MERS-CoV at the Animal-Human Interface: Inputs on Exposure Pathways from an Expert-Opinion Elicitation.
Identifieur interne : 001022 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001021; suivant : 001023MERS-CoV at the Animal-Human Interface: Inputs on Exposure Pathways from an Expert-Opinion Elicitation.
Auteurs : Anna L. Funk [France] ; Flavie Luce Goutard [France] ; Eve Miguel [France] ; Mathieu Bourgarel [France] ; Veronique Chevalier [France] ; Bernard Faye [France] ; J S Malik Peiris [République populaire de Chine] ; Maria D. Van Kerkhove [France] ; Francois Louis Roger [France]Source :
- Frontiers in veterinary science [ 2297-1769 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Nearly 4 years after the first report of the emergence of Middle-East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and nearly 1800 human cases later, the ecology of MERS-CoV, its epidemiology, and more than risk factors of MERS-CoV transmission between camels are poorly understood. Knowledge about the pathways and mechanisms of transmission from animals to humans is limited; as of yet, transmission risks have not been quantified. Moreover the divergent sanitary situations and exposures to animals among populations in the Arabian Peninsula, where human primary cases appear to dominate, vs. other regions in the Middle East and Africa, with no reported human clinical cases and where the virus has been detected only in dromedaries, represents huge scientific and health challenges. Here, we have used expert-opinion elicitation in order to obtain ideas on relative importance of MERS-CoV risk factors and estimates of transmission risks from various types of contact between humans and dromedaries. Fourteen experts with diverse and extensive experience in MERS-CoV relevant fields were enrolled and completed an online questionnaire that examined pathways based on several scenarios, e.g., camels-camels, camels-human, bats/other species to camels/humans, and the role of diverse biological substances (milk, urine, etc.) and potential fomites. Experts believed that dromedary camels play the largest role in MERS-CoV infection of other dromedaries; however, they also indicated a significant influence of the season (i.e. calving or weaning periods) on transmission risk. All experts thought that MERS-CoV-infected dromedaries and asymptomatic humans play the most important role in infection of humans, with bats and other species presenting a possible, but yet undefined, risk. Direct and indirect contact of humans with dromedary camels were identified as the most risky types of contact, when compared to consumption of various camel products, with estimated "most likely" incidence risks of at least 22 and 13% for direct and indirect contact, respectively. The results of our study are consistent with available, yet very limited, published data regarding the potential pathways of transmission of MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface. These results identify key knowledge gaps and highlight the need for more comprehensive, yet focused research to be conducted to better understand transmission between dromedaries and humans.
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00088
PubMed: 27761437
Affiliations:
- France, République populaire de Chine
- Languedoc-Roussillon, Occitanie (région administrative)
- Montpellier
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Funk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UEME, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UEME, Institut Pasteur , Paris </wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Paris </wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Paris </wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goutard, Flavie Luce" sort="Goutard, Flavie Luce" uniqKey="Goutard F" first="Flavie Luce" last="Goutard">Flavie Luce Goutard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier </wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; UMR MIVEGEC, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; UMR MIVEGEC, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bourgarel, Mathieu" sort="Bourgarel, Mathieu" uniqKey="Bourgarel M" first="Mathieu" last="Bourgarel">Mathieu Bourgarel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier </wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier </wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faye, Bernard" sort="Faye, Bernard" uniqKey="Faye B" first="Bernard" last="Faye">Bernard Faye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier </wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, J S Malik" sort="Peiris, J S Malik" uniqKey="Peiris J" first="J S Malik" last="Peiris">J S Malik Peiris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Hong Kong, China; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Hong Kong, China; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Kerkhove, Maria D" sort="Van Kerkhove, Maria D" uniqKey="Van Kerkhove M" first="Maria D" last="Van Kerkhove">Maria D. Van Kerkhove</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Global Health, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Global Health, Institut Pasteur , Paris </wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Paris </wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Paris </wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois Louis" sort="Roger, Francois Louis" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois Louis" last="Roger">Francois Louis Roger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier </wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Montpellier </wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in veterinary science</title><idno type="ISSN">2297-1769</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Nearly 4 years after the first report of the emergence of Middle-East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and nearly 1800 human cases later, the ecology of MERS-CoV, its epidemiology, and more than risk factors of MERS-CoV transmission between camels are poorly understood. Knowledge about the pathways and mechanisms of transmission from animals to humans is limited; as of yet, transmission risks have not been quantified. Moreover the divergent sanitary situations and exposures to animals among populations in the Arabian Peninsula, where human primary cases appear to dominate, vs. other regions in the Middle East and Africa, with no reported human clinical cases and where the virus has been detected only in dromedaries, represents huge scientific and health challenges. Here, we have used expert-opinion elicitation in order to obtain ideas on relative importance of MERS-CoV risk factors and estimates of transmission risks from various types of contact between humans and dromedaries. Fourteen experts with diverse and extensive experience in MERS-CoV relevant fields were enrolled and completed an online questionnaire that examined pathways based on several scenarios, e.g., camels-camels, camels-human, bats/other species to camels/humans, and the role of diverse biological substances (milk, urine, etc.) and potential fomites. Experts believed that dromedary camels play the largest role in MERS-CoV infection of other dromedaries; however, they also indicated a significant influence of the season (i.e. calving or weaning periods) on transmission risk. All experts thought that MERS-CoV-infected dromedaries and asymptomatic humans play the most important role in infection of humans, with bats and other species presenting a possible, but yet undefined, risk. Direct and indirect contact of humans with dromedary camels were identified as the most risky types of contact, when compared to consumption of various camel products, with estimated "most likely" incidence risks of at least 22 and 13% for direct and indirect contact, respectively. The results of our study are consistent with available, yet very limited, published data regarding the potential pathways of transmission of MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface. These results identify key knowledge gaps and highlight the need for more comprehensive, yet focused research to be conducted to better understand transmission between dromedaries and humans.