Ribavirin and Interferon Therapy for Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Multicenter Observational Study.
Identifieur interne : 000092 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000091; suivant : 000093Ribavirin and Interferon Therapy for Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Multicenter Observational Study.
Auteurs : Yaseen M. Arabi [Arabie saoudite] ; Sarah Shalhoub [Canada] ; Yasser Mandourah ; Fahad Al-Hameed ; Awad Al-Omari ; Eman Al Qasim [Arabie saoudite] ; Jesna Jose [Arabie saoudite] ; Basem Alraddadi ; Abdullah Almotairi ; Kasim Al Khatib ; Ahmed Abdulmomen ; Ismael Qushmaq ; Anees A. Sindi ; Ahmed Mady [Arabie saoudite] ; Othman Solaiman ; Rajaa Al-Raddadi ; Khalid Maghrabi ; Ahmed Ragab ; Ghaleb A. Al Mekhlafi ; Hanan H. Balkhy ; Abdulrahman Al Harthy [Arabie saoudite] ; Ayman Kharaba ; Jawaher A. Gramish ; Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan [Arabie saoudite] ; Abdulaziz Al-Dawood [Arabie saoudite] ; Laura Merson [Royaume-Uni] ; Frederick G. Hayden [Royaume-Uni] ; Robert Fowler [Canada]Source :
- Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America [ 1537-6591 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ribavirin and recombinant interferon (RBV/rIFN) therapy on the outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), accounting for time-varying confounders.
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz544
PubMed: 31925415
Affiliations:
- Arabie saoudite, Canada, Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Ontario
- Londres, Toronto
- Université de Toronto
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pubmed:31925415Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Mandourah, Yasser" sort="Mandourah, Yasser" uniqKey="Mandourah Y" first="Yasser" last="Mandourah">Yasser Mandourah</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Hameed, Fahad" sort="Al Hameed, Fahad" uniqKey="Al Hameed F" first="Fahad" last="Al-Hameed">Fahad Al-Hameed</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Omari, Awad" sort="Al Omari, Awad" uniqKey="Al Omari A" first="Awad" last="Al-Omari">Awad Al-Omari</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Qasim, Eman" sort="Al Qasim, Eman" uniqKey="Al Qasim E" first="Eman" last="Al Qasim">Eman Al Qasim</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jose, Jesna" sort="Jose, Jesna" uniqKey="Jose J" first="Jesna" last="Jose">Jesna Jose</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Alraddadi, Basem" sort="Alraddadi, Basem" uniqKey="Alraddadi B" first="Basem" last="Alraddadi">Basem Alraddadi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Almotairi, Abdullah" sort="Almotairi, Abdullah" uniqKey="Almotairi A" first="Abdullah" last="Almotairi">Abdullah Almotairi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Khatib, Kasim" sort="Al Khatib, Kasim" uniqKey="Al Khatib K" first="Kasim" last="Al Khatib">Kasim Al Khatib</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" sort="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abdulmomen A" first="Ahmed" last="Abdulmomen">Ahmed Abdulmomen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Qushmaq, Ismael" sort="Qushmaq, Ismael" uniqKey="Qushmaq I" first="Ismael" last="Qushmaq">Ismael Qushmaq</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sindi, Anees A" sort="Sindi, Anees A" uniqKey="Sindi A" first="Anees A" last="Sindi">Anees A. Sindi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mady, Ahmed" sort="Mady, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mady A" first="Ahmed" last="Mady">Ahmed Mady</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Solaiman, Othman" sort="Solaiman, Othman" uniqKey="Solaiman O" first="Othman" last="Solaiman">Othman Solaiman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" sort="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" uniqKey="Al Raddadi R" first="Rajaa" last="Al-Raddadi">Rajaa Al-Raddadi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Maghrabi, Khalid" sort="Maghrabi, Khalid" uniqKey="Maghrabi K" first="Khalid" last="Maghrabi">Khalid Maghrabi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ragab, Ahmed" sort="Ragab, Ahmed" uniqKey="Ragab A" first="Ahmed" last="Ragab">Ahmed Ragab</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Mekhlafi, Ghaleb A" sort="Al Mekhlafi, Ghaleb A" uniqKey="Al Mekhlafi G" first="Ghaleb A" last="Al Mekhlafi">Ghaleb A. Al Mekhlafi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hanan H" sort="Balkhy, Hanan H" uniqKey="Balkhy H" first="Hanan H" last="Balkhy">Hanan H. Balkhy</name>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Riyadh</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" sort="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" uniqKey="Al Harthy A" first="Abdulrahman" last="Al Harthy">Abdulrahman Al