Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome.
Identifieur interne : 000445 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000444; suivant : 000446Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome.
Auteurs : Basem M. Alraddadi [Arabie saoudite] ; Ismael Qushmaq [Arabie saoudite] ; Fahad M. Al-Hameed [Arabie saoudite] ; Yasser Mandourah [Arabie saoudite] ; Ghaleb A. Almekhlafi [Arabie saoudite] ; Jesna Jose [Arabie saoudite] ; Awad Al-Omari [Arabie saoudite] ; Ayman Kharaba [Arabie saoudite] ; Abdullah Almotairi [Arabie saoudite] ; Kasim Al Khatib [Arabie saoudite] ; Sarah Shalhoub [Canada] ; Ahmed Abdulmomen [Arabie saoudite] ; Ahmed Mady [Égypte] ; Othman Solaiman [Arabie saoudite] ; Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan [Arabie saoudite] ; Rajaa Al-Raddadi [Arabie saoudite] ; Ahmed Ragab [Arabie saoudite] ; Hanan H. Balkhy [Arabie saoudite] ; Abdulrahman Al Harthy [Arabie saoudite] ; Musharaf Sadat [Arabie saoudite] ; Haytham Tlayjeh [Arabie saoudite] ; Laura Merson [Royaume-Uni] ; Frederick G. Hayden [États-Unis] ; Robert A. Fowler [Canada] ; Yaseen M. Arabi [Arabie saoudite]Source :
- Influenza and other respiratory viruses [ 1750-2659 ] ; 2019.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- Wicri :
- geographic : Arabie saoudite.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Saudi Arabia.
- complications : Coronavirus Infections.
- statistics & numerical data : Noninvasive Ventilation.
- Aged, Critical Illness, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Failure, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been used in patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, but the effectiveness of this approach has not been studied.
DOI: 10.1111/irv.12635
PubMed: 30884185
Affiliations:
- Arabie saoudite, Canada, Royaume-Uni, Égypte, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Ontario, Virginie
- Londres, Toronto
- Université de Toronto
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pubmed:30884185Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Al Omari, Awad" sort="Al Omari, Awad" uniqKey="Al Omari A" first="Awad" last="Al-Omari">Awad Al-Omari</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kharaba, Ayman" sort="Kharaba, Ayman" uniqKey="Kharaba A" first="Ayman" last="Kharaba">Ayman Kharaba</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Almotairi, Abdullah" sort="Almotairi, Abdullah" uniqKey="Almotairi A" first="Abdullah" last="Almotairi">Abdullah Almotairi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Khatib, Kasim" sort="Al Khatib, Kasim" uniqKey="Al Khatib K" first="Kasim" last="Al Khatib">Kasim Al Khatib</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" sort="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abdulmomen A" first="Ahmed" last="Abdulmomen">Ahmed Abdulmomen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mady, Ahmed" sort="Mady, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mady A" first="Ahmed" last="Mady">Ahmed Mady</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Solaiman, Othman" sort="Solaiman, Othman" uniqKey="Solaiman O" first="Othman" last="Solaiman">Othman Solaiman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" sort="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" uniqKey="Al Aithan A" first="Abdulsalam M" last="Al-Aithan">Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" sort="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" uniqKey="Al Raddadi R" first="Rajaa" last="Al-Raddadi">Rajaa Al-Raddadi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ragab, Ahmed" sort="Ragab, Ahmed" uniqKey="Ragab A" first="Ahmed" last="Ragab">Ahmed Ragab</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hanan H" sort="Balkhy, Hanan H" uniqKey="Balkhy H" first="Hanan H" last="Balkhy">Hanan H. Balkhy</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" sort="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" uniqKey="Al Harthy A" first="Abdulrahman" last="Al Harthy">Abdulrahman Al Harthy</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sadat, Musharaf" sort="Sadat, Musharaf" uniqKey="Sadat M" first="Musharaf" last="Sadat">Musharaf Sadat</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Tlayjeh, Haytham" sort="Tlayjeh, Haytham" uniqKey="Tlayjeh H" first="Haytham" last="Tlayjeh">Haytham Tlayjeh</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Merson, Laura" sort="Merson, Laura" uniqKey="Merson L" first="Laura" last="Merson">Laura Merson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hayden, Frederick G" sort="Hayden, Frederick G" uniqKey="Hayden F" first="Frederick G" last="Hayden">Frederick G. Hayden</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
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<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), Charlottesville</wicri:cityArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Fowler, Robert A" sort="Fowler, Robert A" uniqKey="Fowler R" first="Robert A" last="Fowler">Robert A. Fowler</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen M" sort="Arabi, Yaseen M" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen M" last="Arabi">Yaseen M. Arabi</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome.