Characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies against the MERS-coronavirus spike protein and their application in species-independent antibody detection by competitive ELISA.
Identifieur interne : 000992 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000991; suivant : 000993Characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies against the MERS-coronavirus spike protein and their application in species-independent antibody detection by competitive ELISA.
Auteurs : Shuetsu Fukushi [Japon] ; Aiko Fukuma [Japon] ; Takeshi Kurosu [Japon] ; Shumpei Watanabe [Japon] ; Masayuki Shimojima [Japon] ; Kazuya Shirato [Japon] ; Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa [Japon] ; Noriyo Nagata [Japon] ; Kazuo Ohnishi [Japon] ; Manabu Ato [Japon] ; Simenew Keskes Melaku [Éthiopie] ; Hiroshi Sentsui [Japon] ; Masayuki Saijo [Japon]Source :
- Journal of virological methods [ 1879-0984 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Anticorps antiviraux (immunologie), Anticorps antiviraux (isolement et purification), Anticorps monoclonaux (immunologie), Anticorps monoclonaux (isolement et purification), Anticorps monoclonaux (sang), Chameaux, Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (immunologie), Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus (immunologie), Lapins, Rats, Sensibilité et spécificité, Test ELISA ().
- MESH :
- immunologie : Anticorps antiviraux, Anticorps monoclonaux, Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient, Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus.
- isolement et purification : Anticorps antiviraux, Anticorps monoclonaux.
- sang : Anticorps monoclonaux.
- Animaux, Chameaux, Lapins, Rats, Sensibilité et spécificité, Test ELISA.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal (blood), Antibodies, Monoclonal (immunology), Antibodies, Monoclonal (isolation & purification), Antibodies, Viral (immunology), Antibodies, Viral (isolation & purification), Camelus, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (methods), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (immunology), Rabbits, Rats, Sensitivity and Specificity, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (immunology).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Monoclonal.
- chemical , immunology : Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Viral, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus.
- chemical , isolation & purification : Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Viral.
- immunology : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- methods : Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
- Animals, Camelus, Rabbits, Rats, Sensitivity and Specificity.
Abstract
Since discovering the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as a causative agent of severe respiratory illness in the Middle East in 2012, serological testing has been conducted to assess antibody responses in patients and to investigate the zoonotic reservoir of the virus. Although the virus neutralization test is the gold standard assay for MERS diagnosis and for investigating the zoonotic reservoir, it uses live virus and so must be performed in high containment laboratories. Competitive ELISA (cELISA), in which a labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) competes with test serum antibodies for target epitopes, may be a suitable alternative because it detects antibodies in a species-independent manner. In this study, novel MAbs against the spike protein of MERS-CoV were produced and characterized. One of these MAbs was used to develop a cELISA. The cELISA detected MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in sera from MERS-CoV-infected rats and rabbits immunized with the spike protein of MERS-CoV. The MAb-based cELISA was validated using sera from Ethiopian dromedary camels. Relative to the neutralization test, the cELISA detected MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in 66 Ethiopian dromedary camels with a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 100%, respectively. The cELISA and neutralization test results correlated well (Pearson's correlation coefficients=0.71-0.76, depending on the cELISA serum dilution). This cELISA may be useful for MERS epidemiological investigations on MERS-CoV infection.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.10.008
PubMed: 28993122
Affiliations:
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Electronic address: fukushi@nih.go.jp.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuma, Aiko" sort="Fukuma, Aiko" uniqKey="Fukuma A" first="Aiko" last="Fukuma">Aiko Fukuma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurosu, Takeshi" sort="Kurosu, Takeshi" uniqKey="Kurosu T" first="Takeshi" last="Kurosu">Takeshi Kurosu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Shumpei" sort="Watanabe, Shumpei" uniqKey="Watanabe S" first="Shumpei" last="Watanabe">Shumpei Watanabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shimojima, Masayuki" sort="Shimojima, Masayuki" uniqKey="Shimojima M" first="Masayuki" last="Shimojima">Masayuki Shimojima</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shirato, Kazuya" sort="Shirato, Kazuya" uniqKey="Shirato K" first="Kazuya" last="Shirato">Kazuya Shirato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" sort="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" uniqKey="Iwata Yoshikawa N" first="Naoko" last="Iwata-Yoshikawa">Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagata, Noriyo" sort="Nagata, Noriyo" uniqKey="Nagata N" first="Noriyo" last="Nagata">Noriyo Nagata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohnishi, Kazuo" sort="Ohnishi, Kazuo" uniqKey="Ohnishi