Current State of Bioabsorbable Polymer-Coated Drug-Eluting Stents
Identifieur interne : 001297 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001296; suivant : 001298Current State of Bioabsorbable Polymer-Coated Drug-Eluting Stents
Auteurs : Abhilash Akinapelli ; Jack P. Chen ; Kristine Roy ; Joseph Donnelly ; Keith Dawkins ; Barbara Huibregtse ; Dongming HouSource :
- Current Cardiology Reviews [ 1573-403X ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to significantly reduce clinical and angiograph-ic restenosis compared to bare metal stents (BMS). The polymer coatings on DES elute antiproliferative drugs to inhibit intimal proliferation and prevent restenosis after stent implantation. Permanent poly-mers which do not degrade in vivo may increase the likelihood of stent-related delayed arterial healing or polymer hypersensitivity. In turn, these limitations may contribute to an increased risk of late clinical events. Intuitively, a polymer which degrades after completion of drug release, leaving an inert metal scaffold in place, may improve arterial healing by removing a chronic source of inflammation, neoath-erosclerosis, and/or late thrombosis. In this way, a biodegradable polymer may reduce late ischemic events. Additionally, improved healing after stent implantation could reduce the requirement for long-term dual antiplatelet therapy and the associated risk of bleeding and cost. This review will focus on bioabsorbable polymer-coated DES currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
Url:
DOI: 10.2174/1573403X12666161222155230
PubMed: 28017123
PubMed Central: 5452149
Links to Exploration step
PMC:5452149Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Current State of Bioabsorbable Polymer-Coated Drug-Eluting Stents</title><author><name sortKey="Akinapelli, Abhilash" sort="Akinapelli, Abhilash" uniqKey="Akinapelli A" first="Abhilash" last="Akinapelli">Abhilash Akinapelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE,<country>USA</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jack P" sort="Chen, Jack P" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jack P." last="Chen">Jack P. Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA,<country>USA</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roy, Kristine" sort="Roy, Kristine" uniqKey="Roy K" first="Kristine" last="Roy">Kristine Roy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donnelly, Joseph" sort="Donnelly, Joseph" uniqKey="Donnelly J" first="Joseph" last="Donnelly">Joseph Donnelly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dawkins, Keith" sort="Dawkins, Keith" uniqKey="Dawkins K" first="Keith" last="Dawkins">Keith Dawkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huibregtse, Barbara" sort="Huibregtse, Barbara" uniqKey="Huibregtse B" first="Barbara" last="Huibregtse">Barbara Huibregtse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, Dongming" sort="Hou, Dongming" uniqKey="Hou D" first="Dongming" last="Hou">Dongming Hou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28017123</idno><idno type="pmc">5452149</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452149</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5452149</idno><idno type="doi">10.2174/1573403X12666161222155230</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001297</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001297</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Current State of Bioabsorbable Polymer-Coated Drug-Eluting Stents</title><author><name sortKey="Akinapelli, Abhilash" sort="Akinapelli, Abhilash" uniqKey="Akinapelli A" first="Abhilash" last="Akinapelli">Abhilash Akinapelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE,<country>USA</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jack P" sort="Chen, Jack P" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jack P." last="Chen">Jack P. Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA,<country>USA</country>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roy, Kristine" sort="Roy, Kristine" uniqKey="Roy K" first="Kristine" last="Roy">Kristine Roy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donnelly, Joseph" sort="Donnelly, Joseph" uniqKey="Donnelly J" first="Joseph" last="Donnelly">Joseph Donnelly</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dawkins, Keith" sort="Dawkins, Keith" uniqKey="Dawkins K" first="Keith" last="Dawkins">Keith Dawkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huibregtse, Barbara" sort="Huibregtse, Barbara" uniqKey="Huibregtse B" first="Barbara" last="Huibregtse">Barbara Huibregtse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, Dongming" sort="Hou, Dongming" uniqKey="Hou D" first="Dongming" last="Hou">Dongming Hou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Current Cardiology Reviews</title><idno type="ISSN">1573-403X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1875-6557</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to significantly reduce clinical and angiograph-ic restenosis compared to bare metal stents (BMS). The polymer coatings on DES elute antiproliferative drugs to inhibit intimal proliferation and prevent restenosis after stent implantation. Permanent poly-mers which do not degrade in vivo may increase the likelihood of stent-related delayed arterial healing or polymer hypersensitivity. In turn, these limitations may contribute to an increased risk of late clinical events. Intuitively, a polymer which degrades after completion of drug release, leaving an inert metal scaffold in place, may improve arterial healing by removing a chronic source of inflammation, neoath-erosclerosis, and/or late thrombosis. In this way, a biodegradable polymer may reduce late ischemic events. Additionally, improved healing after stent implantation could reduce the requirement for long-term dual antiplatelet therapy and the associated risk of bleeding and cost. This review will focus on bioabsorbable polymer-coated DES currently being evaluated in clinical trials.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Serruys, P W" uniqKey="Serruys P">P.W. Serruys</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Jaegere, P" uniqKey="De Jaegere P">P. de Jaegere</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiemeneij, F" uniqKey="Kiemeneij F">F. Kiemeneij</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, L B" uniqKey="Goldstein L">L.B. Goldstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bushnell, C D" uniqKey="Bushnell C">C.D. Bushnell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adams, R J" uniqKey="Adams R">R.J. Adams</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Indolfi, C" uniqKey="Indolfi C">C. Indolfi</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Rosa, S" uniqKey="De Rosa S">S. De Rosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Colombo, A" uniqKey="Colombo A">A. Colombo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramcharitar, S" uniqKey="Ramcharitar S">S. Ramcharitar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vaina, S" uniqKey="Vaina S">S. Vaina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serruys, P W" uniqKey="Serruys P">P.W. Serruys</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Busch, R" uniqKey="Busch R">R. Busch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strohbach, A" uniqKey="Strohbach A">A. Strohbach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peterson, S" uniqKey="Peterson S">S. Peterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sternberg, K" uniqKey="Sternberg K">K. Sternberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Felix, S" uniqKey="Felix S">S. Felix</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Busch, R" uniqKey="Busch R">R. Busch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strohbach, A" uniqKey="Strohbach A">A. Strohbach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rethfeldt, S" uniqKey="Rethfeldt S">S. Rethfeldt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakazawa, G" uniqKey="Nakazawa G">G. Nakazawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakano, M" uniqKey="Nakano M">M. Nakano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Otsuka, F" uniqKey="Otsuka F">F. Otsuka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hiranuma, N" uniqKey="Hiranuma N">N. Hiranuma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shinke, T" uniqKey="Shinke T">T. Shinke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakazawa, G" uniqKey="Nakazawa G">G. Nakazawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yeh, J S" uniqKey="Yeh J">J.S. Yeh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, S J" uniqKey="Oh S">S.J. Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsueh, C M" uniqKey="Hsueh C">C.M. Hsueh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drachman, D E" uniqKey="Drachman D">D.E. Drachman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Edelman, E R" uniqKey="Edelman E">E.R. Edelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seifert, P" uniqKey="Seifert P">P. Seifert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Finn, A V" uniqKey="Finn A">A.V. Finn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakazawa, G" uniqKey="Nakazawa G">G. Nakazawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joner, M" uniqKey="Joner M">M. Joner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Virmani, R" uniqKey="Virmani R">R. Virmani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guagliumi, G" uniqKey="Guagliumi G">G. Guagliumi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farb, A" uniqKey="Farb A">A. Farb</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joner, M" uniqKey="Joner M">M. Joner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Finn, A V" uniqKey="Finn A">A.V. Finn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farb, A" uniqKey="Farb A">A. Farb</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, S Y" uniqKey="Lee S">S-Y. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, D H" uniqKey="Shin D">D-H. Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mintz, G S" uniqKey="Mintz G">G.S. Mintz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Won, H" uniqKey="Won H">H. Won</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, J S" uniqKey="Kim J">J-S. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, D H" uniqKey="Shin D">D-H. Shin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Otsuka, F" uniqKey="Otsuka F">F. Otsuka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vorpahl, M" uniqKey="Vorpahl M">M. Vorpahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakano, M" uniqKey="Nakano M">M. Nakano</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Byrne, R A" uniqKey="Byrne R">R.A. Byrne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joner, M" uniqKey="Joner M">M. Joner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kastrati, A" uniqKey="Kastrati A">A. Kastrati</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Finn, A V" uniqKey="Finn A">A.V. Finn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakazawa, G" uniqKey="Nakazawa G">G. Nakazawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joner, M" uniqKey="Joner M">M. Joner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, J P" uniqKey="Chen J">J.P. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, D" uniqKey="Hou D">D. Hou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pendyala, L" uniqKey="Pendyala L">L. Pendyala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goudevenos, J A" uniqKey="Goudevenos J">J.A. Goudevenos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kounis, N G" uniqKey="Kounis N">N.G. Kounis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mauri, L" uniqKey="Mauri L">L. Mauri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kereiakes, D J" uniqKey="Kereiakes D">D.J. Kereiakes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yeh, R W" uniqKey="Yeh R">R.W. Yeh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, M" uniqKey="Chen M">M. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, B" uniqKey="Zheng B">B. Zheng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hagiwara, H" uniqKey="Hagiwara H">H. Hagiwara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hiraishi, Y" uniqKey="Hiraishi Y">Y. Hiraishi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Terao, H" uniqKey="Terao H">H. Terao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takimura, C K" uniqKey="Takimura C">C.K. Takimura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, C A" uniqKey="Campos C">C.A. Campos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melo, P H" uniqKey="Melo P">P.H. Melo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilson, G J" uniqKey="Wilson G">G.J. Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marks, A" uniqKey="Marks A">A. Marks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berg, K J" uniqKey="Berg K">K.J. Berg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koppara, T" uniqKey="Koppara T">T. Koppara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joner, M" uniqKey="Joner M">M. Joner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bayer, G" uniqKey="Bayer G">G. Bayer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steigerwald, K" uniqKey="Steigerwald K">K. Steigerwald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diener, T" uniqKey="Diener T">T. Diener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wittchow, E" uniqKey="Wittchow E">E. Wittchow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pendyala, L K" uniqKey="Pendyala L">L.K. Pendyala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D">D. Matsumoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shinke, T" uniqKey="Shinke T">T. Shinke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakazawa, G" uniqKey="Nakazawa G">G. Nakazawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torii, S" uniqKey="Torii S">S. Torii</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ijichi, T" uniqKey="Ijichi T">T. Ijichi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez Chico, J L" uniqKey="Gutierrez Chico J">J.L. Gutiérrez-Chico</name></author><author><name sortKey="Juni, P" uniqKey="Juni P">P. Jüni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Garcia, H M" uniqKey="Garcia Garcia H">H.M. García-García</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barlis, P" uniqKey="Barlis P">P. Barlis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Regar, E" uniqKey="Regar E">E. Regar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serruys, P W" uniqKey="Serruys P">P.W. Serruys</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karjalainen, P P" uniqKey="Karjalainen P">P.P. Karjalainen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Varho, V" uniqKey="Varho V">V. Varho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nammas, W" uniqKey="Nammas W">W. Nammas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Davlouros, P A" uniqKey="Davlouros P">P.A. Davlouros</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mavronasiou, E" uniqKey="Mavronasiou E">E. Mavronasiou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xanthopoulou, I" uniqKey="Xanthopoulou I">I. Xanthopoulou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guagliumi, G" uniqKey="Guagliumi G">G. Guagliumi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sirbu, V" uniqKey="Sirbu V">V. Sirbu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Musumeci, G" uniqKey="Musumeci G">G. Musumeci</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kubo, T" uniqKey="Kubo T">T. Kubo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akasaka, T" uniqKey="Akasaka T">T. Akasaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kozuma, K" uniqKey="Kozuma K">K. Kozuma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De La Torre Hernandez, J M" uniqKey="De La Torre Hernandez J">J.M. de la Torre Hernández</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tejedor, P" uniqKey="Tejedor P">P. Tejedor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Camarero, T G" uniqKey="Camarero T">T.G. Camarero</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuramitsu, S" uniqKey="Kuramitsu S">S. Kuramitsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sonoda, S" uniqKey="Sonoda S">S. Sonoda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yokoi, H" uniqKey="Yokoi H">H. Yokoi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hamilos, M I" uniqKey="Hamilos M">M.I. Hamilos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ostojic, M" uniqKey="Ostojic M">M. Ostojic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beleslin, B" uniqKey="Beleslin B">B. Beleslin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Puricel, S" uniqKey="Puricel S">S. Puricel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kallinikou, Z" uniqKey="Kallinikou Z">Z. Kallinikou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Espinola, J" uniqKey="Espinola J">J. Espinola</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eppihimer, M J" uniqKey="Eppihimer M">M.J. Eppihimer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sushkova, N" uniqKey="Sushkova N">N. Sushkova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grimsby, J L" uniqKey="Grimsby J">J.L. Grimsby</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meredith, I T" uniqKey="Meredith I">I.T. Meredith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verheye, S" uniqKey="Verheye S">S. Verheye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubois, C L" uniqKey="Dubois C">C.L. Dubois</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meredith, I" uniqKey="Meredith I">I. Meredith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kereiakes, D J" uniqKey="Kereiakes D">D.J. Kereiakes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meredith, I T" uniqKey="Meredith I">I.T. Meredith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Windecker, S" uniqKey="Windecker S">S. Windecker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kereiakes, D J" uniqKey="Kereiakes D">D.J. Kereiakes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Windecker, S" uniqKey="Windecker S">S. Windecker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kereiakes, D J" uniqKey="Kereiakes D">D.J. Kereiakes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meredith, I T" uniqKey="Meredith I">I.T. Meredith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meredith, It" uniqKey="Meredith I">IT Meredith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meredith, I" uniqKey="Meredith I">I. Meredith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffe, W" uniqKey="Jaffe W">W. Jaffe</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Jack, S" uniqKey="El Jack S">S. El-Jack</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Han, Y" uniqKey="Han Y">Y. Han</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Varenne, O" uniqKey="Varenne O">O Varenne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cuisset, T" uniqKey="Cuisset T">T Cuisset</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaib, A" uniqKey="Chaib A">A Chaïb</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grube, E" uniqKey="Grube E">E. Grube</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hauptmann, K E" uniqKey="Hauptmann K">K-E. Hauptmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buellesfeld, L" uniqKey="Buellesfeld L">L. Buellesfeld</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, V" uniqKey="Lim V">V. Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abizaid, A" uniqKey="Abizaid A">A. Abizaid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Windecker, S" uniqKey="Windecker S">S. Windecker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serruys, P W" uniqKey="Serruys P">P.W. Serruys</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wandel, S" uniqKey="Wandel S">S. Wandel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Serruys, P W" uniqKey="Serruys P">P.W. Serruys</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farooq, V" uniqKey="Farooq V">V. Farooq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kalesan, B" uniqKey="Kalesan B">B. Kalesan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="R Ber, L" uniqKey="R Ber L">L. Räber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kelb K, H" uniqKey="Kelb K H">H. Kelbæk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ostojic, M" uniqKey="Ostojic M">M. Ostojic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="R Ber, L" uniqKey="R Ber L">L. Räber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kelb K, H" uniqKey="Kelb K H">H. Kelbæk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taniwaki, M" uniqKey="Taniwaki M">M. Taniwaki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ostojic, M" uniqKey="Ostojic M">M. Ostojic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sagic, D" uniqKey="Sagic D">D. Sagic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beleslin, B" uniqKey="Beleslin B">B. Beleslin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chevalier, B" uniqKey="Chevalier B">B. Chevalier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serruys, P W" uniqKey="Serruys P">P.W. Serruys</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silber, S" uniqKey="Silber S">S. Silber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chevalier, B" uniqKey="Chevalier B">B. Chevalier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wijns, W" uniqKey="Wijns W">W. Wijns</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silber, S" uniqKey="Silber S">S. Silber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kadota, K" uniqKey="Kadota K">K. Kadota</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muramatsu, T" uniqKey="Muramatsu T">T. Muramatsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iwabuchi, M" uniqKey="Iwabuchi M">M. Iwabuchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Natsuaki, M" uniqKey="Natsuaki M">M. Natsuaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kozuma, K" uniqKey="Kozuma K">K. Kozuma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morimoto, T" uniqKey="Morimoto T">T. Morimoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vlachojannis, G J" uniqKey="Vlachojannis G">G.J. Vlachojannis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smits, P C" uniqKey="Smits P">P.C. Smits</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hofma, S H" uniqKey="Hofma S">S.H. Hofma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaiser, C" uniqKey="Kaiser C">C. Kaiser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galatius, S" uniqKey="Galatius S">S. Galatius</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeger, R" uniqKey="Jeger R">R. Jeger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Christiansen, E H" uniqKey="Christiansen E">E.H. Christiansen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jensen, L O" uniqKey="Jensen L">L.O. Jensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thayssen, P" uniqKey="Thayssen P">P. Thayssen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, J Y" uniqKey="Lee J">J-Y. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, D W" uniqKey="Park D">D-W. Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Y H" uniqKey="Kim Y">Y-H. Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cassese, S" uniqKey="Cassese S">S. Cassese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fusaro, M" uniqKey="Fusaro M">M. Fusaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Byrne, R A" uniqKey="Byrne R">R.A. Byrne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Danzi, G B" uniqKey="Danzi G">G.B. Danzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chevalier, B" uniqKey="Chevalier B">B. Chevalier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Urban, P" uniqKey="Urban P">P. Urban</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Godino, C" uniqKey="Godino C">C. Godino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parenti, D Z" uniqKey="Parenti D">D.Z. Parenti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Regazzoli, D" uniqKey="Regazzoli D">D. Regazzoli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barbato, E" uniqKey="Barbato E">E. Barbato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salinger Martinovic, S" uniqKey="Salinger Martinovic S">S. Salinger-Martinovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sagic, D" uniqKey="Sagic D">D. Sagic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beleslin, B" uniqKey="Beleslin B">B. Beleslin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saito, S" uniqKey="Saito S">S. Saito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valdes Chavarri, M" uniqKey="Valdes Chavarri M">M. Valdes-Chavarri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardt, G" uniqKey="Richardt G">G. Richardt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koppara, T" uniqKey="Koppara T">T. Koppara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joner, M" uniqKey="Joner M">M. Joner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bayer, G" uniqKey="Bayer G">G. Bayer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steigerwald, K" uniqKey="Steigerwald K">K. Steigerwald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diener, T" uniqKey="Diener T">T. Diener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wittchow, E" uniqKey="Wittchow E">E. Wittchow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hamon, M" uniqKey="Hamon M">M. Hamon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niculescu, R" uniqKey="Niculescu R">R. Niculescu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deleanu, D" uniqKey="Deleanu D">D. Deleanu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorobantu, M" uniqKey="Dorobantu M">M. Dorobantu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weissman, N J" uniqKey="Weissman N">N.J. Weissman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waksman, R" uniqKey="Waksman R">R. Waksman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Windecker, S" uniqKey="Windecker S">S. Windecker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haude, M" uniqKey="Haude M">M. Haude</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neumann, F J" uniqKey="Neumann F">F-J. Neumann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pilgrim, T" uniqKey="Pilgrim T">T. Pilgrim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heg, D" uniqKey="Heg D">D. Heg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roffi, M" uniqKey="Roffi M">M. Roffi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Waltenberger, J" uniqKey="Waltenberger J">J. Waltenberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brachmann, J" uniqKey="Brachmann J">J. Brachmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Heyden, J" uniqKey="Van Der Heyden J">J. van der Heyden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ormiston, J" uniqKey="Ormiston J">J. Ormiston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, M" uniqKey="Webster M">M. Webster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, J" uniqKey="Stewart J">J. Stewart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vrolix, M" uniqKey="Vrolix M">M. Vrolix</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wijns, W" uniqKey="Wijns W">W. Wijns</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vrolix, M" uniqKey="Vrolix M">M. Vrolix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verheye, S" uniqKey="Verheye S">S. Verheye</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lansky, A J" uniqKey="Lansky A">A.J. Lansky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kastrati, A" uniqKey="Kastrati A">A. Kastrati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Edelman, E R" uniqKey="Edelman E">E.R. Edelman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Verheye, S" uniqKey="Verheye S">S. Verheye</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Serruys, P W" uniqKey="Serruys P">P.W. Serruys</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garg, S" uniqKey="Garg S">S. Garg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abizaid, A" uniqKey="Abizaid A">A. Abizaid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Iqbal, J" uniqKey="Iqbal J">J. Iqbal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verheye, S" uniqKey="Verheye S">S. Verheye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abizaid, A" uniqKey="Abizaid A">A. Abizaid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dou, K" uniqKey="Dou K">K. Dou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Y" uniqKey="Han Y">Y. Han</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Han, Y" uniqKey="Han Y">Y. Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jing, Q" uniqKey="Jing Q">Q. Jing</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Q" uniqKey="Zhang Q">Q. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, J P" uniqKey="Qiu J">J.P. Qiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kirtane, A J" uniqKey="Kirtane A">A.J. Kirtane</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Han, Y L" uniqKey="Han Y">Y-L. Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, L" uniqKey="Zhang L">L. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, L X" uniqKey="Yang L">L-X. Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, S L" uniqKey="Chen S">S-L. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, F" uniqKey="Ye F">F. Ye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J-J. Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, G" uniqKey="Wang G">G. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Z" uniqKey="Sun Z">Z. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Q" uniqKey="Jin Q">Q. Jin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, M D" uniqKey="Oliveira M">M.D. Oliveira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, E E" uniqKey="Ribeiro E">E.E. Ribeiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, C M" uniqKey="Campos C">C.M. Campos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, E E" uniqKey="Ribeiro E">E.E. Ribeiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, C M" uniqKey="Campos C">C.M. Campos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, H B" uniqKey="Ribeiro H">H.B. Ribeiro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lemos, P A" uniqKey="Lemos P">P.A. Lemos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abizaid, A A" uniqKey="Abizaid A">A.A. Abizaid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meireles, G C" uniqKey="Meireles G">G.C. Meireles</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prado, G F" uniqKey="Prado G">G.F. Prado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, E E" uniqKey="Ribeiro E">E.E. Ribeiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melo, P H" uniqKey="Melo P">P.H. Melo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Qian, J" uniqKey="Qian J">J. Qian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lansky, A J" uniqKey="Lansky A">A.J. Lansky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gao, R L" uniqKey="Gao R">R-L. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lansky, A J" uniqKey="Lansky A">A.J. Lansky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y J" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y-J. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Z W" uniqKey="Sun Z">Z-W. Sun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, R L" uniqKey="Gao R">R-L. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, R Y" uniqKey="Zhang R">R-Y. Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Y" uniqKey="Zhao Y">Y. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y. Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gao, Z" uniqKey="Gao Z">Z. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, R" uniqKey="Zhang R">R. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mehilli, J" uniqKey="Mehilli J">J. Mehilli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Byrne, R A" uniqKey="Byrne R">R.A. Byrne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wieczorek, A" uniqKey="Wieczorek A">A. Wieczorek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Byrne, R A" uniqKey="Byrne R">R.A. Byrne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kastrati, A" uniqKey="Kastrati A">A. Kastrati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kufner, S" uniqKey="Kufner S">S. Kufner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kufner, S" uniqKey="Kufner S">S. Kufner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Massberg, S" uniqKey="Massberg S">S. Massberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dommasch, M" uniqKey="Dommasch M">M. Dommasch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Byrne, R A" uniqKey="Byrne R">R.A. Byrne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kastrati, A" uniqKey="Kastrati A">A. Kastrati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Massberg, S" uniqKey="Massberg S">S. Massberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kufner, S" uniqKey="Kufner S">S. Kufner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Byrne, R A" uniqKey="Byrne R">R.A. Byrne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valeskini, M" uniqKey="Valeskini M">M. Valeskini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Qian, J" uniqKey="Qian J">J. Qian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y J" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y-J. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, R" uniqKey="Gao R">R. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y. Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Webster, M" uniqKey="Webster M">M. Webster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harding, S" uniqKey="Harding S">S. Harding</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcclean, D" uniqKey="Mcclean D">D. McClean</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khattab, A A" uniqKey="Khattab A">A.A. Khattab</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nijhoff, F" uniqKey="Nijhoff F">F. Nijhoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schofer, J" uniqKey="Schofer J">J. Schofer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Verheye, S" uniqKey="Verheye S">S. Verheye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khattab, A A" uniqKey="Khattab A">A.A. Khattab</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carrie, D" uniqKey="Carrie D">D. Carrie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dani, S" uniqKey="Dani S">S. Dani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Costa, R A" uniqKey="Costa R">R.A. Costa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joshi, H" uniqKey="Joshi H">H. Joshi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lupi, A" uniqKey="Lupi A">A. Lupi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gabrio Secco, G" uniqKey="Gabrio Secco G">G. Gabrio Secco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rognoni, A" uniqKey="Rognoni A">A. Rognoni</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Navarese, E P" uniqKey="Navarese E">E.P. Navarese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kubica, J" uniqKey="Kubica J">J. Kubica</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castriota, F" uniqKey="Castriota F">F. Castriota</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, P" uniqKey="Dong P">P. Dong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, L" uniqKey="Li L">L. Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, S" uniqKey="Liu S">S. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Y" uniqKey="Luo Y">Y. Luo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J. Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sun, L X" uniqKey="Sun L">L-X. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J. Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sarno, G" uniqKey="Sarno G">G. Sarno</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pilgrim, T" uniqKey="Pilgrim T">T. Pilgrim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roffi, M" uniqKey="Roffi M">M. Roffi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tuller, D" uniqKey="Tuller D">D. Tüller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Han, Y" uniqKey="Han Y">Y. Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, K" uniqKey="Xu K">K. Xu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grube, E" uniqKey="Grube E">E. Grube</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hauptmann, K" uniqKey="Hauptmann K">K. Hauptmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buellesfeld, L" uniqKey="Buellesfeld L">L. Buellesfeld</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, V" uniqKey="Lim V">V. Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abizaid, A" uniqKey="Abizaid A">A. Abizaid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Urban, P" uniqKey="Urban P">P. Urban</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valdes, M" uniqKey="Valdes M">M. Valdés</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menown, I" uniqKey="Menown I">I. Menown</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chevalier, B" uniqKey="Chevalier B">B. Chevalier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silber, S" uniqKey="Silber S">S. Silber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, S J" uniqKey="Park S">S-J. Park</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smits, P C" uniqKey="Smits P">P.C. Smits</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hofma, S" uniqKey="Hofma S">S. Hofma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Togni, M" uniqKey="Togni M">M. Togni</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saito, S" uniqKey="Saito S">S. Saito</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bennett, J" uniqKey="Bennett J">J. Bennett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubois, C" uniqKey="Dubois C">C. Dubois</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Curr Cardiol Rev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Curr Cardiol Rev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CCR</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Current Cardiology Reviews</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1573-403X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1875-6557</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Bentham Science Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28017123</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5452149</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CCR-13-139</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2174/1573403X12666161222155230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Current State of Bioabsorbable Polymer-Coated Drug-Eluting Stents</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Akinapelli</surname><given-names>Abhilash</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Jack P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roy</surname><given-names>Kristine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Donnelly</surname><given-names>Joseph</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dawkins</surname><given-names>Keith</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huibregtse</surname><given-names>Barbara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hou</surname><given-names>Dongming</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE,<country>USA</country>;</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA,<country>USA</country>;</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA,<country>USA</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Address correspondence to this author at the One Scimed Pl., A300, Maple Grove, MN 55311, USA; Tel: 763-203-0606;, E-mail: <email xlink:href="Dongming.Hou@bsci.com">Dongming.Hou@bsci.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><month>5</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 Bentham Science Publishers</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><license-p>This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) <uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode">(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode</uri>), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to significantly reduce clinical and angiograph-ic restenosis compared to bare metal stents (BMS). The polymer coatings on DES elute antiproliferative drugs to inhibit intimal proliferation and prevent restenosis after stent implantation. Permanent poly-mers which do not degrade in vivo may increase the likelihood of stent-related delayed arterial healing or polymer hypersensitivity. In turn, these limitations may contribute to an increased risk of late clinical events. Intuitively, a polymer which degrades after completion of drug release, leaving an inert metal scaffold in place, may improve arterial healing by removing a chronic source of inflammation, neoath-erosclerosis, and/or late thrombosis. In this way, a biodegradable polymer may reduce late ischemic events. Additionally, improved healing after stent implantation could reduce the requirement for long-term dual antiplatelet therapy and the associated risk of bleeding and cost. This review will focus on bioabsorbable polymer-coated DES currently being evaluated in clinical trials.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>Keywords: </title><kwd>Bioabsorbable polymer</kwd><kwd>drug-eluting stent</kwd><kwd>abluminal coating</kwd><kwd>BMS</kwd><kwd>clinical trials</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a mainstay in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary artery disease. Since the invention of balloon angioplasty, the field of PCI has progressed significantly over the last three decades. The use of balloon-expandable metallic stents has decreased, but not eliminated, the risk of restenosis as compared to simple balloon angioplasty [<xref rid="r1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. Permanent polymer-coated drug-eluting stents (DES) elute drugs that inhibit intimal proliferation and prevent restenosis after stent implantation. Compared to bare-metal stents (BMS), DES have similar rates of death and myocardial infarction (MI), but lower rates of clinical and angiographic restenosis [<xref rid="r2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>].</p><p>DES consist of three components: a permanent metallic scaffold, the polymer, and an antiproliferative drug. First-generation stents were made of nitinol and then stainless steel; later generation metallic stent scaffolds have used cobalt chromium or platinum chromium alloys which allow thinner stent struts, whilst maintaining radial strength. Coronary scaffolds which fully degrade (for example Absorb Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold System, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, USA) have been introduced in the past decade and are beyond the scope of this review [<xref rid="r3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. Antiproliferative drugs used in current DES (for example, sirolimus, everolimus, biolimus, novolimus) generally inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway but have different pharmacological profiles [<xref rid="r4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>].</p><p>The purpose of the polymer is to store and modulate the elution of the drug into the arterial tissue/site of the lesion. Permanent polymers used in first- and second-generation DES do not degrade; first-generation polymers included polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate (PEVA) and polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA), whereas the current best-in-class DES use polyvinylidene fluoride- hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) or phosphorylcholine [<xref rid="r5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>, <xref rid="r6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. Animal models of arterial healing have shown that first-generation DES are associated with delayed healing, hypersensitivity, and an increased incidence of vascular inflammatory reactions compared with BMS and second-generation DES [<xref rid="r7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>-<xref rid="r11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>]. These observations are supported by findings in human autopsy [<xref rid="r12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>, <xref rid="r13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>] and optical coherence studies [<xref rid="r14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>, <xref rid="r15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]. Second generation DES have shown improvements biocompatibility and clinical outcomes [<xref rid="r8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>, <xref rid="r16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>] but may still lead to neoatherosclerosis and thrombosis [<xref rid="r7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>, <xref rid="r17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>].</p><p>Delayed endothelialization and chronic inflammation associated with DES may be attributed to the drug, the permanent polymer, or both; however, persistent hypersensitivity reactions (beyond the period of drug delivery) support a role for permanent polymers in the inflammatory reaction [<xref rid="r18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>, <xref rid="r19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]. As such, efforts have been made to develop bioabsorbable polymers which, after completion of drug release, degrade leaving a bare metal scaffold in place and potentially facilitate endothelialization and reduce the risk of an inflammatory reaction. The vast majority of biodegradable polymers developed are synthetic polyesters from the poly (α-hydroxy acid) family including polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid and their co-polymer polylactic-co-glycolic acid. The potential clinical benefits of a polymer which degrades include a reduction in stent-related ischemic events and/or the potential to reduce the required duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after stent implantation. The recent large-scale DAPT study by Mauri <italic>et al.</italic> (2014) demonstrated that a long-term (30-month) DAPT regimen resulted in significantly lower rates of thrombosis compared to a shorter (12-month) DAPT regimen, but was associated with a significantly increased risk of bleeding [<xref rid="r20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]. Permanent polymer DES were used exclusively in this study; the potential for improved healing associated with bioabsorbable polymer-coated DES (BP-DES) may permit shorter DAPT duration following PCI with DES and, consequently, reduce the risk of bleeding without increasing the risk of stent thrombosis (ST).</p><p>This review will focus on permanent metallic stents releasing ‘olimus drugs from bioabsorbable polymers. A list of bioabsorbable-polymer coated DES currently being tested in clinical trials is shown in Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>. The time course of drug release and polymer absorption is shown in Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref></bold>.</p><sec><title>Preclinical Trials Comparing Bioabsorbable Polymer DES to Permanent Polymer DES</title><p>Multiple animal models have demonstrated that BP-DES induce similar levels of inflammation as BMS [<xref rid="r12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>-<xref rid="r14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. Comparable vascular responses were observed after BP-DES, BMS, or a polymer-only control stent implantation in a porcine coronary artery model and endothelialization with BP-DES was complete by 28 days [<xref rid="r21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>-<xref rid="r24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]. Koppara <italic>et al.</italic> showed that BP-DES were associated with significantly less inflammation and neointimal growth when compared to permanent polymer DES at 28 days after implantation [<xref rid="r25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]. Likewise, a reduction in the inflammatory response to stent implantation and rapid neointimal coverage was observed with BP-DES compared to a permanent polymer DES in pigs and in rabbits [<xref rid="r26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>, <xref rid="r27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>].</p><p>In humans, optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based studies have demonstrated equivocal results in relation to endothelialization after implantation of BP-DES compared to permanent polymer DES, with either favorable results [<xref rid="r18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>-<xref rid="r20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>] or negative or neutral effects when eralier, thicker strut BP-DES were tested [<xref rid="r21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>-<xref rid="r23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]. More recent BP-DES studies have found that an everolimus-eluting BP-DES displayed complete and smooth coverage over all struts by 2 months [<xref rid="r28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>-<xref rid="r34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>]. An evaluation of coronary lesions by OCT t five years after biolimus-eluting BP-DES implantation demonstrated fewer uncovered stent struts compared to sirolimus-eluting permanent polymer stents [<xref rid="r35" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>]. In a study performed by Hamilos and colleagues, endothelial dependent vasomotor function was preserved in patients with BP-DES, but not in patients who received a permanent polymer DES [<xref rid="r36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]. However, Puricel <italic>et al.</italic> demonstrated that endothelium dependent and independent vasomotor responses were similar between biolimus-eluting BP-DES and everolimus-eluting permanent polymer DES [<xref rid="r37" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>].</p><p>Drug release (yellow) and polymer absorption (blue) arranged by length of polymer absorption.</p></sec></sec><sec><title>CLINICAL TRIALS OF BIOABSORBABLE POLYMER-COATED DES</title><sec><title>SYNERGY Stent</title><p>The SYNERGY stent (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, USA) is the only BP-DES approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for commercial use. SYNERGY is a thin-strut (74 µm) platinum chromium stent that delivers everolimus from a 4 µm ultrathin bioabsorbable poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer applied to the abluminal surface (no drug/polymer are present on the luminal side; Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). The platinum chromium platform which remains after complete degradation of the polymer has been shown to be less pro-inflammatory compared to gold, cobalt chromium, or cobalt nickel alloy platforms in cell assay, and may enhance endothelial cell stent coverage while and reducing platelet adhesion when compared with a stent coated with a PVDF permanent polymer <italic>in vitro</italic> [<xref rid="r38" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]. Animal studies have demonstrated that PLGA absorption is complete shortly after drug release (Fig. <bold><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref></bold>; <4 months) [<xref rid="r24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>].</p><p>The EVOLVE first-human-use trial compared the safety and efficacy of SYNERGY to the permanent polymer everolimus-eluting PROMUS Element™ stent (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, USA); 2 dose formulations of everolimus were used (“SYNERGY” had an equivalent dose to</p><p>Drug release (yellow) and polymer absorption (blue). Based on Bennett and Dubois, 2013 [<xref rid="r121" ref-type="bibr">121</xref>].</p><p>PROMUS Element; “SYNERGY ½ dose” had half the dose of PROMUS Element) [<xref rid="r39" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]. A total of 291 patients with <italic>de novo</italic> native coronary lesions were enrolled in a 1:1:1 ratio (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>). The primary clinical endpoint was 30-day target lesion failure (TLF: defined as cardiac death, target-vessel related myocardial infarction [TV-MI], or target vessel revascularization [TVR]) and the primary angiographic endpoint was 6-month in-stent late loss. The 30-day TLF rates</p><p>were 0%, 1.1%, and 3.1% for patients in the PROMUS Element, SYNERGY, and SYNERGY ½ dose groups, respectively (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>). The 6-month rates of in-stent late loss in both SYNERGY arms were noninferior to PROMUS Element (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>) [<xref rid="r39" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]. After 5 years of follow-up, subjects enrolled in the study continued to have low mortality and MI rates. There were no stent thromboses (ST) reported for any group at 5 years [<xref rid="r40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>].</p><p>EVOLVE II was a global, single-blind, randomized, multicenter, noninferiority pivotal trial comparing SYNERGY to the PROMUS Element Plus everolimus-eluting stent (Boston Scientific., Marlborough, USA). A total of 1,684 ‘more-comer’ patients with non-ST elevation MI or stable coronary artery disease were randomized 1:1 to receive SYNERGY or PROMUS Element Plus. At 12 months, the SYNERGY stent was noninferior to PROMUS Element Plus for the primary endpoint of TLF (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>). There were no significant differences in clinically-indicated TVR or definite/probable ST between SYNERGY and PROMUS Element Plus at 1 year [<xref rid="r41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>]. At 2 years, TLF occurred in 8.5% of PROMUS Element Plus patients compared to 9.4% of SYNERGY patients (<italic>P</italic>=0.66) [<xref rid="r42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>]. Definite/probable ST was infrequent with SYNERGY and, beyond 24 hours, only 1 probable and no definite ST occurred on day 6 in the SYNERGY arm (cumulative rates at 2 years: PROMUS Element 0.8% vs SYNERGY 0.4%; <italic>P</italic>=0.31) [<xref rid="r41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>, <xref rid="r42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>].