Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases
Identifieur interne : 000D35 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000D34; suivant : 000D36Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases
Auteurs : Abdullah J. Alsahafi [Australie] ; Allen C. ChengSource :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [ 1661-7827 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
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DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121214
PubMed: 27929452
PubMed Central: 5201355
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases</title><author><name sortKey="Alsahafi, Abdullah J" sort="Alsahafi, Abdullah J" uniqKey="Alsahafi A" first="Abdullah J." last="Alsahafi">Abdullah J. Alsahafi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-13-01214">Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Allen C" sort="Cheng, Allen C" uniqKey="Cheng A" first="Allen C." last="Cheng">Allen C. Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-13-01214">Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;<email>allen.cheng@med.monash.edu.au</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27929452</idno><idno type="pmc">5201355</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5201355</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5201355</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/ijerph13121214</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000D35</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000D35</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000D35</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000D35</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases</title><author><name sortKey="Alsahafi, Abdullah J" sort="Alsahafi, Abdullah J" uniqKey="Alsahafi A" first="Abdullah J." last="Alsahafi">Abdullah J. Alsahafi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-13-01214">Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Allen C" sort="Cheng, Allen C" uniqKey="Cheng A" first="Allen C." last="Cheng">Allen C. Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-13-01214">Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;<email>allen.cheng@med.monash.edu.au</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1661-7827</idno><idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background</italic>:</bold> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced a prolonged outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus since 2012. Healthcare workers (HCWs) form a significant risk group for infection. <bold><italic>Objectives</italic>:</bold> The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, infection control practices and educational needs of HCWs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS coronavirus and other emerging infectious diseases. <bold><italic>Methods</italic>:</bold> 1500 of HCWs from Saudi Ministry of Health were invited to fill a questionnaire developed to cover the survey objectives from 9 September 2015 to 8 November 2015. The response rate was about 81%. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the responses. <bold><italic>Results</italic>:</bold> 1216 HCWs were included in this survey. A total of 56.5% were nurses and 22% were physicians. The most common sources of MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) information were the Ministry of Health (MOH) memo (74.3%). Only (47.6%) of the physicians, (30.4%) of the nurses and (29.9%) of the other HCWs were aware that asymptomatic MERS-CoV was described. Around half of respondents who having been investigated for MERS-CoV reported that their work performance decreased while they have suspicion of having MERS-CoV and almost two thirds reported having psychological problems during this period. Almost two thirds of the HCWs (61.2%) reported anxiety about contracting MERS-CoV from patients. <bold><italic>Conclusions</italic>:</bold> The knowledge about emerging infectious diseases was poor and there is need for further education and training programs particularly in the use of personal protective equipment, isolation and infection control measures. The self-reported infection control practices were sub-optimal and seem to be overestimated.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, A M" uniqKey="Zaki A">A.M. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Environ Res Public Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Environ Res Public Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijerph</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1661-7827</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1660-4601</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27929452</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5201355</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ijerph13121214</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ijerph-13-01214</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alsahafi</surname><given-names>Abdullah J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijerph-13-01214">1</xref><xref rid="c1-ijerph-13-01214" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cheng</surname><given-names>Allen C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ijerph-13-01214">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Tchounwou</surname><given-names>Paul B.</given-names></name><role>Academic Editor</role></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ijerph-13-01214"><label>1</label>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia</aff><aff id="af2-ijerph-13-01214"><label>2</label>Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;<email>allen.cheng@med.monash.edu.au</email></aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ijerph-13-01214"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>abdullah.j.sahafi@monash.edu</email>; Tel.: +966-504-688-300</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>12</issue><elocation-id>1214</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><bold><italic>Background</italic>:</bold> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced a prolonged outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus since 2012. Healthcare workers (HCWs) form a significant risk group for infection. <bold><italic>Objectives</italic>:</bold> The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, infection control practices and educational needs of HCWs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS coronavirus and other emerging infectious diseases. <bold><italic>Methods</italic>:</bold> 1500 of HCWs from Saudi Ministry of Health were invited to fill a questionnaire developed to cover the survey objectives from 9 September 2015 to 8 November 2015. The response rate was about 81%. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the responses. <bold><italic>Results</italic>:</bold> 1216 HCWs were included in this survey. A total of 56.5% were nurses and 22% were physicians. The most common sources of MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) information were the Ministry of Health (MOH) memo (74.3%). Only (47.6%) of the physicians, (30.4%) of the nurses and (29.9%) of the other HCWs were aware that asymptomatic MERS-CoV was described. Around half of respondents who having been investigated for MERS-CoV reported that their work performance decreased while they have suspicion of having MERS-CoV and almost two thirds reported having psychological problems during this period. Almost two thirds of the HCWs (61.2%) reported anxiety about contracting MERS-CoV from patients. <bold><italic>Conclusions</italic>:</bold> The knowledge about emerging infectious diseases was poor and there is need for further education and training programs particularly in the use of personal protective equipment, isolation and infection control measures. The self-reported infection control practices were sub-optimal and seem to be overestimated.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>knowledge</kwd><kwd>attitudes</kwd><kwd>behaviours</kwd><kwd>practice</kwd><kwd>health care workers</kwd><kwd>MERS-CoV</kwd><kwd>emerging infectious diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="ijerph-13-01214-f001" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The most commonly used information sources of MERS-CoV by Healthcare workers (HCWs).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijerph-13-01214-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="ijerph-13-01214-f002" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Opinions of the HCWs about the sites that should manage the MERS-CoV and other emerging infectious disease patients.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijerph-13-01214-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="ijerph-13-01214-f003" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Perception of the HCWs about the level of their knowledge and the needs of educational courses about MERS-CoV and other emerging infectious diseases.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijerph-13-01214-g003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="ijerph-13-01214-t001" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-13-01214-t001_Table 1</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Socio-demographic characteristics of participants and their awareness about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Socio-Demographic Fetchers</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physicians</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nurses</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other HCWs *</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin">Total</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic> (%)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic> (%)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic> (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">267 (22)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">685 (56.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">264 (21.7)</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">1216 (100)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Gender:</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">199 (74.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">299 (43.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">201 (76.1)</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">699 (57.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68 (25.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">386 (56.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63 (23.9)</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">517 (42.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Work place:</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hospital</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57 (21.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">204 (29.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 (11.7)</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">292 (24)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> PHC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">207 (77.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">472 (68.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">228 (86.4)</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">907 (74.6)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Other</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (1.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (1.9)</td><td colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">17 (1.4)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Have you heard about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)?</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic> **</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">263 (98.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">677 (98.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">261 (98.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1201</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">0.906</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (1.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (1.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1">MERS has been diagnosed in patients in the practice of the HCW:</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75 (28.10)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">218 (31.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58 (22)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">351</td><td rowspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">192 (71.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">462 (67.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">203 (76.