Harthy</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kharaba, Ayman" sort="Kharaba, Ayman" uniqKey="Kharaba A" first="Ayman" last="Kharaba">Ayman Kharaba</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gramish, Jawaher A" sort="Gramish, Jawaher A" uniqKey="Gramish J" first="Jawaher A" last="Gramish">Jawaher A. Gramish</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Pharmaceutical Care Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" sort="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" uniqKey="Al Aithan A" first="Abdulsalam M" last="Al-Aithan">Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Dawood, Abdulaziz" sort="Al Dawood, Abdulaziz" uniqKey="Al Dawood A" first="Abdulaziz" last="Al-Dawood">Abdulaziz Al-Dawood</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Merson, Laura" sort="Merson, Laura" uniqKey="Merson L" first="Laura" last="Merson">Laura Merson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hayden, Frederick G" sort="Hayden, Frederick G" uniqKey="Hayden F" first="Frederick G" last="Hayden">Frederick G. Hayden</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fowler, Robert" sort="Fowler, Robert" uniqKey="Fowler R" first="Robert" last="Fowler">Robert Fowler</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Ribavirin and Interferon Therapy for Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Multicenter Observational Study.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen M" sort="Arabi, Yaseen M" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen M" last="Arabi">Yaseen M. Arabi</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shalhoub, Sarah" sort="Shalhoub, Sarah" uniqKey="Shalhoub S" first="Sarah" last="Shalhoub">Sarah Shalhoub</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mandourah, Yasser" sort="Mandourah, Yasser" uniqKey="Mandourah Y" first="Yasser" last="Mandourah">Yasser Mandourah</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Hameed, Fahad" sort="Al Hameed, Fahad" uniqKey="Al Hameed F" first="Fahad" last="Al-Hameed">Fahad Al-Hameed</name>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Jeddah</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Omari, Awad" sort="Al Omari, Awad" uniqKey="Al Omari A" first="Awad" last="Al-Omari">Awad Al-Omari</name>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Riyadh</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Qasim, Eman" sort="Al Qasim, Eman" uniqKey="Al Qasim E" first="Eman" last="Al Qasim">Eman Al Qasim</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jose, Jesna" sort="Jose, Jesna" uniqKey="Jose J" first="Jesna" last="Jose">Jesna Jose</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Alraddadi, Basem" sort="Alraddadi, Basem" uniqKey="Alraddadi B" first="Basem" last="Alraddadi">Basem Alraddadi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Jeddah</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Almotairi, Abdullah" sort="Almotairi, Abdullah" uniqKey="Almotairi A" first="Abdullah" last="Almotairi">Abdullah Almotairi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Riyadh</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Khatib, Kasim" sort="Al Khatib, Kasim" uniqKey="Al Khatib K" first="Kasim" last="Al Khatib">Kasim Al Khatib</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Makkah</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" sort="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abdulmomen A" first="Ahmed" last="Abdulmomen">Ahmed Abdulmomen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Riyadh</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qushmaq, Ismael" sort="Qushmaq, Ismael" uniqKey="Qushmaq I" first="Ismael" last="Qushmaq">Ismael Qushmaq</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Jeddah</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sindi, Anees A" sort="Sindi, Anees A" uniqKey="Sindi A" first="Anees A" last="Sindi">Anees A. Sindi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Jeddah</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mady, Ahmed" sort="Mady, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mady A" first="Ahmed" last="Mady">Ahmed Mady</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Solaiman, Othman" sort="Solaiman, Othman" uniqKey="Solaiman O" first="Othman" last="Solaiman">Othman Solaiman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Riyadh</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" sort="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" uniqKey="Al Raddadi R" first="Rajaa" last="Al-Raddadi">Rajaa Al-Raddadi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">King Abdulaziz University</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maghrabi, Khalid" sort="Maghrabi, Khalid" uniqKey="Maghrabi K" first="Khalid" last="Maghrabi">Khalid