K" first="Kazuo" last="Ohnishi">Kazuo Ohnishi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ato, Manabu" sort="Ato, Manabu" uniqKey="Ato M" first="Manabu" last="Ato">Manabu Ato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" sort="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" uniqKey="Melaku S" first="Simenew Keskes" last="Melaku">Simenew Keskes Melaku</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa Science and Technology University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sentsui, Hiroshi" sort="Sentsui, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Sentsui H" first="Hiroshi" last="Sentsui">Hiroshi Sentsui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nihon University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saijo, Masayuki" sort="Saijo, Masayuki" uniqKey="Saijo M" first="Masayuki" last="Saijo">Masayuki Saijo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of virological methods</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-0984</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal (blood)</term><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal (immunology)</term><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal (isolation & purification)</term><term>Antibodies, Viral (immunology)</term><term>Antibodies, Viral (isolation & purification)</term><term>Camelus</term><term>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (methods)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (immunology)</term><term>Rabbits</term><term>Rats</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (immunology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Anticorps antiviraux (immunologie)</term><term>Anticorps antiviraux (isolement et purification)</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux (immunologie)</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux (isolement et purification)</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux (sang)</term><term>Chameaux</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (immunologie)</term><term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus (immunologie)</term><term>Lapins</term><term>Rats</term><term>Sensibilité et spécificité</term><term>Test ELISA ()</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal</term><term>Antibodies, Viral</term><term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal</term><term>Antibodies, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term><term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps monoclonaux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Camelus</term><term>Rabbits</term><term>Rats</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Chameaux</term><term>Lapins</term><term>Rats</term><term>Sensibilité et spécificité</term><term>Test ELISA</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Since discovering the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as a causative agent of severe respiratory illness in the Middle East in 2012, serological testing has been conducted to assess antibody responses in patients and to investigate the zoonotic reservoir of the virus. Although the virus neutralization test is the gold standard assay for MERS diagnosis and for investigating the zoonotic reservoir, it uses live virus and so must be performed in high containment laboratories. Competitive ELISA (cELISA), in which a labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) competes with test serum antibodies for target epitopes, may be a suitable alternative because it detects antibodies in a species-independent manner. In this study, novel MAbs against the spike protein of MERS-CoV were produced and characterized. One of these MAbs was used to develop a cELISA. The cELISA detected MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in sera from MERS-CoV-infected rats and rabbits immunized with the spike protein of MERS-CoV. The MAb-based cELISA was validated using sera from Ethiopian dromedary camels. Relative to the neutralization test, the cELISA detected MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in 66 Ethiopian dromedary camels with a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 100%, respectively. The cELISA and neutralization test results correlated well (Pearson's correlation coefficients=0.71-0.76, depending on the cELISA serum dilution). This cELISA may be useful for MERS epidemiological investigations on MERS-CoV infection.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28993122</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>01</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>03</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-0984</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>251</Volume><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>01</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of virological methods</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J. Virol. Methods</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies against the MERS-coronavirus spike protein and their application in species-independent antibody detection by competitive ELISA.