</p><p>In the EVOLVE II Diabetes Substudy, patients with diabetes randomized to the SYNERGY arm in the EVOLVE II RCT (263 subjects) were pooled with diabetic subjects enrolled in a single-arm Diabetes study [<xref rid="r43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>]. The primary endpoint of the EVOLVE II Diabetes Substudy, 12-month TLF, was 7.5% (34/451) in SYNERGY-treated patients with diabetes which was significantly less than the performance goal (14.5%; <italic>P</italic><0.0001; Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>). At 2 years, clinical outcomes were similar to the overall population [<xref rid="r44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>].</p><p>SYNERGY has also been tested in an angiographic cohort of patients in EVOLVE II QCA, a prospective, single-arm, multicenter study (N=100; Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>) [<xref rid="r45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>]. The primary endpoint, in-stent late loss at 9 months, was 0.23±0.34 mm which was significantly less than the performance goal of 0.40 mm (<italic>P</italic><0.0001). There were no deaths; 5 subjects had periprocedural non-Q-wave MI based on the conservative protocol definition (based on CK-MB >3x URL). No patient experienced a definite or probable ST through 12 months [<xref rid="r45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>].</p><p>Finally, EVOLVE China assessed SYNERGY versus PROMUS Element Plus in a randomized controlled trial at 12 sites in China (N=412; Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>) [<xref rid="r46" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>]. The primary endpoint of 9-month in stent late loss in SYNERGY was found to be noninferior to PROMUS Element Plus. Clinical outcomes at 12 months were similar between arms [<xref rid="r46" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>].</p><p>Two studies are in progress to test the safety of a shorter duration of DAPT. SENIOR (NCT02099617) will compare outcomes in elderly patients receiving either SYNERGY or BMS with DAPT for 1 or 6 months depending on clinical presentation [<xref rid="r47" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>]. The primary endpoint is major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 12 months. EVOLVE Short DAPT study is a prospective, multicenter, single-arm post-approval study designed to assess the safety of 3-month dual antiplatelet therapy in PCI patients at high risk of bleeding (NCT02605447). The study has 2 powered co-primary endpoints assessed between 3 and 15 months post index procedure: the rate of death or MI, and definite/probable ST.</p></sec><sec><title>Biomatrix™ Stent</title><p>Biomatrix (Biosensors Europe SA, Morges, Switzerland) is one of the first BP-DES developed and tested clinically. The Biomatrix stent elutes biolimus A9 (a sirolimus analogue) from a tubular, laser-cut, stainless steel stent (137µm strut thickness; Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). Biomatrix delivers the antiproliferative drug via a bioabsorbable polylactic acid polymer (PLA; 120 µm thick) coated on the abluminal surface of the stent (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). The PLA coating is fully absorbed within 6-9 months.</p><p>The Biomatrix stent was first tested in humans in the STEALTH trial (STent Eluting A9 BioLimus Trial in Humans), a randomized (2:1), multicenter study of 120 patients comparing Biomatrix to a BMS control. Six-month results from STEALTH demonstrated that for the primary endpoint of in-segment late lumen loss, Biomatrix had significantly less lumen loss compared to BMS (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">3</xref>). Event-free survival at 6 months was similar between arms (Biomatrix 96.3% vs S-Stent 97.5%; <italic>P</italic>=0.72) [<xref rid="r48" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>].</p><p>The STEALTH trial was followed by the larger LEADERS multicenter, noninferiority trial (Limus Eluted from A Durable Versus ERodable Stent Coating) comparing the Biomatrix stent to a sirolimus-eluting permanent polymer DES (SES: Cypher SELECT™, Cordis, Miami Lakes, USA) in 1,707 randomized patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndromes. The LEADERS trial demonstrated noninferiority of Biomatrix to SES for the composite primary endpoint of major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiac death, MI, or clinically-indicated TVR) at nine months (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">3</xref>) [<xref rid="r49" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>]. Five-year follow-up of the LEADERS trial demonstrated that Biomatrix remained noninferior to SES for MACE and that late ST and associated clinical events were significantly reduced with Biomatrix compared to SES (<italic>P</italic>=0.005; <xref ref-type="table" rid="T3"><bold>Table 3</bold></xref>) [<xref rid="r50" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>].</p><p>The Biomatrix stent has also been tested in the COMFORTABLE trial (Comparison of Biolimus Eluted from an Erodible Stent Coating with Bare Metal Stents in Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) which examined outcomes in 1,161 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with either Biomatrix or the Gazelle™ BMS (Biosensors Europe SA, Morges, Switzerland). The primary endpoint for this randomized, multicenter study was MACE (cardiac death, TV-MI, and ischemia-driven TVR) at one year and was significantly lower with Biomatrix compared to BMS (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3"><bold>Table 3</bold></xref>). Biomatrix also demonstrated significantly less definite ST compared to BMS at 1 year [<xref rid="r51" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>]. MACE rates at 2 years were significantly lower with Biomatrix than with BMS (5.8% vs 11.9%; <italic>P</italic><0.001) [<xref rid="r52" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>Nobori and Ultimaster™ Stents</title><sec><title>Nobori Stent</title><p>The Nobori stent (Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) is a biolimus A9-eluting stent made of 316L stainless steel with a strut thickness of 120 μm. The stent is coated only on the abluminal surface with a 20 μm thick bioabsorbable PLA polymer layer that fully dissolves in 6–9 months (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). The Nobori biolimus-eluting stent (Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) has been tested extensively (summarized in Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">4</xref>).</p><p>Ostojic <italic>et al.</italic> performed the first feasibility study (Nobori Core) comparing Nobori to a SES (Cypher) in 107 patients. The study showed lower MACE in the Nobori group at 12 months [<xref rid="r53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>]. In the NOBORI 1 trial (phases 1 and 2), Nobori was compared to a paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES; TAXUS™ Express and TAXUS Liberté™, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) and was noninferior to PES for the primary endpoint of 9-month in-stent late loss [<xref rid="r54" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>]. Five-year follow-up data revealed no differences between the Nobori stent and PES for the death/MI or TLF (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">4</xref>) [<xref rid="r55" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>]. However, ischemia-driven and non-ischemia-driven TLR were lower in the Nobori group compared to PES. The rates of ST (ARC definite and probable) were also lower in the Nobori group (Nobori 0.0% vs PES 3.2%, <italic>P</italic>=0.014) [<xref rid="r55" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>].</p><p>Additional randomized studies with Nobori have demonstrated favorable outcomes in patients with <italic>de novo</italic> lesions (NOBORI Japan [<xref rid="r56" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>], NEXT [<xref rid="r57" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>]), acute or stable angina (COMPARE II [<xref rid="r58" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>] and BASKET-PROVE II [<xref rid="r59" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>]), an all-comer patient population (SORT OUT V [<xref rid="r60" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>]), patients with graft lesions (NEXT [<xref rid="r57" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>]) and in patients with long lesions (LONG-DES V [<xref rid="r61" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>]) (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">4</xref>).</p><p>A meta-analysis of randomized trials which evaluated the Nobori stent was performed and demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety of the Nobori stent to other tested DES [<xref rid="r62" ref-type="bibr">62</xref>]. A total of 9,114 patients randomized to receive the Nobori BP-DES (n=5,080) were compared to control DES [n=4,034: everolimus-eluting stents [EES] n=2,533; SES</p><p>n=1,376; PES n=125]. During follow-up (median 11 months), the risk of TVR was similar for Nobori compared to control DES (odds ratio=0.91 [0.57, 1.46], <italic>P</italic>=0.71). There was heterogeneity in the risk estimation of TLR due to the significantly lower risk of TLR with Nobori versus PES (0.32 [0.10, 0.98], <italic>P</italic>=0.046; <italic>P</italic><sub>interaction</sub>=0.009) but with no reduction in the risk of TLR with EES or SES (3.2% versus 3.0%; 1.12 [0.74–1.69], <italic>P</italic>=0.59). Overall definite/probable ST (1.40 [0.66, 2.97], <italic>P</italic>=0.39), cardiac death/MI/TVR (1.05 [0.88, 1.25], <italic>P</italic>=0.59), MI (1.13 [0.87, 1.48], <italic>P</italic>=0.37) and death (1.09 [0.81, 1.48], <italic>P</italic>=0.56) were similar in Nobori and the group of control DES patients (and no heterogeneity in outcomes was observed) [<xref rid="r62" ref-type="bibr">62</xref>].</p><p>‘Real-world’ experience in the Nobori 2 [N=3,067 [<xref rid="r63" ref-type="bibr">63</xref>]] and INSPIRE 1 [Italian Nobori Stent Prospective Registry-1; N=1,066 [<xref rid="r64" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>]] registries have demonstrated low rates of TLF (3.9% and 4.0%, respectively). Patients with complex lesions had higher TLF rates (5.2% for complex lesions, 2.5% for non-complex lesions; <italic>P</italic>=0.032) [<xref rid="r64" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>].</p></sec></sec><sec><title>Ultimaster Stent</title><p>The Ultimaster stent, the next generation BP-DES from Terumo, is an 80 µm cobalt chromium stent eluting sirolimus and coated with a 15 μm thick poly (DL-lactide-co-caprolactone) on the abluminal surface (without coating on hinges) (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). Both drug release and polymer degradation occur within 3-4 months.</p><p>The Ultimaster stent has been tested in the small, single-arm CENTURY I (n=105) and the larger, randomized CENTURY II studies. The primary endpoint of the CENTURY I study, angiographic late loss at 6 months, was 0.04±0.35 mm and was significantly lower than late loss in the control arm (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">4</xref>) [<xref rid="r65" ref-type="bibr">65</xref>]. Through 4 years of follow-up, the rate of TLF was 6.7% and ARC definite/probable ST was 0.9% [<xref rid="r66" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>]. CENTURY II was a larger-scale, prospective, multicenter, randomized noninferiority trial comparing Ultimaster (N=551) to the XIENCE™ everolimus-eluting permanent polymer stent (EES; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, USA; n=550) [<xref rid="r67" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>]. The primary endpoint, freedom from TLF at 9 months, was 95.6% with Ultimaster compared to 95.1% with EES (<italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.0001). At 2 years, TLF occurred in 6.5% of Ultimaster patients and 6.6% of EES patients. Other clinical event rates were similar between arms including ARC definite/probable ST (1.1% in each arm) at 2 years [<xref rid="r67" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>]. Additional studies of the Ultimaster Stent are in progress.</p></sec><sec><title>Orsiro™ Stent</title><p>The Orsiro (Biotronik, Bülach, Switzerland) Sirolimus-eluting stent is made of ultra-thin (60μm) cobalt-chromium L605 struts covered with an 7.5 μm thick amorphous silicon carbide layer. Sirolimus is released from a biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) polymer, which completely degrades during a period of 12 to 24 months. Preclinical studies have shown similar suppression of neointimal proliferation for Orsiro as compared to the Cypher SES and low inflammatory scores compared to BMS [<xref rid="r68" ref-type="bibr">68</xref>].</p><p>The Orsiro stent was first tested in 30 patients with single <italic>de novo</italic> lesions [<xref rid="r69" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>]. The primary endpoint was 9-month in stent late loss (0.05 ± 0.22 mm). At 1 year, MACE was 10% with no MI or ST [<xref rid="r69" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>]. Following the initial feasibility study, the larger BIOFLOW-II trial compared the Orsiro stent with XIENCE Prime™, a permanent polymer EES [<xref rid="r70" ref-type="bibr">70</xref>]. A total of 452 patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to treatment with Orsiro (n=298) or EES (n=154 patients). Orsiro was noninferior to EES for the primary endpoint of in-stent late lumen loss at 9 months [<xref rid="r70" ref-type="bibr">70</xref>]. TLF was similar at 1 year with no cases of ST in either arm.</p><p>BIOSCIENCE was a large randomized, noninferiority trial with minimal exclusion criteria comparing Orsiro with a permanent polymer EES (XIENCE Prime/Xpedition, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, USA); 19% of enrolled patients had STEMI [<xref rid="r71" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>]. The primary endpoint, 12-month TLF, was a composite of cardiac death, TV-MI, and clinically-indicated TVR. A total of 2,119 patients were randomized to receive either the Orsiro stent (N=1,063 patients) or an EES (N=1,056). Orsiro was found to be noninferior to EES for the primary end point of TLF at 12 months. The rates of definite ST were similar between Orsiro and EES. In the subset of patients with STEMI, Orsiro-treated patients had reduced TLF compared to EES (Orsiro 3.3% vs EES 8.7%; RR=0.38 [0.16, 0,91], <italic>P</italic>=0.02) [<xref rid="r71" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>].</p><p>The BIOFLOW-III registry was designed to evaluate Orsiro in ‘real-world’ patients (N=1,356) [<xref rid="r72" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>]. The primary endpoint, 12-month TLF occurred in 5.1% of patients in the overall population and in 7.7% of patients with diabetes, 5.8% of patients with small vessels, 1.8% of patients with chronic total occlusion, and 7.2% of patients with acute MI [<xref rid="r72" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>].</p><p>The Orsiro stent is currently being tested in more complex patient groups.</p></sec><sec><title>MiStent™</title><p>MiStent (Micell Technologies, Durham, USA) is a thin-strut (64µm) cobalt-chromium stent covered with a bioabsorbable polymer and crystalline sirolimus which controls drug release through 6 months post-implantation without an initial burst (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1"><bold>Table 1</bold></xref>). The polymer is completely absorbed by the tissue within 90 days in an animal model [<xref rid="r73" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>]. This stent was initially evaluated in the DESSOLVE I Trial (DES with Sirolimus and a Bioabsorbable Polymer for the Treatment of Patients with De Novo Lesion in the Native Coronary Arteries; NCT01247428) which included 30 patients [<xref rid="r73" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>]. DESSOLVE I demonstrated low and stable in-stent lumen late loss and complete strut coverage at 18 months [<xref rid="r73" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>]. No ST was observed through 5 years [<xref rid="r74" ref-type="bibr">74</xref>].</p><p>The subsequent, larger DESSOLVE II trial (NCT01294748) compared the efficacy and safety of the MiStent with a first generation Zotarolimus-eluting stent, Endeavor™ (E-ZES; Medtronic, Santa Rosa, USA) [<xref rid="r75" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>]. A total of 184 patients were randomized in a 2:1 fashion with MiStent (n=123) versus E-ZES (n=61). MiStent was superior to E-ZES for the primary endpoint of 9-month in stent late lumen loss (MiStent 0.27±0.46mm vs E-ZES 0.58±0.41mm; <italic>P</italic><0.001). The proportion of uncovered stent struts assessed by OCT was very low and similar in both groups. Mean neointimal thickness (<italic>P</italic>=0.002) and percent net volume obstruction (<italic>P</italic>=0.003) were significantly lower in the MiStent group at 9 months [<xref rid="r75" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>]. Major adverse cardiac events and ST rates were low and comparable between groups through 4 years [<xref rid="r74" ref-type="bibr">74</xref>].