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27761437</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2297-1769</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>3</Volume><PubDate><Year>2016</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in veterinary science</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Vet Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>MERS-CoV at the Animal-Human Interface: Inputs on Exposure Pathways from an Expert-Opinion Elicitation.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>88</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Nearly 4 years after the first report of the emergence of Middle-East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and nearly 1800 human cases later, the ecology of MERS-CoV, its epidemiology, and more than risk factors of MERS-CoV transmission between camels are poorly understood. Knowledge about the pathways and mechanisms of transmission from animals to humans is limited; as of yet, transmission risks have not been quantified. Moreover the divergent sanitary situations and exposures to animals among populations in the Arabian Peninsula, where human primary cases appear to dominate, vs. other regions in the Middle East and Africa, with no reported human clinical cases and where the virus has been detected only in dromedaries, represents huge scientific and health challenges. Here, we have used expert-opinion elicitation in order to obtain ideas on relative importance of MERS-CoV risk factors and estimates of transmission risks from various types of contact between humans and dromedaries. Fourteen experts with diverse and extensive experience in MERS-CoV relevant fields were enrolled and completed an online questionnaire that examined pathways based on several scenarios, e.g., camels-camels, camels-human, bats/other species to camels/humans, and the role of diverse biological substances (milk, urine, etc.) and potential fomites. Experts believed that dromedary camels play the largest role in MERS-CoV infection of other dromedaries; however, they also indicated a significant influence of the season (i.e. calving or weaning periods) on transmission risk. All experts thought that MERS-CoV-infected dromedaries and asymptomatic humans play the most important role in infection of humans, with bats and other species presenting a possible, but yet undefined, risk. Direct and indirect contact of humans with dromedary camels were identified as the most risky types of contact, when compared to consumption of various camel products, with estimated "most likely" incidence risks of at least 22 and 13% for direct and indirect contact, respectively. The results of our study are consistent with available, yet very limited, published data regarding the potential pathways of transmission of MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface. These results identify key knowledge gaps and highlight the need for more comprehensive, yet focused research to be conducted to better understand transmission between dromedaries and humans.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Funk</LastName><ForeName>Anna L</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UEME, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goutard</LastName><ForeName>Flavie Luce</ForeName><Initials>FL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miguel</LastName><ForeName>Eve</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; UMR MIVEGEC, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM, Montpellier, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bourgarel</LastName><ForeName>Mathieu</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chevalier</LastName><ForeName>Veronique</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Faye</LastName><ForeName>Bernard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peiris</LastName><ForeName>J S Malik</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Hong Kong, China; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van Kerkhove</LastName><ForeName>Maria D</ForeName><Initials>MD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Global Health, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roger</LastName><ForeName>Francois Louis</ForeName><Initials>FL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cirad, UPR AGIRs Research Unit , Montpellier , France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Vet Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101666658</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2297-1769</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">MERS-CoV</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">animal–human interface</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">infection</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">risk factors</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27761437</ArticleId><ArticleId 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Funk</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bourgarel, Mathieu" sort="Bourgarel, Mathieu" uniqKey="Bourgarel M" first="Mathieu" last="Bourgarel">Mathieu Bourgarel</name><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name><name sortKey="Faye, Bernard" sort="Faye, Bernard" uniqKey="Faye B" first="Bernard" last="Faye">Bernard Faye</name><name sortKey="Goutard, Flavie Luce" sort="Goutard, Flavie Luce" uniqKey="Goutard F" first="Flavie Luce" last="Goutard">Flavie Luce Goutard</name><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name><name sortKey="Roger, Francois Louis" sort="Roger, Francois Louis" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois Louis" last="Roger">Francois Louis Roger</name><name sortKey="Van Kerkhove, Maria D" sort="Van Kerkhove, Maria D" uniqKey="Van Kerkhove M" first="Maria D" last="Van Kerkhove">Maria D. Van Kerkhove</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Peiris, J S Malik" sort="Peiris, J S Malik" uniqKey="Peiris J" first="J S Malik" last="Peiris">J S Malik Peiris</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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