Maghrabi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Riyadh</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ragab, Ahmed" sort="Ragab, Ahmed" uniqKey="Ragab A" first="Ahmed" last="Ragab">Ahmed Ragab</name>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Jeddah</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Mekhlafi, Ghaleb A" sort="Al Mekhlafi, Ghaleb A" uniqKey="Al Mekhlafi G" first="Ghaleb A" last="Al Mekhlafi">Ghaleb A. Al Mekhlafi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Prince Sultan Military Medical City</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hanan H" sort="Balkhy, Hanan H" uniqKey="Balkhy H" first="Hanan H" last="Balkhy">Hanan H. Balkhy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Riyadh</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" sort="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" uniqKey="Al Harthy A" first="Abdulrahman" last="Al Harthy">Abdulrahman Al Harthy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kharaba, Ayman" sort="Kharaba, Ayman" uniqKey="Kharaba A" first="Ayman" last="Kharaba">Ayman Kharaba</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care, King Fahad Hospital, Ohoud Hospital, Al-Madinah.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Al-Madinah</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gramish, Jawaher A" sort="Gramish, Jawaher A" uniqKey="Gramish J" first="Jawaher A" last="Gramish">Jawaher A. Gramish</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Pharmaceutical Care Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Riyadh</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" sort="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" uniqKey="Al Aithan A" first="Abdulsalam M" last="Al-Aithan">Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Critical Care Division, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Critical Care Division, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Al Ahsa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Dawood, Abdulaziz" sort="Al Dawood, Abdulaziz" uniqKey="Al Dawood A" first="Abdulaziz" last="Al-Dawood">Abdulaziz Al-Dawood</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Merson, Laura" sort="Merson, Laura" uniqKey="Merson L" first="Laura" last="Merson">Laura Merson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford University, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oxford University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayden, Frederick G" sort="Hayden, Frederick G" uniqKey="Hayden F" first="Frederick G" last="Hayden">Frederick G. Hayden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford University, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oxford University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fowler, Robert" sort="Fowler, Robert" uniqKey="Fowler R" first="Robert" last="Fowler">Robert Fowler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1537-6591</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ribavirin and recombinant interferon (RBV/rIFN) therapy on the outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), accounting for time-varying confounders.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31925415</PMID>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1537-6591</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>70</Volume>
<Issue>9</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Apr</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Clin. Infect. Dis.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Ribavirin and Interferon Therapy for Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Multicenter Observational Study.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>1837-1844</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/cid/ciz544</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ribavirin and recombinant interferon (RBV/rIFN) therapy on the outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), accounting for time-varying confounders.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">This is a retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS from 14 hospitals in Saudi Arabia diagnosed between September 2012 and January 2018. We evaluated the association of RBV/rIFN with 90-day mortality and MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) RNA clearance using marginal structural modeling to account for baseline and time-varying confounders.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Of 349 MERS patients, 144 (41.3%) patients received RBV/rIFN (RBV and/or rIFN-α2a, rIFN-α2b, or rIFN-β1a; none received rIFN-β1b). RBV/rIFN was initiated at a median of 2 days (Q1, Q3: 1, 3 days) from intensive care unit admission. Crude 90-day mortality was higher in patients with RBV/rIFN compared to no RBV/rIFN (106/144 [73.6%] vs 126/205 [61.5%]; P = .02]. After adjusting for baseline and time-varying confounders using a marginal structural model, RBV/rIFN was not associated with changes in 90-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.03 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .73-1.44]; P = .87) or with more rapid MERS-CoV RNA clearance (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, .30-1.44]; P = .29).</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">In this observational study, RBV/rIFN (RBV and/or rIFN-α2a, rIFN-α2b, or rIFN-β1a) therapy was commonly used in critically ill MERS patients but was not associated with reduction in 90-day mortality or in faster MERS-CoV RNA clearance.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arabi</LastName>