</p><p>A pooled analysis of the DESSOLVE I/II and ISAR-TEST-4 studies examined the performance of MiStent in a propensity-matched comparison (n=102 each arm) versus a permanent polymer EES [<xref rid="r76" ref-type="bibr">76</xref>]. In this small <italic>post hoc</italic> analysis, MiStent exhibited lower TLF and TLR through 3 years compared to EES (TLF: MiStent 5.0% vs EES 12.5%, <italic>P</italic>=0.07; TLR: 2.0% vs 8.4%, <italic>P</italic>=0.04) [<xref rid="r76" ref-type="bibr">76</xref>].</p><p>Longer-term follow-up and larger trials in ‘real-world’ patients with MiStent are in progress.</p></sec><sec><title>Elixir DESyne BD™ Stent</title><p>Elixir DESyne BD (Elixir Medical Corporation, Sunnyvale, USA) is an 81 µm thick cobalt-chromium stent eluting novolimus (an active metabolite of sirolimus) from an ultrathin (<3 µm) polylactide-based bioabsorbable polymer which degrades within 6-9 months (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>).</p><p>This stent was first tested in the Excella BD trial (NCT0200956) which compared the Elixir DESyne BD Stent to the Endeavor ZES (E-ZES). A total of 146 patients were randomized in a 3:1 fashion. The study met the primary endpoint (angiographic in-stent late lumen loss at 6 months) demonstrating both noninferiority and superiority of Elixir DESyne BD as compared to E-ZES (Elixir DESyne BD 0.12±0.15 mm vs E-ZES 0.67±0.47 mm; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.001). Additionally, in-stent binary restenosis was significantly lower with Elixir DESyne BD compared to E-ZES (0% vs 7.9%; <italic>P</italic>=0.003). At 3 years, the device-oriented composite endpoint (DoCE: cardiac death, TV-MI, and clinically-indicated TLR) was similar in the Elixir DESyne BD and control groups [<xref rid="r77" ref-type="bibr">77</xref>].</p><p>This initial study was followed by the small EXCELLA II study randomizing Elixir DESyne to E-ZES in a 2:1 fashion (NCT00792753) [<xref rid="r78" ref-type="bibr">78</xref>]. The primary endpoint was in stent late lumen loss at 9 months and Elixir DESyne was superior to E-ZES (Elixir DESyne 0.11 ± 0.32 mm vs E-ZES 0.63 ± 0.42 mm, <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.0001 and <italic>P</italic><sub>superiority</sub><0.0001)(78). Neither DoCE nor its individual components were significantly different between the bioabsorbable and permanent polymer coated stents. The rate of DoCE at 5 years was significantly lower in the Elixir DESyne cohort compared to E-ZES (HR 0.38 [0.17, 0.83], <italic>P</italic>=0.01) [<xref rid="r79" ref-type="bibr">79</xref>]. No differences between groups were found for cardiac death (2.9% vs 4.2%, <italic>P</italic>=0.69), TV-MI (2.9% vs 7.0%, <italic>P</italic>=0.17), or ST (5.0% vs 7.0%, <italic>P</italic>=0.54). Revascularization was significantly reduced with Elixir DESyne BD compared to E-ZES at 5 years (18.7% vs 32.4%, <italic>P</italic>=0.04) [<xref rid="r78" ref-type="bibr">78</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>TIVOLI™ Stent</title><p>TIVOLI (Essen Technology Beijing Co. Ltd., Beijing, China) is a bioabsorbable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent with a strut thickness of 80 µm (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1"><bold>Table 1</bold></xref>).</p><p>Xu and colleagues evaluated Tivoli in a 324 patient RCT (TIVOLI n=168 vs E-ZES n=156) [<xref rid="r80" ref-type="bibr">80</xref>]. The primary endpoint, in-stent late lumen loss at 8 months, was superior in Tivoli compared to E-ZES (TIVOLI 0.25 ±0.33 mm vs E-ZES 0.57 ±0.55 mm; <italic>P</italic><0.0001). The 8-month rate of in-stent binary restenosis was also significantly reduced with TIVOLI (2.9% vs 8.6%; <italic>P</italic>=0.02). At 2 years, TLR was significantly reduced in patients receiving the TIVOLI stent compared to E-ZES (4.2% vs 9.6%; <italic>P</italic>=0.0495) with no significant difference in MACE (cardiac death, MI or TVR) rates between groups (6.6% vs 10.9%; <italic>P</italic>=0.16) [<xref rid="r80" ref-type="bibr">80</xref>].</p><p>The TIVOLI stent has also been evaluated in the I-LOVE-IT 2 trial; a prospective, multicenter, noninferiority study based in China (NCT01681381) which included 2,737 patients randomized 2:1 to TIVOLI (n=1,829) compared to the Firebird stent, a durable polymer SES (MicroPort, Shanghai, China; n=908) at 32 centers [<xref rid="r81" ref-type="bibr">81</xref>]. The primary endpoint, 12-month TLF, occurred in 6.3% of Tivoli patients vs 6.1% of SES patients (<italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub>=0.0002). The individual components of TLF were not significantly different between groups including cardiac death (0.7% vs 0.6%, <italic>P</italic>=0.62), TV-MI (3.6% vs 4.3%, <italic>P</italic>=0.39), and TLR (2.6% vs 2.2%, <italic>P</italic>=0.50). The rates of ST were also similar between cohorts (0.4% vs 0.6%, <italic>P</italic>=0.55).</p></sec><sec><title>EXCEL™ Stent</title><p>The EXCEL Stent (JW Medical System Ltd., WeiHai, Shangdong, China) is a sirolimus-eluting stent coated with a bioabsorbable polylactic acid polymer. The stent platform is a laser cut, 316L stainless steel with a strut thickness of 119 µm (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1"><bold>Table 1</bold></xref>). The 10-15 μm thick coating is absorbed completely in 6–9 months in animal models.</p><p>The RESOLVE study (NCT00713557) demonstrated noninferiority of the EXCEL stent to its comparator Firebird or Firebird II, a durable polymer coated SES (Microport Co Ltd., Shanghai, China) for the primary endpoint of MACE (all death, MI, TLR at 1 year) in STEMI patients (82). A total of 1,192 STEMI patients were randomized 1:1 to receive the EXCEL stent (n=596) or the SES (n=596). MACE at 1-year was 12.4% in the EXCEL group as compared to 13.3% in the control group (<italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub>=0.001). Late ST (occurring >30 days) was lower in EXCEL-treated patients versus SES (0.7% vs 2.2%, <italic>P</italic>=0.03) [<xref rid="r82" ref-type="bibr">82</xref>].</p><p>The ‘real-world’ CREATE registry (NCT00331578) enrolled 2,077 patients treated with the EXCEL stent [<xref rid="r83" ref-type="bibr">83</xref>]. At 5 years, clinical outcomes were low: cardiac death 3.0%, non-fatal MI 1.5%, TLR 3.7%, and overall MACE 7.4%. The 5-year rates of definite/probable ST at and definite ST from 1 to 5 years were 1.1% and 0.3%, respectively. Patients with or without clopidogrel treatment after six months had similar clinical outcomes in a landmark analysis of a propensity score-matched cohort [<xref rid="r83" ref-type="bibr">83</xref>].</p><p>Additionally, the EXCEL stent was found to be superior to the polymer-free sirolimus-eluting (PF) and probucol-eluting stents (Real Dual drug-eluting stents; Dual DES) in the DKPLUS-Wave 1 randomized trial [<xref rid="r84" ref-type="bibr">84</xref>]. A total of 1,346 patients with <italic>de novo</italic> CAD were randomized to either the EXCEL or Dual DES. The rate of the primary endpoint, TVR at 12 months, was 3.5% in the EXCEL group and 13.9% in the Dual DES group (<italic>P</italic>=0.001). ST at 12 months was 0% in the Dual DES group and 1.2% in the EXCEL group (EXCEL vs Dual DES, <italic>P</italic>=0.50) [<xref rid="r84" ref-type="bibr">84</xref>].</p><p>The next generation of the EXCEL stent, EXCEL II, is a thinner strut (88 µm) cobalt chromium PLA-coated sirolimus-eluting stent was tested in the first-human-use CREDIT-I study [<xref rid="r85" ref-type="bibr">85</xref>]. A total of 45 patients were enrolled and evaluated up to 12 months post implantation. No MACE events (cardiac death, MI or TLR) occurred within the year [<xref rid="r85" ref-type="bibr">85</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>Inspiron™ Stent</title><p>The Inspiron sirolimus-eluting stent (Scitech Medical, Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil) consists of a L-605 cobalt-chromium alloy platform with a 75 µm strut thickness and a Xμm thick abluminal, bioabsorbable coating which dissolves within 30 days (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1"><bold>Table 1</bold></xref>) [<xref rid="r86" ref-type="bibr">86</xref>]. The INSPIRON-I trial (NCT01093391) compared the Inspiron Stent with a BMS in 57 patients, randomized in a 2:1 fashion. The primary endpoint was in-segment late loss at 6 months and was reduced in the Inspiron group compared to BMS (0.19 ± 0.16 mm vs. 0.58 ± 0.4 mm, respectively; <italic>P</italic><0.001) [<xref rid="r87" ref-type="bibr">87</xref>]. After 4 years, MACE was lower with Inspiron (7.9% vs. 23.5%, <italic>P</italic>=0.11), the rates of death and MI were similar between groups but the rate of TLR was lower with the Inspiron Stent as compared to BMS (0.0% vs. 23.5% respectively, <italic>P</italic>=0.02) [<xref rid="r86" ref-type="bibr">86</xref>].</p><p>The DESTINY trial (NCT01856088) is a prospective, multicenter, randomized study comparing Inspiron with Biomatrix Flex [<xref rid="r88" ref-type="bibr">88</xref>]. A total of 170 patients with 1 or 2 <italic>de novo</italic> lesions were randomized in a 2:1 fashion (Inspiron Stent:Biomatrix Stent). The Inspiron Stent demonstrated noninferiority with regards to in stent late loss at 9 months compared to the Biomatrix Stent (Inspiron 0.20 ± 0.29 mm vs Biomatrix 0.15 ± 0.20 mm; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub> <0.001). At one year, the rates of death (0.9% vs 0.0%), MI (4.4% vs 7.4%), and TVR (2.7% vs 3.7%) were low and similar between groups [<xref rid="r88" ref-type="bibr">88</xref>]. An additional all-comers single-arm registry (Inspiron Registry) enrolled 470 patients who exhibited a 300 day MACE rate of 8.1%, TLR of 5.4%, and ST of 0.4% with no cases after 30 days [<xref rid="r89" ref-type="bibr">89</xref>]. Long-term follow-up of the DESTINY trial and enrollment in a ‘real-world’ registry are in progress.</p></sec><sec><title>FIREHAWK™ Stent</title><p>The FIREHAWK stent (Microport Medical, Shanghai, China) is an 86 µm thick, cobalt chromium, biodegradable polylactic acid polymer coated DES releasing sirolimus. Drug and polymer are poured into abluminal grooves located on the outer surface of the struts (average rapamycin dosage 3 µg/mm stent) [<xref rid="r90" ref-type="bibr">90</xref>]. FIREHAWK was first tested in the 21 patient FIREHAWK trial. The primary endpoint was MACE at 30 days (cardiac death, MI, TLR); there were no MACE or ST events through 13 months of follow-up.</p><p>The Target I trial compared FIREHAWK to a permanent polymer EES (XIENCE V) [<xref rid="r91" ref-type="bibr">91</xref>]. A total of 458 patients were randomized. Nine-month in-stent late lumen loss, the primary endpoint, was found to be noninferior in FIREHAWK stents compared to EES (0.13 ± 0.24 mm vs 0.13 ± 0.18 mm, <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.0001). At 12 months, cardiac death (0.4% vs 0.0%), TV-MI (1.3% vs 1.7%), TLR (0.4% vs 0.4%), and TLF (2.2% vs 2.2%) were similar between groups; no ST were reported in either arm [<xref rid="r91" ref-type="bibr">91</xref>]. Three-year in-stent late lumen loss and vascular healing (as assessed by OCT) were similar between groups [<xref rid="r92" ref-type="bibr">92</xref>]. The long lesion subgroup of TARGET I enrolled an additional 50 patients receiving either a 33 or 38 mm stent. The primary endpoint, 9-month in stent late loss was 0.16 ± 0.16 mm with no death or ST within a year and 2 patients experiencing a MI [<xref rid="r93" ref-type="bibr">93</xref>]. Similar results were found in the Target II trial which was a prospective single-arm registry enrolling 730 patients. At one year, TLF was 4.4% and only 1 definite/probable ST was observed I Firehawk-treated patients [<xref rid="r94" ref-type="bibr">94</xref>]. Long-term follow-up of the Target II registry is in progress.</p><p>Combining the TARGET I and II trials, Gao <italic>et al</italic> evaluated 12-month TLF compared to a performance goal [<xref rid="r95" ref-type="bibr">95</xref>]. A total of 1,007 patients were included in this analysis and TLF at 1 year was 3.9% which was significantly lower than the prespecified performance goal of 9.0%. At 2 years, TLF was 4.6% which was composed of cardiac death 0.8%, TV-MI 2.9%, and clinically-indicated TLR 1.2% and definite/probable ST rate 0.1% [<xref rid="r95" ref-type="bibr">95</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>Yukon Choice PC™ Stent</title><p>The Yukon Choice PC stent scaffold (Translumina GmbH, Hechingen, Germany) consists of a microporous stainless steel stent surface abluminally coated with sirolimus and a PLA biodegradable polymer. Mehilli <italic>et al.</italic> first compared this sirolimus-eluting BP-DES with a polymer-free (PF) stents and a permanent polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (SES; Cypher) in the ISAR-TEST 3 study (NCT00350454) [<xref rid="r96" ref-type="bibr">96</xref>]. More than 600 patients were randomized to BP-SES (n=202), SES (n=202), and PF (n=201). The primary endpoint was mean late lumen loss at 6 to 8-months and was 0.17±0.45mm in the Yukon Choice PC stent group, 0.23±0.46mm with SES, and 0.47±0.56mm in PF stent-treated patients. As such, Yukon Choice PC met the noninferiority criteria compared to SES (<italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.001); however, the PF stent did not (<italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.94)(96). At 1 year, death occurred in 2.0% of patients in each group and ST occurred in 1.0%, 2.0%, and 1.5% of Yukon Choice PC, SES, and PF patients, respectively [<xref rid="r96" ref-type="bibr">96</xref>].</p><p>The Yukon Choice PC stent (N=1,299) was then evaluated against a permanent polymer EES (XIENCE V; n=652) or SES (Cypher; n=652) in ISAR-TEST-4 (Intracoronary Stenting and Angiographic Results: Test Efficacy of 3 Limus-Eluting Stents; NCT00598676) a prospective, randomized, open-label trial [<xref rid="r97" ref-type="bibr">97</xref>]. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiac death, TV-MI, and TLR; the Yukon Choice PC Stent was noninferior to the combined permanent polymer DES group for the primary endpoint at 12 months (BP-DES 13.8 vs DES 14.4%; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub>=0.005) [<xref rid="r97" ref-type="bibr">97</xref>]. Cardiac death, TV-MI, TLR, and ST were similar in both groups at 12 months [<xref rid="r97" ref-type="bibr">97</xref>]. Between 6 and 8 months, angiographic outcomes were similar (in-stent late lumen loss BP-DES 0.24±0.6mm vs DES 0.26±0.5mm, <italic>P</italic>=0.49; in-segment binary restenosis (11.6% vs 11.8%, <italic>P</italic>=0.85) [<xref rid="r98" ref-type="bibr">98</xref>]. Three-year outcomes were not significantly different between the BP-DES and permanent polymer DES with regard to the primary endpoint (BP-DES 20.1% vs 20.9% DES, <italic>P</italic>=0.59). Rates of definite/probable ST were also similar in both groups at 3 years (1.2% vs 1.7%, <italic>P</italic>=0.32) [<xref rid="r99" ref-type="bibr">99</xref>]. While not statistically significant, the SES group displayed numerically higher rates of device-related adverse events as compared to the Yukon Choice PC arm or the EES arm at 5 years [<xref rid="r100" ref-type="bibr">100</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>BuMA™</title><p>The BuMA stent (SINOMED, Beijing, China) is a stainless steel 100 µm thick stent coated conformally with 2 layers: an electro-grafting base layer (poly [n-butyl methacrylate] coating) and a biodegradable PLGA drug carrier [<xref rid="r101" ref-type="bibr">101</xref>]. The BuMA stent was compared to the EXCEL stent in the randomized (1:1) 80 patient single-center BuMA OCT noninferiority RCT study (NCT01752582) [<xref rid="r101" ref-type="bibr">101</xref>]. The primary endpoint was OCT-evaluated stent strut coverage at 3 months. Compared to the EXCEL stent, stent strut coverage was higher in the BuMA arm compared to EXCEL (94.2% vs 90%, <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.0001). The proportion of malapposed struts and neointimal thickness were similar between stents. At 3 months, there were no cardiac deaths or STs but TV-MI was 7.5% in each group [<xref rid="r101" ref-type="bibr">101</xref>].</p><p>The BuMA and EXCEL stents were then compared in the larger, all-comers multicenter PANDA III trial (NCT02017275) [<xref rid="r102" ref-type="bibr">102</xref>]. A total of 2,348 patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1, n=1,174 in each arm); the primary endpoint of 1 year TLF (cardiac death, TV-MI, ID-TLR) with BuMA was noninferior to the EXCEL stent (6.4% in each group, <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub>=0.0003). The individual components of TLF were similar between arms. The rate of 1-year definite/probable ST was significantly reduced in the BuMA arm (0.5% vs 1.3%, <italic>P</italic>=0.048); this difference may be influenced by the difference in polymer degradation time (EXCEL 9 months vs BuMA 3 months, Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>).</p><p>The second generation BuMA stent, BuMA Supreme, is currently being tested in the PIONEER global clinical program including the PIONEER, PIONEER II, and PIONEER US-Japan studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Svelte™</title><p>The Svelte stent (Svelte Medical Systems, New Providence, USA) is integrated with its delivery system and is made of an 81 µm cobalt chromium platform and coated with a 6 μm thick bioabsorbable amino acid drug carrier which elutes sirolimus [<xref rid="r103" ref-type="bibr">103</xref>]. The Svelte stent was designed to facilitate direct stenting using a transradial approach. The Svelte stent was first tested in the Direct study, a single-arm multicenter study with a primary angiographic endpoint of 6-month in stent late lumen loss and an efficacy endpoint of 6-month TVF (cardiac death, TV-MI, clinically-indicated TVR). At 6 months, in stent late lumen loss was 0.22 ± 0.27 mm; TVF (non-TLR TVR) occurred in 2 patients [<xref rid="r103" ref-type="bibr">103</xref>]. The SPEED registry assessed experienced compared to inexperienced operators and showed that experience demonstrably improved in device success [<xref rid="r104" ref-type="bibr">104</xref>].