Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: epidemiology and disease control measures
Identifieur interne : 001346 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001345; suivant : 001347Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: epidemiology and disease control measures
Auteurs : Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq [Arabie saoudite, États-Unis] ; Ziad A. Memish [Arabie saoudite]Source :
- Infection and Drug Resistance [ 1178-6973 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in 2012 resulted in an increased concern of the spread of the infection globally. MERS-CoV infection had previously caused multiple health-care-associated outbreaks and resulted in transmission of the virus within families. Community onset MERS-CoV cases continue to occur. Dromedary camels are currently the most likely animal to be linked to human MERS-CoV cases. Serologic tests showed significant infection in adult camels compared to juvenile camels. The control of MERS-CoV infection relies on prompt identification of cases within health care facilities, with institutions applying appropriate infection control measures. In addition, determining the exact route of transmission from camels to humans would further add to the control measures of MERS-CoV infection.
Url:
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S51283
PubMed: 25395865
PubMed Central: 4226520
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: epidemiology and disease
control measures</title><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" sort="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J" first="Jaffar A" last="Al-Tawfiq">Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-idr-7-281">Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-idr-7-281">Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A" last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-idr-7-281">Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-idr-7-281">Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfaisal University, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25395865</idno><idno type="pmc">4226520</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226520</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4226520</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/IDR.S51283</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001346</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001346</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001346</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001346</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: epidemiology and disease
control measures</title><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" sort="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J" first="Jaffar A" last="Al-Tawfiq">Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-idr-7-281">Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-idr-7-281">Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A" last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-idr-7-281">Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-idr-7-281">Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfaisal University, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Infection and Drug Resistance</title><idno type="eISSN">1178-6973</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in
2012 resulted in an increased concern of the spread of the infection globally. MERS-CoV
infection had previously caused multiple health-care-associated outbreaks and resulted in
transmission of the virus within families. Community onset MERS-CoV cases continue to
occur. Dromedary camels are currently the most likely animal to be linked to human
MERS-CoV cases. Serologic tests showed significant infection in adult camels compared to
juvenile camels. The control of MERS-CoV infection relies on prompt identification of
cases within health care facilities, with institutions applying appropriate infection
control measures. In addition, determining the exact route of transmission from camels to
humans would further add to the control measures of MERS-CoV infection.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am1" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM1 Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Ad" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">AD Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, Ra" uniqKey="Fouchier R">RA Fouchier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bermingham, A" uniqKey="Bermingham A">A Bermingham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chand, Ma" uniqKey="Chand M">MA Chand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Cs" uniqKey="Brown C">CS Brown</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Groot, Rj" uniqKey="De Groot R">RJ de 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Infect Drug Resist</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Infect Drug Resist</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Infection and Drug Resistance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Infection and Drug Resistance</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1178-6973</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25395865</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4226520</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/IDR.S51283</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">idr-7-281</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: epidemiology and disease
control measures</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname><given-names>Jaffar A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-idr-7-281">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-idr-7-281">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>Ziad A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-idr-7-281">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-idr-7-281">4</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-idr-7-281"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-idr-7-281"><label>1</label>Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="af2-idr-7-281"><label>2</label>Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA</aff><aff id="af3-idr-7-281"><label>3</label>Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="af4-idr-7-281"><label>4</label>Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-idr-7-281">Correspondence: Ziad A Memish, Ministry of Health, College of
Medicine, Alfaisal University, PO Box 54146, Riyadh, 11514, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 505 483
515, Email <email>zmemish@yahoo.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><fpage>281</fpage><lpage>287</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Al-Tawfiq and Memish. This work is published by Dove
Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non
Commercial (unported, v3.0) License</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of the License are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>. Non-commercial uses of the
work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited,
provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in
2012 resulted in an increased concern of the spread of the infection globally. MERS-CoV
infection had previously caused multiple health-care-associated outbreaks and resulted in
transmission of the virus within families. Community onset MERS-CoV cases continue to
occur. Dromedary camels are currently the most likely animal to be linked to human
MERS-CoV cases. Serologic tests showed significant infection in adult camels compared to
juvenile camels. The control of MERS-CoV infection relies on prompt identification of
cases within health care facilities, with institutions applying appropriate infection
control measures. In addition, determining the exact route of transmission from camels to
humans would further add to the control measures of MERS-CoV infection.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>MERS</kwd><kwd>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>control measures</kwd><kwd>transmission</kwd><kwd>Saudi Arabia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-idr-7-281" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>A map of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia showing the main cities described in this paper:
Riyadh (the capital); Al-Hasa (2013 outbreak); Jeddah (2014 outbreak); Hafr Al-Batin
(community cluster); and the holy Cities (Makkah and Madinah).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="idr-7-281Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-idr-7-281" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>A graph showing the total number of tested camels and the percentage positive.</p><p><bold>Note:</bold> x-axis shows the country of testing (reference number).</p><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> UAE, United Arab Emirates.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="idr-7-281Fig2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-idr-7-281" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>A summary of demographics of major MERS-CoV studies</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of cases</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median age (range) years</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male-to-female ratio</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage asymptomatic</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage severe cases</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case fatality rate (%)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56 (24–94)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8:1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b6-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3:1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b7-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5:1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b9-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">161</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 (14–94)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8:1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b10-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">402</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46 (0.75–94)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4:1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b11-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 (0.25–89)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3:1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b12-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-idr-7-281"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus;
NA, not available.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-idr-7-281" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>A summary of the serology results of juvenile and adult (>2 years old) camels
in different studies</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Juvenile <hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Adult <hr></hr></th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Country</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Reference</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total tested</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent positive</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total tested</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent positive</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">245</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Saudi Arabia</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b16-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b17-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">17</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">157</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.325</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ethiopia</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b18-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">158</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tunisia</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b18-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Saudi Arabia</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b19-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.237</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Saudi Arabia</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b19-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Saudi Arabia</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref rid="b19-idr-7-281" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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