Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC
Identifieur interne : 000C82 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000C81; suivant : 000C83Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC
Auteurs : Kazuya Shirato [Japon] ; Simenew Keskes Melaku [Éthiopie] ; Kengo Kawachi [Japon] ; Naganori Nao [Japon] ; Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa [Japon] ; Miyuki Kawase [Japon] ; Wataru Kamitani [Japon] ; Shutoku Matsuyama [Japon] ; Tesfaye Sisay Tessema [Éthiopie] ; Hiroshi Sentsui [Japon]Source :
- Frontiers in Microbiology [ 1664-302X ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS has been endemic to Saudi Arabia since 2012. The reservoir of MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel, suggesting that MERS is primarily a zoonotic disease. MERS-CoV is common in dromedaries throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa as evidenced by neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV; however, human cases have remained limited to the Middle East. To better understand the cause of this difference, the virological properties of African camel MERS-CoV were analyzed based on the spike (S) protein in Ethiopia. Nasal swabs were collected from 258 young dromedaries (≤ 2 years old) in the Afar region of Ethiopia, of which 39 were positive for MERS-CoV, as confirmed by genetic tests. All positive tests were exclusive to the Amibara woreda region. Using next-generation sequencing, two full-length genomes of Amibara isolates were successfully decoded; both isolates belonged to the C2 clade based on phylogenetic analysis of full-length and S protein sequences. Recombinant EMC isolates of MERS-CoV, in which the S protein is replaced with those of Amibara isolates, were then generated to test the roles of these proteins in viral properties. Amibara S recombinants replicated more slowly in cultured cells than in EMC S recombinants. In neutralizing assays, Amibara S recombinants were neutralized by lower concentrations of sera from both Ethiopian dromedaries and EMC isolate (wild-type)-immunized mouse sera, relative to the EMC S recombinants, indicating that viruses coated in the Amibara S protein were easier to neutralize than the EMC S protein. Neutralization experiments performed using S1/S2 chimeric recombinants of the EMC and Amibara S proteins showed that the neutralization profile was dependent on the S1 region of the S protein. These results suggest that the slower viral replication and the ease of neutralization seen in the Ethiopian MERS-CoV are due to strain-specific differences in the S protein and may account for the absence of human MERS-CoV cases in Ethiopia.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01326
PubMed: 31275264
PubMed Central: 6593072
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS has been endemic to Saudi Arabia since 2012. The reservoir of MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel, suggesting that MERS is primarily a zoonotic disease. MERS-CoV is common in dromedaries throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa as evidenced by neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV; however, human cases have remained limited to the Middle East. To better understand the cause of this difference, the virological properties of African camel MERS-CoV were analyzed based on the spike (S) protein in Ethiopia. Nasal swabs were collected from 258 young dromedaries (≤ 2 years old) in the Afar region of Ethiopia, of which 39 were positive for MERS-CoV, as confirmed by genetic tests. All positive tests were exclusive to the Amibara woreda region. Using next-generation sequencing, two full-length genomes of Amibara isolates were successfully decoded; both isolates belonged to the C2 clade based on phylogenetic analysis of full-length and S protein sequences. Recombinant EMC isolates of MERS-CoV, in which the S protein is replaced with those of Amibara isolates, were then generated to test the roles of these proteins in viral properties. Amibara S recombinants replicated more slowly in cultured cells than in EMC S recombinants. In neutralizing assays, Amibara S recombinants were neutralized by lower concentrations of sera from both Ethiopian dromedaries and EMC isolate (wild-type)-immunized mouse sera, relative to the EMC S recombinants, indicating that viruses coated in the Amibara S protein were easier to neutralize than the EMC S protein. Neutralization experiments performed using S1/S2 chimeric recombinants of the EMC and Amibara S proteins showed that the neutralization profile was dependent on the S1 region of the S protein. These results suggest that the slower viral replication and the ease of neutralization seen in the Ethiopian MERS-CoV are due to strain-specific differences in the S protein and may account for the absence of human MERS-CoV cases in Ethiopia.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Microbiol.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Microbiology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1664-302X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31275264</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6593072</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fmicb.2019.01326</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Microbiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Original Research</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shirato</surname>
<given-names>Kazuya</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref rid="c001" ref-type="corresp"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/701586/overview"></uri>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Melaku</surname>
<given-names>Simenew Keskes</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/701679/overview"></uri>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kawachi</surname>
<given-names>Kengo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nao</surname>