</p><p>Direct II was a small randomized study comparing Svelte (n=108) to Resolute Integrity (R-ZES; n=51) [<xref rid="r105" ref-type="bibr">105</xref>]. The primary endpoint of in stent late lumen loss at 6 months in the Svelte stent was noninferior to R-ZES (0.09 ± 0.31 mm vs 0.13 ± 0.27 mm, <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub>=0.001) (105). TVF at 1 year was 6.5% vs 9.8% (<italic>P</italic>=0.52) [<xref rid="r105" ref-type="bibr">105</xref>].</p><p>The Svelte stent is currently being tested in the OPTIMIZE pivotal randomized clinical trial (compared to currently available DES).</p></sec><sec><title>BioMime™</title><p>The BioMime stent (Meril Life Science, Vapi, India) is an 65 µm thick cobalt-chromium stent eluting sirolimus from an ultrathin (2 µm) Poly L Lactide/ Polylactic co-glycolic acid -based bioabsorbable polymer of which three-quarters degrades within 2 months (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>).</p><p>This stent was evaluated in the first-human-use meriT-1 study (NCT01507519) which included 30 patients [<xref rid="r106" ref-type="bibr">106</xref>]. The study demonstrated median 8-month in-stent late lumen loss was 0.15 mm [0.09, 0.33]. At 12 months, no cardiac deaths, MI, TLR, or ST [<xref rid="r106" ref-type="bibr">106</xref>].</p><p>Currently, the BioMime stent is being tested in the single-arm MeriT-II (NCT02406326) study, the larger randomized meriT-V trial (compared to an everolimus-eluting permanent polymer DES; NCT02112981) and an all-comers registry (NCT02398955).</p></sec></sec><sec><title>META-ANALYSES</title><p>There have been multiple meta-analyses comparing BP-DES to permanent polymer-coated DES. The most comprehensive meta-analysis performed by Lupi <italic>et al</italic> included 20 studies and 20,005 patients [<xref rid="r107" ref-type="bibr">107</xref>]. The durable polymer DES control groups included both the first- and second-generation DES. Median clinical follow-up of the included studies was 1 year, with 7,142 coronary lesions having angiographic follow-up at 6-9 months. Compared with the DES group, the BP-DES treated patients had significantly lower in-stent and in-segment late loss (<italic>P</italic><0.001). BP-DES nearly halved the rate of late ST rate in comparison to DES. When the comparators were grouped into first- and second-generation DES, late ST occurred less often with BP-DES compared to</p><p>first-generation DES (OR 0.43 [0.24, 0.79], <italic>P</italic>=0.006); whereas the risk of late ST was similar between BP-DES and second-generation DES (0.95 [0.30, 3.02], <italic>P</italic>=0.93). There were no significant differences between BP-DES and either first- or second-generation DES for overall death, MI, or acute/subacute ST. Other meta-analyses have found similar results [<xref rid="r62" ref-type="bibr">62</xref>, <xref rid="r107" ref-type="bibr">107</xref>-<xref rid="r112" ref-type="bibr">112</xref>]; three meta-analyses have shown significant benefits for BP-DES in terms of late, and especially very late, ST. In all of these meta-analyses, newer BP-DES (SYNERGY, Ultimaster, Tivoli, Svelte) were not included.</p><p>Newer BP-DES with thinner struts and reduced polymer load have the potential to show even greater benefits with regards to clinical outcomes including late and very late ST [<xref rid="r107" ref-type="bibr">107</xref>]. This is supported by recent ‘real-world’ experience in the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) where SYNERGY reported the lowest rate of definite ST compared to all other DES analyzed [<xref rid="r113" ref-type="bibr">113</xref>].</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>Abluminal, BP-DES appear noninferior to the first- and second-generation permanent polymer-coated DES. Studies with long-term follow up suggest that there may be less ST for BP-DES as compared to permanent polymer DES. Additional trials and longer follow-up is needed to fully elucidate the respective clinical indications of these devices in comparison to their permanent polymer counterparts. The ability to safely reduce or interrupt DAPT with BP-DES may reduce bleeding risk and cost if confirmed in adequately powered clinical studies.</p></sec></body><back><ack><title>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</title><p>Declared none.</p></ack><glossary><title>ABBREVIATIONS</title><def-list><def-item><term>ACS</term><def><p>Acute coronary syndrome</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>BMS</term><def><p>Bare metal stents</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>BP</term><def><p>Bioabsorbable polymer</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>BP-DES</term><def><p>Bioabsorbable polymer drug-eluting stents</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>CAD</term><def><p>Coronary artery disease</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>DES</term><def><p>Drug-eluting stents</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>EES</term><def><p>Everolimus-eluting stent</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>MI</term><def><p>Myocardial infarction</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>PCI</term><def><p>Percutaneous coronary intervention</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>PES</term><def><p>Paclitaxel-eluting stent</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>PF</term><def><p>Polymer free</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>SES</term><def><p>Sirolimus-eluting stent</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>STEMI</term><def><p>Stent thrombosis elevation myocardial
infarction</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>TLF</term><def><p>Target lesion failure</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>TLR</term><def><p>Target lesion revascularization</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>TVF</term><def><p>Target vessel failure</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>TVR</term><def><p>Target vessel revascularization</p></def></def-item></def-list></glossary><sec><title>CONFLICT OF INTEREST</title><p>Dawkins K, Huibregtse B, Hou D, & Roy K are full-time employees of Boston Scientific.</p></sec><ref-list><title>REFERENCES</title><ref id="r1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Serruys</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>de Jaegere</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kiemeneij</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. Benestent Study Group.</article-title><source>N. Engl. J. Med.</source><year>1994</year><volume>331</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>489</fpage><lpage>495</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8041413</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Goldstein</surname><given-names>L.B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bushnell</surname><given-names>C.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Adams</surname><given-names>R.J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.</article-title><source>Stroke</source><year>2011</year><volume>42</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>517</fpage><lpage>584</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21127304</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Indolfi</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>De Rosa</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Colombo</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds — basic concepts and clinical outcome.</article-title><source>Nat. Rev. Cardiol.</source><year>2016</year><volume>13</volume><fpage>719</fpage><lpage>729</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27681575</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ramcharitar</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vaina</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Serruys</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The next generation of drug-eluting stents: what’s on the horizon?</article-title><source>Am J Cardiovasc Drugs Drugs Devices Interv</source><year>2007</year><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>93</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Busch</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Strohbach</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Peterson</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sternberg</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Felix</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Parameters of endothelial function are dependent on polymeric surface material.</article-title><source>Biomed. Tech. (Berl.)</source><year>2013</year><comment>[Epub ahead of print].</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="r6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Busch</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Strohbach</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rethfeldt</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>New stent surface materials: The impact of polymer-dependent interactions of human endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets.</article-title><source>Acta Biomater.</source><year>2014</year><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>688</fpage><lpage>700</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24148751</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nakazawa</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakano</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Otsuka</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Evaluation of polymer-based comparator drug-eluting stents using a rabbit model of iliac artery atherosclerosis.</article-title><source>Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2011</year><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21205943</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hiranuma</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shinke</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakazawa</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Optical coherence tomography and histopathology assessment after implantation of first- and second-generation drug-eluting stents in a porcine coronary model.</article-title><source>Circ. J.</source><year>2014</year><volume>78</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>2665</fpage><lpage>2673</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25262962</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yeh</surname><given-names>J.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>S.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hsueh</surname><given-names>C.M.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Frequency of Vascular Inflammation and Impact on Neointimal Proliferation of Drug Eluting Stents in Porcine Coronary Arteries.</article-title><source>Acta Cardiol Sin</source><year>2016</year><volume>32</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>570</fpage><lpage>577</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27713606</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Drachman</surname><given-names>D.E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Edelman</surname><given-names>E.R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Seifert</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Neointimal thickening after stent delivery of paclitaxel: Change in composition and arrest of growth over six months.</article-title><source>J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</source><year>2000</year><volume>36</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>2325</fpage><lpage>2332</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11127480</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Finn</surname><given-names>A.V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakazawa</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Joner</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Vascular responses to drug eluting stents: importance of delayed healing.</article-title><source>Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.</source><year>2007</year><volume>27</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>1500</fpage><lpage>1510</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17510464</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r12"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Virmani</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guagliumi</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Farb</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Localized hypersensitivity and late coronary thrombosis secondary to a sirolimus-eluting stent: should we be cautious?</article-title><source>Circulation</source><year>2004</year><volume>109</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>701</fpage><lpage>705</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14744976</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r13"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Joner</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Finn</surname><given-names>A.V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Farb</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Pathology of Drug-Eluting Stents in Humans: Delayed Healing and Late Thrombotic Risk.</article-title><source>J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</source><year>2006</year><volume>48</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>193</fpage><lpage>202</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16814667</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r14"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>S-Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>D-H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mintz</surname><given-names>G.S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Optical coherence tomography-based evaluation of in-stent neoatherosclerosis in lesions with more than 50% neointimal cross-sectional area stenosis.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2013</year><volume>9</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>945</fpage><lpage>951</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24384291</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r15"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Won</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>J-S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>D-H.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Relationship between endothelial vasomotor function and strut coverage after implantation of drug-eluting stent assessed by optical coherence tomography.</article-title><source>Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging</source><year>2014</year><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>263</fpage><lpage>270</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24221904</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r16"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Otsuka</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vorpahl</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakano</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Pathology of second-generation everolimus-eluting stents versus first-generation sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents in humans clinical perspective.</article-title><source>Circulation</source><year>2014</year><volume>129</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>211</fpage><lpage>223</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24163064</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r17"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Byrne</surname><given-names>R.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Joner</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kastrati</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Polymer coatings and delayed arterial healing following drug-eluting stent implantation.</article-title><source>Minerva Cardioangiol.</source><year>2009</year><volume>57</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>567</fpage><lpage>584</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19838148</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r18"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Finn</surname><given-names>A.V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakazawa</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Joner</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Vascular responses to drug eluting stents: Importance of delayed healing.</article-title><source>Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.</source><year>2007</year><volume>27</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>1500</fpage><lpage>1510</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17510464</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r19"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>J.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hou</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pendyala</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Goudevenos</surname><given-names>J.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kounis</surname><given-names>N.G.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Drug-eluting stent thrombosis: the Kounis hypersensitivity-associated acute coronary syndrome revisited.</article-title><source>JACC Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2009</year><volume>2</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>583</fpage><lpage>593</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19628178</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r20"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mauri</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kereiakes</surname><given-names>D.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yeh</surname><given-names>R.W.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents.</article-title><source>N. Engl. J. Med.