Mapping Potential Amplification and Transmission Hotspots for MERS-CoV, Kenya.
Identifieur interne : 000852 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000851; suivant : 000853Mapping Potential Amplification and Transmission Hotspots for MERS-CoV, Kenya.
Auteurs : Stephen Gikonyo [Kenya] ; Tabitha Kimani [Kenya] ; Joseph Matere [Kenya] ; Joshua Kimutai [Kenya] ; Stella G. Kiambi [Kenya] ; Austine O. Bitek [Kenya] ; K J Z. Juma Ngeiywa [Kenya] ; Yilma J. Makonnen [Kenya] ; Astrid Tripodi [Italie] ; Subhash Morzaria [Italie] ; Juan Lubroth [Italie] ; Gabriel Rugalema [Kenya] ; Folorunso Oludayo Fasina [Kenya]Source :
- EcoHealth [ 1612-9210 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Cartographie géographique, Chameaux (virologie), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient, Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire), Infections à coronavirus (transmission), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Kenya (épidémiologie), Maladies de l'animal (transmission), Maladies de l'animal (épidémiologie), Prévalence, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (médecine vétérinaire), Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (virologie), Surveillance de la santé publique, Systèmes d'information géographique, Études séroépidémiologiques.
- MESH :
- médecine vétérinaire : Infections à coronavirus, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes.
- virologie : Chameaux, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes.
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Kenya, Maladies de l'animal.
- Animaux, Cartographie géographique, Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient, Prévalence, Surveillance de la santé publique, Systèmes d'information géographique, Études séroépidémiologiques.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Kenya.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animal Diseases (epidemiology), Animal Diseases (transmission), Animals, Camelus (virology), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (transmission), Coronavirus Infections (veterinary), Disease Reservoirs (veterinary), Disease Reservoirs (virology), Geographic Information Systems, Geographic Mapping, Kenya (epidemiology), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Prevalence, Public Health Surveillance, Seroepidemiologic Studies.
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Kenya.
- epidemiology : Animal Diseases, Coronavirus Infections.
- transmission : Animal Diseases, Coronavirus Infections.
- veterinary : Coronavirus Infections, Disease Reservoirs.
- virology : Camelus, Disease Reservoirs.
- Animals, Geographic Information Systems, Geographic Mapping, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Prevalence, Public Health Surveillance, Seroepidemiologic Studies.
Abstract
Dromedary camels have been implicated consistently as the source of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) human infections and attention to prevent and control it has focused on camels. To understanding the epidemiological role of camels in the transmission of MERS-CoV, we utilized an iterative empirical process in Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify and qualify potential hotspots for maintenance and circulation of MERS-CoV, and produced risk-based surveillance sites in Kenya. Data on camel population and distribution were used to develop camel density map, while camel farming system was defined using multi-factorial criteria including the agro-ecological zones (AEZs), production and marketing practices. Primary and secondary MERS-CoV seroprevalence data from specific sites were analyzed, and location-based prevalence matching with camel densities was conducted. High-risk convergence points (migration zones, trade routes, camel markets, slaughter slabs) were profiled and frequent cross-border camel movement mapped. Results showed that high camel-dense areas and interaction (markets and migration zones) were potential hotspot for transmission and spread. Cross-border contacts occurred with in-migrated herds at hotspot locations. AEZ differential did not influence risk distribution and plausible risk factors for spatial MERS-CoV hotspots were camel densities, previous cases of MERS-CoV, high seroprevalence and points of camel convergences. Although Kenyan camels are predisposed to MERS-CoV, no shedding is documented to date. These potential hotspots, determined using anthropogenic, system and trade characterizations should guide selection of sampling/surveillance sites, high-risk locations, critical areas for interventions and policy development in Kenya, as well as instigate further virological examination of camels.
DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1317-6
PubMed: 29549589
Affiliations:
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Juma Ngeiywa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makonnen, Yilma J" sort="Makonnen, Yilma J" uniqKey="Makonnen Y" first="Yilma J" last="Makonnen">Yilma J. Makonnen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD), Regional Office for East Africa Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD), Regional Office for East Africa Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gigiri</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tripodi, Astrid" sort="Tripodi, Astrid" uniqKey="Tripodi A" first="Astrid" last="Tripodi">Astrid Tripodi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morzaria, Subhash" sort="Morzaria, Subhash" uniqKey="Morzaria S" first="Subhash" last="Morzaria">Subhash Morzaria</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lubroth, Juan" sort="Lubroth, Juan" uniqKey="Lubroth J" first="Juan" last="Lubroth">Juan Lubroth</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rugalema, Gabriel" sort="Rugalema, Gabriel" uniqKey="Rugalema G" first="Gabriel" last="Rugalema">Gabriel Rugalema</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gigiri</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo" sort="Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo" uniqKey="Fasina F" first="Folorunso Oludayo" last="Fasina">Folorunso Oludayo Fasina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya. 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Kiambi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gigiri</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bitek, Austine O" sort="Bitek, Austine O" uniqKey="Bitek A" first="Austine O" last="Bitek">Austine O. Bitek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gigiri</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juma Ngeiywa, K J Z" sort="Juma Ngeiywa, K J Z" uniqKey="Juma Ngeiywa K" first="K J Z" last="Juma Ngeiywa">K J Z. Juma Ngeiywa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makonnen, Yilma J" sort="Makonnen, Yilma J" uniqKey="Makonnen Y" first="Yilma J" last="Makonnen">Yilma J. Makonnen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD), Regional Office for East Africa Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD), Regional Office for East Africa Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gigiri</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tripodi, Astrid" sort="Tripodi, Astrid" uniqKey="Tripodi A" first="Astrid" last="Tripodi">Astrid Tripodi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morzaria, Subhash" sort="Morzaria, Subhash" uniqKey="Morzaria S" first="Subhash" last="Morzaria">Subhash Morzaria</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lubroth, Juan" sort="Lubroth, Juan" uniqKey="Lubroth J" first="Juan" last="Lubroth">Juan Lubroth</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rugalema, Gabriel" sort="Rugalema, Gabriel" uniqKey="Rugalema G" first="Gabriel" last="Rugalema">Gabriel Rugalema</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gigiri</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo" sort="Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo" uniqKey="Fasina F" first="Folorunso Oludayo" last="Fasina">Folorunso Oludayo Fasina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya. Folorunso.fasina@fao.org.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gigiri</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">EcoHealth</title><idno type="eISSN">1612-9210</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animal Diseases (epidemiology)</term><term>Animal Diseases (transmission)</term><term>Animals</term><term>Camelus (virology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Disease Reservoirs (veterinary)</term><term>Disease Reservoirs (virology)</term><term>Geographic Information Systems</term><term>Geographic Mapping</term><term>Kenya (epidemiology)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Public Health Surveillance</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Cartographie géographique</term><term>Chameaux (virologie)</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (transmission)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term><term>Kenya (épidémiologie)</term><term>Maladies de l'animal (transmission)</term><term>Maladies de l'animal (épidémiologie)</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes (virologie)</term><term>Surveillance de la santé publique</term><term>Systèmes d'information géographique</term><term>Études séroépidémiologiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Kenya</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Animal Diseases</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Animal Diseases</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chameaux</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Kenya</term><term>Maladies de l'animal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Geographic Information Systems</term><term>Geographic Mapping</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Public Health Surveillance</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Cartographie géographique</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Surveillance de la santé publique</term><term>Systèmes d'information géographique</term><term>Études séroépidémiologiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Kenya</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Dromedary camels have been implicated consistently as the source of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) human infections and attention to prevent and control it has focused on camels. To understanding the epidemiological role of camels in the transmission of MERS-CoV, we utilized an iterative empirical process in Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify and qualify potential hotspots for maintenance and circulation of MERS-CoV, and produced risk-based surveillance sites in Kenya. Data on camel population and distribution were used to develop camel density map, while camel farming system was defined using multi-factorial criteria including the agro-ecological zones (AEZs), production and marketing practices. Primary and secondary MERS-CoV seroprevalence data from specific sites were analyzed, and location-based prevalence matching with camel densities was conducted. High-risk convergence points (migration zones, trade routes, camel markets, slaughter slabs) were profiled and frequent cross-border camel movement mapped. Results showed that high camel-dense areas and interaction (markets and migration zones) were potential hotspot for transmission and spread. Cross-border contacts occurred with in-migrated herds at hotspot locations. AEZ differential did not influence risk distribution and plausible risk factors for spatial MERS-CoV hotspots were camel densities, previous cases of MERS-CoV, high seroprevalence and points of camel convergences. Although Kenyan camels are predisposed to MERS-CoV, no shedding is documented to date. These potential hotspots, determined using anthropogenic, system and trade characterizations should guide selection of sampling/surveillance sites, high-risk locations, critical areas for interventions and policy development in Kenya, as well as instigate further virological examination of camels.