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">857</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Don’t Know</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (0)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (0.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Do you think that Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) a problem in this community?</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Strongly agree</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118 (44.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">362 (52.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">145 (54.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">625</td><td rowspan="5" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">0.105</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Agree</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104 (39)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">230 (33.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88 (33.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">422</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Neutral</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65 (9.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (6.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Disagree</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (6.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (3.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (3.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Strongly disagree</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (1.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (0.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1">The HCWs who had been investigated for MERS-CoV and the duration from sample taking and releasing the result:</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> One day</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (23.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54 (36.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (45)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79</td><td rowspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">0.013</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2 days</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (33.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34 (23)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (20)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3 days</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (30)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46 (31.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (22.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> More</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (13.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (8.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (12.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1">The impact of suspicion of having MERS-CoV on the HCWs work performance, social and psychological life:</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Work performance:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (17.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 (63.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (18.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Social life</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (16.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72 (64.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 (19.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Psychological life</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (13.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96 (71.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (15.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Clinical experience of the HCWs in the last 2 years or less regarding:</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Working in place where MERS-CoV infected patient was diagnosed or admitted.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75 (28.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">218 (31.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58 (22)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">351</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Cared a MERS-CoV infected patient.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106 (15.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (5.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">145</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1">After the MERS-CoV outbreak:</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sometimes get scared of going to work for fear of contacting MERS-CoV patient.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123 (46.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">448 (65.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173 (65.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">744</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sometimes avoid body contact whenever HCWs are in a public area.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116 (43.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">421 (61.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">154 (58.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">691</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>* Healthcare Workers; ** <italic>p</italic> values represent results of chi-squared test for the null hypothesis of no difference in the Socio-demographic characteristics of participants and their awareness about MERS-CoV.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-13-01214-t002" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-13-01214-t002_Table 2</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Health care workers (HCWs)’ knowledge about MERS-CoV infection.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Knowledge about MERS-CoV Infection</th><th colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">Correct Responses</th><th rowspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic> **</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physicians</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nurses</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other HCWs *</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Total</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic> (%)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic> (%)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic> (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><bold>Indications of testing for MERS-CoV:</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acute respiratory illness requiring ICU</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">224 (83.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">552 (80.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">188 (71.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">964</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acute respiratory illness requiring hospitalisation but not ICU</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">153 (57.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">391 (57.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">154 (58.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">698</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mild respiratory illness not requiring hospitalisation</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">170 (63.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">316 (46.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108 (40.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">594</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mild acute respiratory illness where there is a history of contact with a confirmed MERS case</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">203 (76)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">409 (59.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">175 (66.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">787</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other acute non-respiratory illness in patients with a history of contact with a confirmed MERS case</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 (70.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">437 (63.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">153 (58.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">779</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><bold>MERS-CoV infection:</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">About 3–4 out of every 10 people reported with MERS-CoV have died.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">149 (55.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">345 (50.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121 (45.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">615</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Some infected people had mild symptoms (such as cold-like symptoms)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">212 (79.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">441 (64.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">146 (55.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">799</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Most of the people who died had an underling medical condition</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">196 (73.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">407 (59.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">149 (56.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">752</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MERS-CoV has spread from ill people to others through close contact</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">233 (87.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">530 (77.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 (71.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">952</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The possibility of transmission through infected camel and bats</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">194 (72.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">340 (49.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">122 (46.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">656</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Higher risk for getting MERS-CoV or having a severe case include pre-existing conditions such as diabetes; cancer, renal failure and patients taking immunosuppressive drugs.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">235 (88)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">476 (69.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165 (62.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">876</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">The incubation period for MERS is usually about 5 or 6 days but can be more</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">183 (68.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">333 (48.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 (37.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">616</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MERS is spread through mosquito bite</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">159 (59.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">284 (41.50)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99 (37.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">542</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Some infected people had no symptoms</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127 (47.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">208 (30.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79 (29.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">414</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MERS-CoV infected patient need isolation</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">253 (94.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">616 (89.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">228 (86.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1097</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>* Healthcare Workers; ** <italic>p</italic> values represent results of chi-squared test for the null hypothesis of no difference in Correct responses of the HCWs knowledge about MERS-CoV infection across groups.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-13-01214-t003" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-13-01214-t003_Table 3</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>HCWs attitudes and barriers to infection control practices following MERS-CoV outbreak.