</source><year>2014</year><volume>371</volume><issue>23</issue><fpage>2155</fpage><lpage>2166</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25399658</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r21"><label>21</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Investigation of long-term implantation of BuMA stent in a porcine coronary model.</article-title><source>Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)</source><year>2012</year><volume>125</volume><issue>22</issue><fpage>4083</fpage><lpage>4087</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23158147</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r22"><label>22</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hagiwara</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hiraishi</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Terao</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Vascular responses to a biodegradable polymer (polylactic acid) based biolimus A9-eluting stent in porcine models.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2012</year><volume>8</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>743</fpage><lpage>751</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23086793</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r23"><label>23</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Takimura</surname><given-names>C.K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Campos</surname><given-names>C.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Melo</surname><given-names>P.H.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Preclinical Study of a Biodegradable Polymer-based Stent with Abluminal Sirolimus Release.</article-title><source>Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</source><year>2014</year><volume>102</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>432</fpage><lpage>440</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24759951</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r24"><label>24</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>G.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Marks</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Berg</surname><given-names>K.J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>The SYNERGY biodegradable polymer everolimus eluting coronary stent: Porcine vascular compatibility and polymer safety study.</article-title><source>Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2015</year><volume>86</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>E247</fpage><lpage>E257</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26009986</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r25"><label>25</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Koppara</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Joner</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bayer</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Steigerwald</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Diener</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wittchow</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Histopathological comparison of biodegradable polymer and permanent polymer based sirolimus eluting stents in a porcine model of coronary stent implantation.</article-title><source>Thromb. Haemost.</source><year>2012</year><volume>107</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1161</fpage><lpage>1171</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22535188</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r26"><label>26</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pendyala</surname><given-names>L.K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Matsumoto</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shinke</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Nobori stent shows less vascular inflammation and early recovery of endothelial function compared with Cypher stent.</article-title><source>JACC Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2012</year><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>436</fpage><lpage>444</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22516402</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r27"><label>27</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nakazawa</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Torii</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ijichi</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Comparison of vascular responses following new‐generation biodegradable and durable polymer‐based drug‐eluting stent implantation in an atherosclerotic rabbit iliac artery model.</article-title><source>J. Am. Heart Assoc.</source><year>2016</year><volume>5</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>e003803</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27792651</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r28"><label>28</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gutiérrez-Chico</surname><given-names>J.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jüni</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>García-García</surname><given-names>H.M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Long-term tissue coverage of a biodegradable polylactide polymer-coated biolimus-eluting stent: comparative sequential assessment with optical coherence tomography until complete resorption of the polymer.</article-title><source>Am. Heart J.</source><year>2011</year><volume>162</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>922</fpage><lpage>931</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22093210</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r29"><label>29</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barlis</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Regar</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Serruys</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>An optical coherence tomography study of a biodegradable vs. durable polymer-coated limus-eluting stent: a LEADERS trial sub-study.</article-title><source>Eur. Heart J.</source><year>2010</year><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19889649</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r30"><label>30</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Karjalainen</surname><given-names>P.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Varho</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nammas</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Early neointimal coverage and vasodilator response following biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting vs. durable polymer zotarolimus-eluting stents in patients with acute coronary syndrome –HATTRICK-OCT trial.</article-title><source>Circ J Off J Jpn Circ Soc</source><year>2015</year><volume>79</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>360</fpage><lpage>367</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r31"><label>31</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Davlouros</surname><given-names>P.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mavronasiou</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xanthopoulou</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>An optical coherence tomography study of two new generation stents with biodegradable polymer carrier, eluting paclitaxel vs. biolimus-A9.</article-title><source>Int. J. Cardiol.</source><year>2012</year><volume>157</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>341</fpage><lpage>346</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21220173</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r32"><label>32</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guagliumi</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sirbu</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Musumeci</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Strut coverage and vessel wall response to a new-generation paclitaxel-eluting stent with an ultrathin biodegradable abluminal polymer: Optical Coherence Tomography Drug-Eluting Stent Investigation (OCTDESI).</article-title><source>Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2010</year><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>367</fpage><lpage>375</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20647562</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r33"><label>33</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kubo</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Akasaka</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kozuma</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Vascular Response to Drug-Eluting Stent With Biodegradable vs. Durable Polymer.</article-title><source>Circ. J.</source><year>2014</year><volume>78</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>2408</fpage><lpage>2414</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25099476</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r34"><label>34</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>de la Torre Hernández</surname><given-names>J.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tejedor</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Camarero</surname><given-names>T.G.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Early healing assessment with optical coherence tomography of everolimus-eluting stents with bioabsorbable polymer (SYNERGY) at 3 and 6 months after implantation.</article-title><source>Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2016</year><volume>88</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>E67</fpage><lpage>E73</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26526783</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r35"><label>35</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kuramitsu</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sonoda</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yokoi</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Long-term coronary arterial response to biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stents in comparison with durable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents and bare-metal stents: five-year follow-up optical coherence tomography study.</article-title><source>Atherosclerosis</source><year>2014</year><volume>237</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25190308</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r36"><label>36</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hamilos</surname><given-names>M.I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ostojic</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Beleslin</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Differential effects of drug-eluting stents on local endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion.</article-title><source>J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</source><year>2008</year><volume>51</volume><issue>22</issue><fpage>2123</fpage><lpage>2129</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18510958</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r37"><label>37</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Puricel</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kallinikou</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Espinola</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Comparison of endothelium-dependent and -independent vasomotor response after abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent and persistent polymer everolimus-eluting stent implantation (COMPARE-IT).</article-title><source>Int. J. Cardiol.</source><year>2016</year><volume>202</volume><fpage>525</fpage><lpage>531</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26440470</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r38"><label>38</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Eppihimer</surname><given-names>M.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sushkova</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Grimsby</surname><given-names>J.L.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Impact of Stent Surface on Thrombogenicity and Vascular Healing: A Comparative Analysis of Metallic and Polymeric Surfaces.</article-title><source>Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2013</year><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>370</fpage><lpage>377</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23899869</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r39"><label>39</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Meredith</surname><given-names>I.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Verheye</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dubois</surname><given-names>C.L.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Primary endpoint results of the EVOLVE trial: a randomized evaluation of a novel bioabsorbable polymer-coated, everolimus-eluting coronary stent.</article-title><source>J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</source><year>2012</year><volume>59</volume><issue>15</issue><fpage>1362</fpage><lpage>1370</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22341736</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r40"><label>40</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Meredith</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></person-group><source>Final five-year clinical outcomes in the EVOLVE trial: A randomized evaluation of a novel bioabsorbable polymer-coated, everolimus-eluting stent.Presented at EuroPCR</source><year>2016</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="r41"><label>41</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kereiakes</surname><given-names>D.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Meredith</surname><given-names>I.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Windecker</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Efficacy and safety of a novel bioabsorbable polymer-coated, everolimus-eluting coronary stent: the EVOLVE II Randomized Trial.</article-title><source>Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2015</year><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>e002372</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25855680</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r42"><label>42</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kereiakes</surname><given-names>D.J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Late Clinical Outcomes after Bioresorbable or Permanent Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stents: 2-Year Results from the EVOLVE II Randomized Trial.</article-title><source>J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</source><year>2016</year><volume>67</volume><issue>13</issue><fpage>17</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r43"><label>43</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Windecker</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kereiakes</surname><given-names>D.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Meredith</surname><given-names>I.T.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Primary clinical outcomes of the EVOLVE II diabetes substudy evaluating a novel bioabsorbable polymer-coated, everolimus-eluting coronary stent in diabetic patients.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2015</year><volume>•••</volume><fpage>OP040</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r44"><label>44</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Meredith</surname><given-names>IT</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Two-year Clinical Outcomes of a Bioabsorbable Polymer-Coated, Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent in Patients with Diabetes.</article-title><source>Presented at EuroPCR</source><year>2016</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="r45"><label>45</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Meredith</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jaffe</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>El-Jack</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Nine-month primary endpoint results of the EVOLVE II QCA study: a prospective, multicenter trial assessing clinical, angiographic, and intravascular ultrasound outcomes with the novel platinum-chromium abluminally-coated bioabsorbable polymer synergy everolimus-eluting stent in de novo coronary stenoses.</article-title><source>J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</source><year>2015</year><volume>65</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>A1789</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r46"><label>46</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group><source>EVOLVE China: A Randomized Comparison of Biodegradable Polymer- and Permanent Polymer-coated Platinum Chromium Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stents in China.</source><year>2016</year><publisher-name>Presented at CIT</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="r47"><label>47</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Varenne</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Cuisset</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Chaïb</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>The SYNERGY II Everolimus elutiNg stent In patients Older than 75 years undergoing coronary Revascularisation associated with a short dual antiplatelet therapy (SENIOR) trial: rationale and design of a large-scale randomised multicentre study.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention 2015</source><year>2015</year><volume>11</volume><issue>8</issue><comment>pii:20150220-08.</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="r48"><label>48</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grube</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hauptmann</surname><given-names>K-E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Buellesfeld</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Abizaid</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Six-month results of a randomized study to evaluate safety and efficacy of a Biolimus A9 eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer coating.