Viral Shedding and Environmental Cleaning in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Identifieur interne : 000067 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000066; suivant : 000068Viral Shedding and Environmental Cleaning in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Auteurs : Joon Young Song [Corée du Sud] ; Hee Jin Cheong [Corée du Sud] ; Min Joo Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Ji Ho Jeon [Corée du Sud] ; Seong Hee Kang [Corée du Sud] ; Eun Ju Jeong [Corée du Sud] ; Jin Gu Yoon [Corée du Sud] ; Saem Na Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Sung Ran Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Ji Yun Noh [Corée du Sud] ; Woo Joo Kim [Corée du Sud]Source :
- Infection & Chemotherapy [ 2093-2340 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Viral shedding lasted 31 and 19 days from symptom onset in two patients with east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pneumonia, respectively. Environmental real-time RT-PCR was weakly positive for bed guardrail and monitors. Even after cleaning the monitors with 70% alcohol-based disinfectant, RT-PCR was still weakly positive, and converted to negative only after wiping with diluted sodium chlorite. Further studies are required to clarify the appropriate methods to clean environments during and after treatment of patients with MERS-CoV infection.
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DOI: 10.3947/ic.2015.47.4.252
PubMed: 26788409
PubMed Central: 4716277
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Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Min Joo" sort="Choi, Min Joo" uniqKey="Choi M" first="Min Joo" last="Choi">Min Joo Choi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeon, Ji Ho" sort="Jeon, Ji Ho" uniqKey="Jeon J" first="Ji Ho" last="Jeon">Ji Ho Jeon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Seong Hee" sort="Kang, Seong Hee" uniqKey="Kang S" first="Seong Hee" last="Kang">Seong Hee Kang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" 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Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Saem Na" sort="Lee, Saem Na" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Saem Na" last="Lee">Saem Na Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Sung Ran" sort="Kim, Sung Ran" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Sung Ran" last="Kim">Sung Ran Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Infection Control Unit, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Control Unit, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noh, Ji Yun" sort="Noh, Ji Yun" uniqKey="Noh J" first="Ji Yun" last="Noh">Ji Yun Noh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Woo Joo" sort="Kim, Woo Joo" uniqKey="Kim W" first="Woo Joo" last="Kim">Woo Joo Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Infection & Chemotherapy</title><idno type="ISSN">2093-2340</idno><idno type="eISSN">2092-6448</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Viral shedding lasted 31 and 19 days from symptom onset in two patients with east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pneumonia, respectively. Environmental real-time RT-PCR was weakly positive for bed guardrail and monitors. Even after cleaning the monitors with 70% alcohol-based disinfectant, RT-PCR was still weakly positive, and converted to negative only after wiping with diluted sodium chlorite. Further studies are required to clarify the appropriate methods to clean environments during and after treatment of patients with MERS-CoV infection.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perlman, S" uniqKey="Perlman S">S Perlman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Abdallat, Mm" uniqKey="Al Abdallat M">MM Al-Abdallat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Payne, Dc" uniqKey="Payne D">DC Payne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alqasrawi, S" uniqKey="Alqasrawi S">S Alqasrawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rha, B" uniqKey="Rha B">B Rha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tohme, Ra" uniqKey="Tohme R">RA Tohme</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abedi, Gr" uniqKey="Abedi G">GR Abedi</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Infect Chemother</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Infect Chemother</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IC</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Infection & Chemotherapy</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2093-2340</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2092-6448</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and Korean Society for Chemotherapy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26788409</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4716277</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3947/ic.2015.47.4.252</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Brief Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Viral Shedding and Environmental Cleaning in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-7194</contrib-id><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Joon Young</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1463</contrib-id><name><surname>Cheong</surname><given-names>Hee Jin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>Min Joo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jeon</surname><given-names>Ji Ho</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kang</surname><given-names>Seong Hee</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jeong</surname><given-names>Eun Ju</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yoon</surname><given-names>Jin Gu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Saem Na</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Sung Ran</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-5704</contrib-id><name><surname>Noh</surname><given-names>Ji Yun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4546-3880</contrib-id><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Woo Joo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Infection Control Unit, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding Author: Hee Jin Cheong, MD, PhD. Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2626-3050, Fax: +82-2-2626-1105, <email>heejinmd@medimail.co.kr</email></corresp><corresp>Alternative Corresponding Author: Joon Young Song, MD, PhD. Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2626-3052, Fax: +82-2-2626-1105, <email>infection@korea.ac.kr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>252</fpage><lpage>255</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>07</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>30</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>30</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 by The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and Korean Society for Chemotherapy</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Viral shedding lasted 31 and 19 days from symptom onset in two patients with east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pneumonia, respectively. Environmental real-time RT-PCR was weakly positive for bed guardrail and monitors. Even after cleaning the monitors with 70% alcohol-based disinfectant, RT-PCR was still weakly positive, and converted to negative only after wiping with diluted sodium chlorite. Further studies are required to clarify the appropriate methods to clean environments during and after treatment of patients with MERS-CoV infection.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Virus shedding</kwd><kwd>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome</kwd><kwd>Coronavirus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="KR"><institution-wrap><institution>Ministry of Health and Welfare</institution><institution-id institution-id-type="CrossRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003625</institution-id></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>A103001</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Clinical manifestations and viral titers in cases with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="ic-47-252-i001"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1"></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="9">Case 1</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="9">Case 2</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T7</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T20</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T22</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T24</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T26</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T28</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T31</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T32</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T33</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T4</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T15</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T17</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T19</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T21</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T23</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T26</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T27</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T28</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peak BT (<sup>o</sup>C)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cough</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sputum</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sore throat</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rhinorrhea</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dyspnea</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chest discomfort</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diarrhea</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abdominal pain</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nausea/vommiting</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">UpE (Ct value)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ORF1a (Ct value)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Antiviral therapy was started at 9th (case 1) and 5th (case 2) days from symptom onset, respectively. TN: at Nth days from symptom onset.</p><p>BT, body temperature; UpE, upstream of envelope gene; ORF, open reading frame; ND, not detected.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Results of surveillance real-time RT-PCR to evaluate environmental contamination</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="ic-47-252-i002"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Specimen-collected sites</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="4">Case 1<break></break>UpE/ORF1a (Ct value)</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="4">Case 2<break></break>UpE/ORF1a (Ct value)</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H0</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H2</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H24</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H48</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H0</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H2</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H24</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H48</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative pressure isolation room</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hepafilter 1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hepafilter 2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Washstand</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bed sheet</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bed guardrail</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.4/38.1<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bottom</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Wall</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Monitor</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.6/39.0<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.4/38.0<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anteroom</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bottom</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Wall</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.0/38.6<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Computer monitor</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.1/38.9<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.8/ND<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Computer keyboard</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>ND, not detected</p><p>H0: at the time of discharge</p><p>H2: at 2 hour from room cleaning</p><p>H24: at 24 hour from room cleaning</p><p>H48: at 48 hour from room cleaning</p><p>UpE, upstream of envelope gene; ORF, open reading frame; ND, not detected.</p><p><sup>a</sup>Surface was cleaned with diluted sodium chlorite.</p><p><sup>b</sup>Surface was cleaned with 70% alcohol-based disinfectant.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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