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>22-29</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0166-0934(17)30582-7</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.10.008</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Since discovering the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as a causative agent of severe respiratory illness in the Middle East in 2012, serological testing has been conducted to assess antibody responses in patients and to investigate the zoonotic reservoir of the virus. Although the virus neutralization test is the gold standard assay for MERS diagnosis and for investigating the zoonotic reservoir, it uses live virus and so must be performed in high containment laboratories. Competitive ELISA (cELISA), in which a labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) competes with test serum antibodies for target epitopes, may be a suitable alternative because it detects antibodies in a species-independent manner. In this study, novel MAbs against the spike protein of MERS-CoV were produced and characterized. One of these MAbs was used to develop a cELISA. The cELISA detected MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in sera from MERS-CoV-infected rats and rabbits immunized with the spike protein of MERS-CoV. The MAb-based cELISA was validated using sera from Ethiopian dromedary camels. Relative to the neutralization test, the cELISA detected MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in 66 Ethiopian dromedary camels with a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 100%, respectively. The cELISA and neutralization test results correlated well (Pearson's correlation coefficients=0.71-0.76, depending on the cELISA serum dilution). This cELISA may be useful for MERS epidemiological investigations on MERS-CoV infection.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fukushi</LastName><ForeName>Shuetsu</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. Electronic address: fukushi@nih.go.jp.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fukuma</LastName><ForeName>Aiko</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kurosu</LastName><ForeName>Takeshi</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Watanabe</LastName><ForeName>Shumpei</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shimojima</LastName><ForeName>Masayuki</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shirato</LastName><ForeName>Kazuya</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Iwata-Yoshikawa</LastName><ForeName>Naoko</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nagata</LastName><ForeName>Noriyo</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ohnishi</LastName><ForeName>Kazuo</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ato</LastName><ForeName>Manabu</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Melaku</LastName><ForeName>Simenew Keskes</ForeName><Initials>SK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sentsui</LastName><ForeName>Hiroshi</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saijo</LastName><ForeName>Masayuki</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D023361">Validation Study</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>06</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>J Virol Methods</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8005839</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0166-0934</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000911">Antibodies, Monoclonal</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000914">Antibodies, Viral</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D064370">Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000911" MajorTopicYN="N">Antibodies, Monoclonal</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000914" MajorTopicYN="N">Antibodies, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002162" MajorTopicYN="N">Camelus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004797" MajorTopicYN="N">Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065207" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011817" MajorTopicYN="N">Rabbits</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051381" MajorTopicYN="N">Rats</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012680" MajorTopicYN="N">Sensitivity and Specificity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D064370" MajorTopicYN="N">Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Competitive ELISA</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Epidemiology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">MERS 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Naoko" sort="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" uniqKey="Iwata Yoshikawa N" first="Naoko" last="Iwata-Yoshikawa">Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa</name><name sortKey="Kurosu, Takeshi" sort="Kurosu, Takeshi" uniqKey="Kurosu T" first="Takeshi" last="Kurosu">Takeshi Kurosu</name><name sortKey="Nagata, Noriyo" sort="Nagata, Noriyo" uniqKey="Nagata N" first="Noriyo" last="Nagata">Noriyo Nagata</name><name sortKey="Ohnishi, Kazuo" sort="Ohnishi, Kazuo" uniqKey="Ohnishi K" first="Kazuo" last="Ohnishi">Kazuo Ohnishi</name><name sortKey="Saijo, Masayuki" sort="Saijo, Masayuki" uniqKey="Saijo M" first="Masayuki" last="Saijo">Masayuki Saijo</name><name sortKey="Sentsui, Hiroshi" sort="Sentsui, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Sentsui H" first="Hiroshi" last="Sentsui">Hiroshi Sentsui</name><name sortKey="Shimojima, Masayuki" sort="Shimojima, Masayuki" uniqKey="Shimojima M" first="Masayuki" last="Shimojima">Masayuki Shimojima</name><name sortKey="Shirato, Kazuya" sort="Shirato, Kazuya" uniqKey="Shirato K" first="Kazuya" last="Shirato">Kazuya Shirato</name><name sortKey="Watanabe, Shumpei" sort="Watanabe, Shumpei" uniqKey="Watanabe S" first="Shumpei" last="Watanabe">Shumpei Watanabe</name></country><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" sort="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" uniqKey="Melaku S" first="Simenew Keskes" last="Melaku">Simenew Keskes Melaku</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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