<ForeName>Yaseen M</ForeName>
<Initials>YM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shalhoub</LastName>
<ForeName>Sarah</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mandourah</LastName>
<ForeName>Yasser</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Military Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Hameed</LastName>
<ForeName>Fahad</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Intensive Care, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Omari</LastName>
<ForeName>Awad</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Intensive Care, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Dr Sulaiman Al-Habib Group Hospitals, Riyadh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al Qasim</LastName>
<ForeName>Eman</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jose</LastName>
<ForeName>Jesna</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alraddadi</LastName>
<ForeName>Basem</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Jeddah.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Almotairi</LastName>
<ForeName>Abdullah</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al Khatib</LastName>
<ForeName>Kasim</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdulmomen</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Qushmaq</LastName>
<ForeName>Ismael</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sindi</LastName>
<ForeName>Anees A</ForeName>
<Initials>AA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mady</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Solaiman</LastName>
<ForeName>Othman</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Raddadi</LastName>
<ForeName>Rajaa</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maghrabi</LastName>
<ForeName>Khalid</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ragab</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al Mekhlafi</LastName>
<ForeName>Ghaleb A</ForeName>
<Initials>GA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Balkhy</LastName>
<ForeName>Hanan H</ForeName>
<Initials>HH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al Harthy</LastName>
<ForeName>Abdulrahman</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kharaba</LastName>
<ForeName>Ayman</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care, King Fahad Hospital, Ohoud Hospital, Al-Madinah.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gramish</LastName>
<ForeName>Jawaher A</ForeName>
<Initials>JA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmaceutical Care Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Aithan</LastName>
<ForeName>Abdulsalam M</ForeName>
<Initials>AM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Critical Care Division, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Dawood</LastName>
<ForeName>Abdulaziz</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Merson</LastName>
<ForeName>Laura</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford University, United Kingdom.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hayden</LastName>
<ForeName>Frederick G</ForeName>
<Initials>FG</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford University, United Kingdom.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fowler</LastName>
<ForeName>Robert</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>Clin Infect Dis</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>9203213</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1058-4838</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East respiratory syndrome</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">coronavirus</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">interferon</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pneumonia</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ribavirin</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>21</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>1</Month>
<Day>12</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>1</Month>
<Day>12</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>1</Month>
<Day>12</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