</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Mandourah, Yasser" sort="Mandourah, Yasser" uniqKey="Mandourah Y" first="Yasser" last="Mandourah">Yasser Mandourah</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A" sort="Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A" uniqKey="Almekhlafi G" first="Ghaleb A" last="Almekhlafi">Ghaleb A. Almekhlafi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jose, Jesna" sort="Jose, Jesna" uniqKey="Jose J" first="Jesna" last="Jose">Jesna Jose</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Omari, Awad" sort="Al Omari, Awad" uniqKey="Al Omari A" first="Awad" last="Al-Omari">Awad Al-Omari</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kharaba, Ayman" sort="Kharaba, Ayman" uniqKey="Kharaba A" first="Ayman" last="Kharaba">Ayman Kharaba</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Almotairi, Abdullah" sort="Almotairi, Abdullah" uniqKey="Almotairi A" first="Abdullah" last="Almotairi">Abdullah Almotairi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Khatib, Kasim" sort="Al Khatib, Kasim" uniqKey="Al Khatib K" first="Kasim" last="Al Khatib">Kasim Al Khatib</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Shalhoub, Sarah" sort="Shalhoub, Sarah" uniqKey="Shalhoub S" first="Sarah" last="Shalhoub">Sarah Shalhoub</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Western Ontario, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" sort="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abdulmomen A" first="Ahmed" last="Abdulmomen">Ahmed Abdulmomen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>King Saud University, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mady, Ahmed" sort="Mady, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mady A" first="Ahmed" last="Mady">Ahmed Mady</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tanta</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Solaiman, Othman" sort="Solaiman, Othman" uniqKey="Solaiman O" first="Othman" last="Solaiman">Othman Solaiman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" sort="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" uniqKey="Al Aithan A" first="Abdulsalam M" last="Al-Aithan">Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Al Ahsa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" sort="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" uniqKey="Al Raddadi R" first="Rajaa" last="Al-Raddadi">Rajaa Al-Raddadi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jeddah</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ragab, Ahmed" sort="Ragab, Ahmed" uniqKey="Ragab A" first="Ahmed" last="Ragab">Ahmed Ragab</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jeddah</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hanan H" sort="Balkhy, Hanan H" uniqKey="Balkhy H" first="Hanan H" last="Balkhy">Hanan H. Balkhy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" sort="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" uniqKey="Al Harthy A" first="Abdulrahman" last="Al Harthy">Abdulrahman Al Harthy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sadat, Musharaf" sort="Sadat, Musharaf" uniqKey="Sadat M" first="Musharaf" last="Sadat">Musharaf Sadat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tlayjeh, Haytham" sort="Tlayjeh, Haytham" uniqKey="Tlayjeh H" first="Haytham" last="Tlayjeh">Haytham Tlayjeh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Merson, Laura" sort="Merson, Laura" uniqKey="Merson L" first="Laura" last="Merson">Laura Merson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), Headington, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), Headington</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Headington</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayden, Frederick G" sort="Hayden, Frederick G" uniqKey="Hayden F" first="Frederick G" last="Hayden">Frederick G. Hayden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), Charlottesville, Virginia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), Charlottesville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fowler, Robert A" sort="Fowler, Robert A" uniqKey="Fowler R" first="Robert A" last="Fowler">Robert A. Fowler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen M" sort="Arabi, Yaseen M" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen M" last="Arabi">Yaseen M. Arabi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Influenza and other respiratory viruses</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1750-2659</idno>
<imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<term>Coronavirus Infections (complications)</term>
<term>Critical Illness</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Intensive Care Units</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Noninvasive Ventilation (statistics & numerical data)</term>
<term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult</term>
<term>Retrospective Studies</term>
<term>Saudi Arabia</term>
<term>Treatment Failure</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Arabie saoudite</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus ()</term>
<term>Maladie grave</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte</term>
<term>Unités de soins intensifs</term>
<term>Ventilation non effractive ()</term>
<term>Échec thérapeutique</term>
<term>Études rétrospectives</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Saudi Arabia</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Noninvasive Ventilation</term>
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<term>Critical Illness</term>
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<term>Humans</term>
<term>Intensive Care Units</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult</term>
<term>Retrospective Studies</term>
<term>Treatment Failure</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome</term>
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<term>Arabie saoudite</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Maladie grave</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte</term>
<term>Unités de soins intensifs</term>
<term>Ventilation non effractive</term>
<term>Échec thérapeutique</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been used in patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, but the effectiveness of this approach has not been studied.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30884185</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>27</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1750-2659</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>13</Volume>