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29549589</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>28</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>24</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1612-9210</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>15</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>06</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>EcoHealth</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Ecohealth</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Mapping Potential Amplification and Transmission Hotspots for MERS-CoV, Kenya.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>372-387</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s10393-018-1317-6</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Dromedary camels have been implicated consistently as the source of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) human infections and attention to prevent and control it has focused on camels. To understanding the epidemiological role of camels in the transmission of MERS-CoV, we utilized an iterative empirical process in Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify and qualify potential hotspots for maintenance and circulation of MERS-CoV, and produced risk-based surveillance sites in Kenya. Data on camel population and distribution were used to develop camel density map, while camel farming system was defined using multi-factorial criteria including the agro-ecological zones (AEZs), production and marketing practices. Primary and secondary MERS-CoV seroprevalence data from specific sites were analyzed, and location-based prevalence matching with camel densities was conducted. High-risk convergence points (migration zones, trade routes, camel markets, slaughter slabs) were profiled and frequent cross-border camel movement mapped. Results showed that high camel-dense areas and interaction (markets and migration zones) were potential hotspot for transmission and spread. Cross-border contacts occurred with in-migrated herds at hotspot locations. AEZ differential did not influence risk distribution and plausible risk factors for spatial MERS-CoV hotspots were camel densities, previous cases of MERS-CoV, high seroprevalence and points of camel convergences. Although Kenyan camels are predisposed to MERS-CoV, no shedding is documented to date. These potential hotspots, determined using anthropogenic, system and trade characterizations should guide selection of sampling/surveillance sites, high-risk locations, critical areas for interventions and policy development in Kenya, as well as instigate further virological examination of camels.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gikonyo</LastName><ForeName>Stephen</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kimani</LastName><ForeName>Tabitha</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD), Regional Office for East Africa Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Matere</LastName><ForeName>Joseph</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kimutai</LastName><ForeName>Joshua</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kiambi</LastName><ForeName>Stella G</ForeName><Initials>SG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bitek</LastName><ForeName>Austine O</ForeName><Initials>AO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Juma Ngeiywa</LastName><ForeName>K J Z</ForeName><Initials>KJZ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Makonnen</LastName><ForeName>Yilma J</ForeName><Initials>YJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD), Regional Office for East Africa Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tripodi</LastName><ForeName>Astrid</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morzaria</LastName><ForeName>Subhash</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lubroth</LastName><ForeName>Juan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rugalema</LastName><ForeName>Gabriel</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fasina</LastName><ForeName>Folorunso Oludayo</ForeName><Initials>FO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases - (ECTAD) Kenya, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Office in Nairobi, Gigiri, Kenya. Folorunso.fasina@fao.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. Folorunso.fasina@fao.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>OSRO/GLO/505/USA</GrantID><Agency>United States Agency for International Development</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013486">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Ecohealth</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101222144</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1612-9202</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000820" MajorTopicYN="N">Animal Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002162" MajorTopicYN="N">Camelus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="Y">veterinary</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004197" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Reservoirs</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="Y">veterinary</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D040362" MajorTopicYN="N">Geographic Information Systems</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D062305" MajorTopicYN="Y">Geographic Mapping</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007630" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Kenya</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065207" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015995" MajorTopicYN="N">Prevalence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D062486" MajorTopicYN="N">Public Health Surveillance</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016036" MajorTopicYN="N">Seroepidemiologic Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Kenya</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">MERS-CoV</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">camel</Keyword><Keyword 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Bitek</name><name sortKey="Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo" sort="Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo" uniqKey="Fasina F" first="Folorunso Oludayo" last="Fasina">Folorunso Oludayo Fasina</name><name sortKey="Juma Ngeiywa, K J Z" sort="Juma Ngeiywa, K J Z" uniqKey="Juma Ngeiywa K" first="K J Z" last="Juma Ngeiywa">K J Z. Juma Ngeiywa</name><name sortKey="Kiambi, Stella G" sort="Kiambi, Stella G" uniqKey="Kiambi S" first="Stella G" last="Kiambi">Stella G. Kiambi</name><name sortKey="Kimani, Tabitha" sort="Kimani, Tabitha" uniqKey="Kimani T" first="Tabitha" last="Kimani">Tabitha Kimani</name><name sortKey="Kimutai, Joshua" sort="Kimutai, Joshua" uniqKey="Kimutai J" first="Joshua" last="Kimutai">Joshua Kimutai</name><name sortKey="Makonnen, Yilma J" sort="Makonnen, Yilma J" uniqKey="Makonnen Y" first="Yilma J" last="Makonnen">Yilma J. Makonnen</name><name sortKey="Matere, Joseph" sort="Matere, Joseph" uniqKey="Matere J" first="Joseph" last="Matere">Joseph Matere</name><name sortKey="Rugalema, Gabriel" sort="Rugalema, Gabriel" uniqKey="Rugalema G" first="Gabriel" last="Rugalema">Gabriel Rugalema</name></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Tripodi, Astrid" sort="Tripodi, Astrid" uniqKey="Tripodi A" first="Astrid" last="Tripodi">Astrid Tripodi</name></region><name sortKey="Lubroth, Juan" sort="Lubroth, Juan" uniqKey="Lubroth J" first="Juan" last="Lubroth">Juan Lubroth</name><name sortKey="Morzaria, Subhash" sort="Morzaria, Subhash" uniqKey="Morzaria S" first="Subhash" last="Morzaria">Subhash Morzaria</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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