<given-names>Naganori</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Iwata-Yoshikawa</surname>
<given-names>Naoko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kawase</surname>
<given-names>Miyuki</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kamitani</surname>
<given-names>Wataru</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Matsuyama</surname>
<given-names>Shutoku</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/326409/overview"></uri>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tessema</surname>
<given-names>Tesfaye Sisay</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sentsui</surname>
<given-names>Hiroshi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/740005/overview"></uri>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
<institution>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>
,<addr-line>Musashimurayama</addr-line>
,<country>Japan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
<institution>Department of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University</institution>
,<addr-line>Addis Ababa</addr-line>
,<country>Ethiopia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
<institution>Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University</institution>
,<addr-line>Suita</addr-line>
,<country>Japan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
<institution>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>
,<addr-line>Musashimurayama</addr-line>
,<country>Japan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
<institution>Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University</institution>
,<addr-line>Addis Ababa</addr-line>
,<country>Ethiopia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
<institution>Laboratory of Veterinary Epizootiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University</institution>
,<addr-line>Fujisawa</addr-line>
,<country>Japan</country>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn id="fn1" fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Yasuko Tsunetsugu Yokota, Tokyo University of Technology, Japan</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn2" fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Stanley Perlman, The University of Iowa, United States; Hadi M. Yassine, Qatar University, Qatar</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="c001">*Correspondence: Kazuya Shirato, <email>shirato@nih.go.jp</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="fn3" fn-type="other"><p>This article was submitted to Virology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<elocation-id>1326</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2019</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2019</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019 Shirato, Melaku, Kawachi, Nao, Iwata-Yoshikawa, Kawase, Kamitani, Matsuyama, Tessema and Sentsui.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Shirato, Melaku, Kawachi, Nao, Iwata-Yoshikawa, Kawase, Kamitani, Matsuyama, Tessema and Sentsui</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS has been endemic to Saudi Arabia since 2012. The reservoir of MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel, suggesting that MERS is primarily a zoonotic disease. MERS-CoV is common in dromedaries throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa as evidenced by neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV; however, human cases have remained limited to the Middle East. To better understand the cause of this difference, the virological properties of African camel MERS-CoV were analyzed based on the spike (S) protein in Ethiopia. Nasal swabs were collected from 258 young dromedaries (≤ 2 years old) in the Afar region of Ethiopia, of which 39 were positive for MERS-CoV, as confirmed by genetic tests. All positive tests were exclusive to the Amibara woreda region. Using next-generation sequencing, two full-length genomes of Amibara isolates were successfully decoded; both isolates belonged to the C2 clade based on phylogenetic analysis of full-length and S protein sequences. Recombinant EMC isolates of MERS-CoV, in which the S protein is replaced with those of Amibara isolates, were then generated to test the roles of these proteins in viral properties. Amibara S recombinants replicated more slowly in cultured cells than in EMC S recombinants. In neutralizing assays, Amibara S recombinants were neutralized by lower concentrations of sera from both Ethiopian dromedaries and EMC isolate (wild-type)-immunized mouse sera, relative to the EMC S recombinants, indicating that viruses coated in the Amibara S protein were easier to neutralize than the EMC S protein. Neutralization experiments performed using S1/S2 chimeric recombinants of the EMC and Amibara S proteins showed that the neutralization profile was dependent on the S1 region of the S protein. These results suggest that the slower viral replication and the ease of neutralization seen in the Ethiopian MERS-CoV are due to strain-specific differences in the S protein and may account for the absence of human MERS-CoV cases in Ethiopia.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Middle East respiratory syndrome</kwd>
<kwd>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</kwd>
<kwd>Ethiopia</kwd>
<kwd>dromedary</kwd>
<kwd>neutralization</kwd>
<kwd>antigenicity</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source id="cn1">Japan Society for the Promotion of Science<named-content content-type="fundref-id">10.13039/501100001691</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id rid="cn1">B: 17H04642</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<counts><fig-count count="7"></fig-count>
<table-count count="1"></table-count>
<equation-count count="0"></equation-count>
<ref-count count="62"></ref-count>
<page-count count="14"></page-count>
<word-count count="8586"></word-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
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