<Issue>4</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Influenza and other respiratory viruses</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Influenza Other Respir Viruses</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>382-390</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/irv.12635</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been used in patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, but the effectiveness of this approach has not been studied.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS">Patients with MERS from 14 Saudi Arabian centers were included in this analysis. Patients who were initially managed with NIV were compared to patients who were managed only with invasive mechanical ventilation (invasive MV).</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Of 302 MERS critically ill patients, NIV was used initially in 105 (35%) patients, whereas 197 (65%) patients were only managed with invasive MV. Patients who were managed with NIV initially had lower baseline SOFA score and less extensive infiltrates on chest radiograph compared with patients managed with invasive MV. The vast majority (92.4%) of patients who were managed initially with NIV required intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation, and were more likely to require inhaled nitric oxide compared to those who were managed initially with invasive MV. ICU and hospital length of stay were similar between NIV patients and invasive MV patients. The use of NIV was not independently associated with 90-day mortality (propensity score-adjusted odds ratio 0.61, 95% CI [0.23, 1.60] P = 0.27).</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">In patients with MERS and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, NIV failure was very high. The use of NIV was not associated with improved outcomes.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© 2019 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alraddadi</LastName>
<ForeName>Basem M</ForeName>
<Initials>BM</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1565-1829</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Qushmaq</LastName>
<ForeName>Ismael</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Hameed</LastName>
<ForeName>Fahad M</ForeName>
<Initials>FM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Intensive Care, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mandourah</LastName>
<ForeName>Yasser</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Military Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Almekhlafi</LastName>
<ForeName>Ghaleb A</ForeName>
<Initials>GA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Military Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jose</LastName>
<ForeName>Jesna</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Omari</LastName>
<ForeName>Awad</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Intensive Care, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Group Hospitals, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kharaba</LastName>
<ForeName>Ayman</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care, Ohoud Hospitals, King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Almotairi</LastName>
<ForeName>Abdullah</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Critical Care Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al Khatib</LastName>
<ForeName>Kasim</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shalhoub</LastName>
<ForeName>Sarah</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdulmomen</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mady</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Solaiman</LastName>
<ForeName>Othman</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Aithan</LastName>
<ForeName>Abdulsalam M</ForeName>
<Initials>AM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Raddadi</LastName>
<ForeName>Rajaa</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ragab</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Balkhy</LastName>
<ForeName>Hanan H</ForeName>
<Initials>HH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al Harthy</LastName>
<ForeName>Abdulrahman</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sadat</LastName>
<ForeName>Musharaf</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tlayjeh</LastName>
<ForeName>Haytham</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Merson</LastName>
<ForeName>Laura</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), Headington, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hayden</LastName>
<ForeName>Frederick G</ForeName>
<Initials>FG</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), Charlottesville, Virginia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fowler</LastName>
<ForeName>Robert A</ForeName>
<Initials>RA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arabi</LastName>
<ForeName>Yaseen M</ForeName>
<Initials>YM</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5735-6241</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>Saudi Critical Care Trials Group</CollectiveName>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D003160">Comparative Study</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>18</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>Influenza Other Respir Viruses</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101304007</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1750-2640</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
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</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016638" MajorTopicYN="Y">Critical Illness</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007362" MajorTopicYN="N">Intensive Care Units</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="Y">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012128" MajorTopicYN="N">Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012529" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Saudi Arabia</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017211" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Failure</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
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