Evaluating MERS-CoV Entry Pathways
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- MERS Coronavirus ; 2019.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range. The extent of MERS-CoV in nature can be traced to its adaptable cell entry steps. The virus can bind host-cell carbohydrates as well as proteinaceous receptors. Following receptor interaction, the virus can utilize diverse host proteases for cleavage activation of virus-host cell membrane fusion and subsequent genome delivery. The fusion and genome delivery steps can be completed at variable times and places, either at or near cell surfaces or deep within endosomes. Investigators focusing on the CoVs have developed several methodologies that effectively distinguish these different cell entry pathways. Here we describe these methods, highlighting virus-cell entry factors, entry inhibitors, and viral determinants that specify the cell entry routes. While the specific methods described herein were utilized to reveal MERS-CoV entry pathways, they are equally suited for other CoVs, as well as other protease-dependent viral species.
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DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_2
PubMed: 31883084
PubMed Central: 7121971
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range. The extent of MERS-CoV in nature can be traced to its adaptable cell entry steps. The virus can bind host-cell carbohydrates as well as proteinaceous receptors. Following receptor interaction, the virus can utilize diverse host proteases for cleavage activation of virus-host cell membrane fusion and subsequent genome delivery. The fusion and genome delivery steps can be completed at variable times and places, either at or near cell surfaces or deep within endosomes. Investigators focusing on the CoVs have developed several methodologies that effectively distinguish these different cell entry pathways. Here we describe these methods, highlighting virus-cell entry factors, entry inhibitors, and viral determinants that specify the cell entry routes. While the specific methods described herein were utilized to reveal MERS-CoV entry pathways, they are equally suited for other CoVs, as well as other protease-dependent viral species.</p>
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<title-group><article-title>Evaluating MERS-CoV Entry Pathways</article-title>
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<contrib-group content-type="book editors"><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Vijay</surname>
<given-names>Rahul</given-names>
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<address><email>rahul-vijay@uiowa.edu</email>
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<institution>Department of Microbiology and Immunology,</institution>
<institution>University of Iowa,</institution>
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Iowa City, IA USA</aff>
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Maywood, IL USA</aff>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2019</year>
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<volume>2099</volume>
<fpage>9</fpage>
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<permissions><copyright-statement>© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020</copyright-statement>
<license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p>
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<abstract id="Abs1"><p id="Par1">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range. The extent of MERS-CoV in nature can be traced to its adaptable cell entry steps. The virus can bind host-cell carbohydrates as well as proteinaceous receptors. Following receptor interaction, the virus can utilize diverse host proteases for cleavage activation of virus-host cell membrane fusion and subsequent genome delivery. The fusion and genome delivery steps can be completed at variable times and places, either at or near cell surfaces or deep within endosomes. Investigators focusing on the CoVs have developed several methodologies that effectively distinguish these different cell entry pathways. Here we describe these methods, highlighting virus-cell entry factors, entry inhibitors, and viral determinants that specify the cell entry routes. While the specific methods described herein were utilized to reveal MERS-CoV entry pathways, they are equally suited for other CoVs, as well as other protease-dependent viral species.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Key words</title>
<kwd>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)</kwd>
<kwd>Coronavirus (CoV)</kwd>
<kwd>Protease</kwd>
<kwd>Pseudovirus</kwd>
<kwd>Spike (S)</kwd>
<kwd>Viral entry</kwd>
<kwd>Endosome</kwd>
<kwd>Virus concentration</kwd>
<kwd>Virus purification</kwd>
<kwd>Protease inhibitor</kwd>
<kwd>HR2 peptide</kwd>
<kwd>IFITM3</kwd>
<kwd>TMPRSS2</kwd>
<kwd>Transfection</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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