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<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
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<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/cid/ciz544</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7108209</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
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</pubmed>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Arabie saoudite</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Ontario</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Londres</li>
<li>Toronto</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de Toronto</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" sort="Abdulmomen, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abdulmomen A" first="Ahmed" last="Abdulmomen">Ahmed Abdulmomen</name>
<name sortKey="Al Hameed, Fahad" sort="Al Hameed, Fahad" uniqKey="Al Hameed F" first="Fahad" last="Al-Hameed">Fahad Al-Hameed</name>
<name sortKey="Al Khatib, Kasim" sort="Al Khatib, Kasim" uniqKey="Al Khatib K" first="Kasim" last="Al Khatib">Kasim Al Khatib</name>
<name sortKey="Al Mekhlafi, Ghaleb A" sort="Al Mekhlafi, Ghaleb A" uniqKey="Al Mekhlafi G" first="Ghaleb A" last="Al Mekhlafi">Ghaleb A. Al Mekhlafi</name>
<name sortKey="Al Omari, Awad" sort="Al Omari, Awad" uniqKey="Al Omari A" first="Awad" last="Al-Omari">Awad Al-Omari</name>
<name sortKey="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" sort="Al Raddadi, Rajaa" uniqKey="Al Raddadi R" first="Rajaa" last="Al-Raddadi">Rajaa Al-Raddadi</name>
<name sortKey="Almotairi, Abdullah" sort="Almotairi, Abdullah" uniqKey="Almotairi A" first="Abdullah" last="Almotairi">Abdullah Almotairi</name>
<name sortKey="Alraddadi, Basem" sort="Alraddadi, Basem" uniqKey="Alraddadi B" first="Basem" last="Alraddadi">Basem Alraddadi</name>
<name sortKey="Balkhy, Hanan H" sort="Balkhy, Hanan H" uniqKey="Balkhy H" first="Hanan H" last="Balkhy">Hanan H. Balkhy</name>
<name sortKey="Gramish, Jawaher A" sort="Gramish, Jawaher A" uniqKey="Gramish J" first="Jawaher A" last="Gramish">Jawaher A. Gramish</name>
<name sortKey="Kharaba, Ayman" sort="Kharaba, Ayman" uniqKey="Kharaba A" first="Ayman" last="Kharaba">Ayman Kharaba</name>
<name sortKey="Maghrabi, Khalid" sort="Maghrabi, Khalid" uniqKey="Maghrabi K" first="Khalid" last="Maghrabi">Khalid Maghrabi</name>
<name sortKey="Mandourah, Yasser" sort="Mandourah, Yasser" uniqKey="Mandourah Y" first="Yasser" last="Mandourah">Yasser Mandourah</name>
<name sortKey="Qushmaq, Ismael" sort="Qushmaq, Ismael" uniqKey="Qushmaq I" first="Ismael" last="Qushmaq">Ismael Qushmaq</name>
<name sortKey="Ragab, Ahmed" sort="Ragab, Ahmed" uniqKey="Ragab A" first="Ahmed" last="Ragab">Ahmed Ragab</name>
<name sortKey="Sindi, Anees A" sort="Sindi, Anees A" uniqKey="Sindi A" first="Anees A" last="Sindi">Anees A. Sindi</name>
<name sortKey="Solaiman, Othman" sort="Solaiman, Othman" uniqKey="Solaiman O" first="Othman" last="Solaiman">Othman Solaiman</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen M" sort="Arabi, Yaseen M" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen M" last="Arabi">Yaseen M. Arabi</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" sort="Al Aithan, Abdulsalam M" uniqKey="Al Aithan A" first="Abdulsalam M" last="Al-Aithan">Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan</name>
<name sortKey="Al Dawood, Abdulaziz" sort="Al Dawood, Abdulaziz" uniqKey="Al Dawood A" first="Abdulaziz" last="Al-Dawood">Abdulaziz Al-Dawood</name>
<name sortKey="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" sort="Al Harthy, Abdulrahman" uniqKey="Al Harthy A" first="Abdulrahman" last="Al Harthy">Abdulrahman Al Harthy</name>
<name sortKey="Al Qasim, Eman" sort="Al Qasim, Eman" uniqKey="Al Qasim E" first="Eman" last="Al Qasim">Eman Al Qasim</name>
<name sortKey="Jose, Jesna" sort="Jose, Jesna" uniqKey="Jose J" first="Jesna" last="Jose">Jesna Jose</name>
<name sortKey="Mady, Ahmed" sort="Mady, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mady A" first="Ahmed" last="Mady">Ahmed Mady</name>
</country>
<country name="Canada"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Shalhoub, Sarah" sort="Shalhoub, Sarah" uniqKey="Shalhoub S" first="Sarah" last="Shalhoub">Sarah Shalhoub</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Fowler, Robert" sort="Fowler, Robert" uniqKey="Fowler R" first="Robert" last="Fowler">Robert Fowler</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Merson, Laura" sort="Merson, Laura" uniqKey="Merson L" first="Laura" last="Merson">Laura Merson</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Hayden, Frederick G" sort="Hayden, Frederick G" uniqKey="Hayden F" first="Frederick G" last="Hayden">Frederick G. Hayden</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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