1422-0067</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Camelus (virology)</term><term>Cell Line, Tumor</term><term>Cross Reactions</term><term>Genes, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mice</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (classification)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (immunology)</term><term>Phylogeny</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Chameaux (virologie)</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient ()</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique)</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (immunologie)</term><term>Gènes viraux</term><term>Humains</term><term>Lignée cellulaire tumorale</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Réactions croisées</term><term>Souris</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chameaux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Cell Line, Tumor</term><term>Cross Reactions</term><term>Genes, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mice</term><term>Phylogeny</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term><term>Gènes viraux</term><term>Humains</term><term>Lignée cellulaire tumorale</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Réactions croisées</term><term>Souris</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Recently, we reported the discovery of a dromedary camel coronavirus UAE-HKU23 (DcCoV UAE-HKU23) from dromedaries in the Middle East. In this study, DcCoV UAE-HKU23 was successfully isolated in two of the 14 dromedary fecal samples using HRT-18G cells, with cytopathic effects observed five days after inoculation. Northern blot analysis revealed at least seven distinct RNA species, corresponding to predicted subgenomic mRNAs and confirming the core sequence of transcription regulatory sequence motifs as 5'-UCUAAAC-3' as we predicted previously. Antibodies against DcCoV UAE-HKU23 were detected in 58 (98.3%) and 59 (100%) of the 59 dromedary sera by immunofluorescence and neutralization antibody tests, respectively. There was significant correlation between the antibody titers determined by immunofluorescence and neutralization assays (Pearson coefficient = 0.525, p < 0.0001). Immunization of mice using recombinant N proteins of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), respectively, and heat-inactivated DcCoV UAE-HKU23 showed minimal cross-antigenicity between DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and MERS-CoV by Western blot and neutralization antibody assays. Codon usage and genetic distance analysis of RdRp, S and N genes showed that the 14 strains of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 formed a distinct cluster, separated from those of other closely related members of Betacoronavirus 1, including alpaca CoV, confirming that DcCoV UAE-HKU23 is a novel member of Betacoronavirus 1. </div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27164099</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>09</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1422-0067</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>17</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>07</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of molecular sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Mol Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Isolation and Characterization of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23 from Dromedaries of the Middle East: Minimal Serological Cross-Reactivity between MERS Coronavirus and Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/ijms17050691</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E691</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Recently, we reported the discovery of a dromedary camel coronavirus UAE-HKU23 (DcCoV UAE-HKU23) from dromedaries in the Middle East. In this study, DcCoV UAE-HKU23 was successfully isolated in two of the 14 dromedary fecal samples using HRT-18G cells, with cytopathic effects observed five days after inoculation. Northern blot analysis revealed at least seven distinct RNA species, corresponding to predicted subgenomic mRNAs and confirming the core sequence of transcription regulatory sequence motifs as 5'-UCUAAAC-3' as we predicted previously. Antibodies against DcCoV UAE-HKU23 were detected in 58 (98.3%) and 59 (100%) of the 59 dromedary sera by immunofluorescence and neutralization antibody tests, respectively. There was significant correlation between the antibody titers determined by immunofluorescence and neutralization assays (Pearson coefficient = 0.525, p < 0.0001). Immunization of mice using recombinant N proteins of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), respectively, and heat-inactivated DcCoV UAE-HKU23 showed minimal cross-antigenicity between DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and MERS-CoV by Western blot and neutralization antibody assays. Codon usage and genetic distance analysis of RdRp, S and N genes showed that the 14 strains of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 formed a distinct cluster, separated from those of other closely related members of Betacoronavirus 1, including alpaca CoV, confirming that DcCoV UAE-HKU23 is a novel member of Betacoronavirus 1. </AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Woo</LastName><ForeName>Patrick C Y</ForeName><Initials>PC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. pcywoo@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. pcywoo@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. pcywoo@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. pcywoo@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China. pcywoo@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lau</LastName><ForeName>Susanna K P</ForeName><Initials>SK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. skplau@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. skplau@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. skplau@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. skplau@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China. skplau@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fan</LastName><ForeName>Rachel Y Y</ForeName><Initials>RY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. rachelfyy2004@yahoo.com.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lau</LastName><ForeName>Candy C Y</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. candylaucy@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wong</LastName><ForeName>Emily Y M</ForeName><Initials>EY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. emilyhk2811@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Joseph</LastName><ForeName>Sunitha</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE. sjoseph@cvrl.ae.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tsang</LastName><ForeName>Alan K L</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. alantsangmb@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wernery</LastName><ForeName>Renate</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE. wernery@cvrl.ae.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yip</LastName><ForeName>Cyril C Y</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. cyrilyip@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tsang</LastName><ForeName>Chi-Ching</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. microbioct@connect.hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wernery</LastName><ForeName>Ulrich</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE. cvrl@cvrl.ae.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yuen</LastName><ForeName>Kwok-Yung</ForeName><Initials>KY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. kyyuen@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. kyyuen@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. kyyuen@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. kyyuen@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China. kyyuen@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate 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