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Self-Reporting Infection Control Practice</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physicians</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nurses</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other HCWs *</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Total</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic> **</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic> (%)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic> (%)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic> (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Hand washing after patient contact:</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Always</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">161 (60.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">444 (64.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">160 (60.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">765</td><td rowspan="5" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">0.040</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Very Often</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 (25.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">130 (19)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 (18.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">249</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sometimes</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33 (12.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96 (14)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40 (15.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">169</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rarely</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (1.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (4.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Never</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (0.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (0.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (0.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Wearing of surgical mask during patient contact:</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Always</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115 (43.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">308 (45)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106 (40.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">529</td><td rowspan="5" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Very Often</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75 (28.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">157 (23)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58 (22)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">290</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sometimes</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60 (22.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162 (23.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51 (19.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">273</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rarely</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (5.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (6.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (12.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Never</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (1.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (6.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Wearing of N95 mask during patient contact:</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Always</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118 (44.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">317 (46.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105 (39.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">540</td><td rowspan="5" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">0.009</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Very Often</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57 (21.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136 (19.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53 (20.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">246</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sometimes</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38 (14.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129 (18.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51 (19.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">218</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rarely</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35 (13.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76 (11.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (10.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Never</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (7.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (3.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28 (10.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>After the MERS outbreak, are the HCWs become more eager to apply infection control measures?</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Strongly Agree</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">184 (68.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">429 (62.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162 (61.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">775</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">0.12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Agree</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72 (27)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">202 (29.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78 (29.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">352</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>Do you have a guideline or protocol for caring for patients with MERS?</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">142 (53.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">234 (34.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65 (24.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">441</td><td rowspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62 (23.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">238 (34.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98 (37.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">398</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Don’t Know</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63 (23.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">213 (31.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">101 (38.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">441</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>HCWs training assessment:</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> How to deal with an infectious disease outbreak.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80 (30)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152 (22.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45 (17.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">277</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.011</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Infection control policies and procedures.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98 (36.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">285 (41.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68 (25.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">451</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hand washing techniques.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">158 (59.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">389 (56.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115 (43.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">662</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> N95 mask wearing techniques.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">145 (54.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">317 (46.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92 (34.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">554</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> IN the last 12 months, the HCW who got an annual influenza vaccine.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">182 (68.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">403 (58.8)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138 (52.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">723</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> IN the last 3–5 years, the HCW who got Meningitis vaccine.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">209 (78.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">502 (73.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">194 (73.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">905</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.263</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> HCW through his work career who ever had been took viral hepatitis (B) immunisation or examined for its antibodies.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">172 (64.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">331 (48.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110 (41.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">613</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><bold>The barriers to infection control practices as addressed by HCWs</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Lack of knowledge about the mode of transmission of the disease MERS-CoV:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">240 (90)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">645 (94.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">238 (90.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1123</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.118</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not wearing mask while examine or contact with the patient:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">262 (98)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">647 (94.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">252 (95.5)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1161</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No hand washing after examine or contact with the patient:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">260 (97.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">652 (95.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250 (94.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1162</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Limitation of infection control material:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">217 (81.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">603 (88)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">213 (80.7)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1033</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Lack of policy and Procedures in infection control:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">227 (85)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">598 (87.3)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">236 (89.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1061</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Insufficient training in infection control measurements:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">243 (91)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">633 (92.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">240 (90.9)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1116</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.178</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Less commitment of health care workers to the policies and procedures:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250 (93.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">659 (96.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">242 (98.4)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1151</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Overcrowding in ER:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">258 (96.6)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">666 (97.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">246 (93.2)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1170</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>* Health Care Workers; ** <italic>p</italic> values represent results of chi-squared test for the null hypothesis of no difference in HCWs attitudes and barriers to infection control practices following MERS-CoV outbreak between HCWs groups.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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