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2005</year><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19758877</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r49"><label>49</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Windecker</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Serruys</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wandel</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Biolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer versus sirolimus-eluting stent with durable polymer for coronary revascularisation (LEADERS): a randomised non-inferiority trial.</article-title><source>Lancet</source><year>2008</year><volume>372</volume><issue>9644</issue><fpage>1163</fpage><lpage>1173</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18765162</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r50"><label>50</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Serruys</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Farooq</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kalesan</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Improved safety and reduction in stent thrombosis associated with biodegradable polymer-based biolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer-based sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease: final 5-year report of the LEADERS (Limus Eluted From A Durable Versus ERodable Stent Coating) randomized, noninferiority trial.</article-title><source>JACC Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2013</year><volume>6</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>777</fpage><lpage>789</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23968698</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r51"><label>51</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Räber</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kelbæk</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ostojic</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Effect of biolimus-eluting stents with biodegradable polymer vs bare-metal stents on cardiovascular events among patients with acute myocardial infarction: The comfortable ami randomized trial.</article-title><source>JAMA</source><year>2012</year><volume>308</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>777</fpage><lpage>787</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22910755</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r52"><label>52</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Räber</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kelbæk</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Taniwaki</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Biolimus-Eluting Stents With Biodegradable Polymer Versus Bare-Metal Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction Two-Year Clinical Results of the COMFORTABLE AMI Trial.</article-title><source>Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2014</year><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>355</fpage><lpage>364</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24847017</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r53"><label>53</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ostojic</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sagic</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Beleslin</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>First clinical comparison of Nobori-Biolimus A9 eluting stents with Cypher-Sirolimus eluting stents: NOBORI CORE nine months angiographic and one year clinical outcomes.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2008</year><volume>3</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>574</fpage><lpage>579</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19608483</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r54"><label>54</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chevalier</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Serruys</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Silber</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Randomised comparison of Nobori, biolimus A9-eluting coronary stent with a Taxus(R), paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent in patients with stenosis in native coronary arteries: the Nobori 1 trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2007</year><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>426</fpage><lpage>434</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19755281</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r55"><label>55</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chevalier</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wijns</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Silber</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Five-year clinical outcome of the Nobori drug-eluting coronary stent system in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease: final results of the NOBORI 1 trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2015</year><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>549</fpage><lpage>554</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25539418</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r56"><label>56</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kadota</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Muramatsu</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Iwabuchi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Randomized comparison of the nobori biolimus A9-eluting stent with the sirolimus-eluting stent in patients with stenosis in native coronary arteries.</article-title><source>Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2012</year><volume>80</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>789</fpage><lpage>796</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21805606</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r57"><label>57</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Natsuaki</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kozuma</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Morimoto</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent: a randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial.</article-title><source>J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</source><year>2013</year><volume>62</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>181</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23684673</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r58"><label>58</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vlachojannis</surname><given-names>G.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Smits</surname><given-names>P.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hofma</surname><given-names>S.H.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Long-term clinical outcomes of biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease: three-year follow-up of the COMPARE II (Abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent) trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2015</year><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>272</fpage><lpage>279</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26196753</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r59"><label>59</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kaiser</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Galatius</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jeger</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Long-term efficacy and safety of biodegradable-polymer biolimus-eluting stents main results of the basel stent kosten-effektivitäts trial–PROspective validation examination II (BASKET-PROVE II), a randomized, controlled noninferiority 2-year outcome trial.</article-title><source>Circulation</source><year>2015</year><volume>131</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25411159</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r60"><label>60</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Christiansen</surname><given-names>E.H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jensen</surname><given-names>L.O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Thayssen</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Biolimus-eluting biodegradable polymer-coated stent versus durable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent in unselected patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (SORT OUT V): a randomised non-inferiority trial.</article-title><source>Lancet</source><year>2013</year><volume>381</volume><issue>9867</issue><fpage>661</fpage><lpage>669</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23374649</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r61"><label>61</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>J-Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>D-W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Y-H.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Comparison of biolimus A9-eluting (Nobori) and everolimus-eluting (Promus Element) stents in patients with de novo native long coronary artery lesions: a randomized long drug-eluting stent V trial.</article-title><source>Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2014</year><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>322</fpage><lpage>329</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24823426</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r62"><label>62</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cassese</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fusaro</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Byrne</surname><given-names>R.A.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Clinical outcomes of patients treated with Nobori biolimus-eluting stent: Meta-analysis of randomized trials.</article-title><source>Int. J. Cardiol.</source><year>2014</year><volume>175</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>484</fpage><lpage>491</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25012497</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r63"><label>63</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Danzi</surname><given-names>G.B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chevalier</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Urban</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Clinical performance of a drug-eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer in an unselected patient population: the NOBORI 2 study.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2012</year><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22278136</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r64"><label>64</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Godino</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Parenti</surname><given-names>D.Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Regazzoli</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>One-year outcome of biolimus eluting stent with biodegradable polymer in all comers: the Italian Nobori Stent Prospective Registry.</article-title><source>Int. J. Cardiol.</source><year>2014</year><volume>177</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25499324</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r65"><label>65</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barbato</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Salinger-Martinovic</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sagic</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A first-in-man clinical evaluation of Ultimaster, a new drug-eluting coronary stent system: CENTURY study.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2015</year><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>541</fpage><lpage>548</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25136883</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r66"><label>66</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Beleslin</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name></person-group><source>Long-term clinical outcomes of coronary DES with bioresorbable coating: results of the CENTURY study.Presented at
EuroPCR</source><year>2016</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="r67"><label>67</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Saito</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Valdes-Chavarri</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Richardt</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A randomized, prospective, intercontinental evaluation of a bioresorbable polymer sirolimus-eluting coronary stent system: the CENTURY II (Clinical Evaluation of New Terumo Drug-Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease) trial.</article-title><source>Eur. Heart J.</source><year>2014</year><volume>35</volume><issue>30</issue><fpage>2021</fpage><lpage>2031</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24847155</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r68"><label>68</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Koppara</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Joner</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bayer</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Steigerwald</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Diener</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wittchow</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Histopathological comparison of biodegradable polymer and permanent polymer based sirolimus eluting stents in a porcine model of coronary stent implantation.</article-title><source>Thromb. Haemost.</source><year>2012</year><volume>107</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1161</fpage><lpage>1171</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22535188</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r69"><label>69</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hamon</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Niculescu</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Deleanu</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dorobantu</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Weissman</surname><given-names>N.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Waksman</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical and angiographic experience with a third-generation drug-eluting Orsiro stent in the treatment of single de novo coronary artery lesions (BIOFLOW-I): a prospective, first-in-man study.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2013</year><volume>8</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1006</fpage><lpage>1011</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23339805</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r70"><label>70</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Windecker</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Haude</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Neumann</surname><given-names>F-J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Comparison of a novel biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent with a durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent: results of the randomized BIOFLOW-II trial.</article-title><source>Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2015</year><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>e001441</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25634905</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r71"><label>71</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pilgrim</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Heg</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Roffi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Ultrathin strut biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent for percutaneous coronary revascularisation (BIOSCIENCE): a randomised, single-blind, non-inferiority trial.</article-title><source>Lancet</source><year>2014</year><volume>384</volume><issue>9960</issue><fpage>2111</fpage><lpage>2122</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25189359</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r72"><label>72</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Waltenberger</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Brachmann</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>van der Heyden</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Real-world experience with a novel biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent: twelve-month results of the BIOFLOW-III registry.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2015</year><volume>10</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1106</fpage><lpage>1110</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r73"><label>73</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ormiston</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Webster</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stewart</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>First-in-human evaluation of a bioabsorbable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent: imaging and clinical results of the DESSOLVE I Trial (DES with sirolimus and a bioabsorbable polymer for the treatment of patients with de novo lesion in the native coron.</article-title><source>JACC Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2013</year><volume>6</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1026</fpage><lpage>1034</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24055443</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r74"><label>74</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vrolix</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group><source>An update on the DESSOLVE programme.Presented at
EuroPCR.</source><year>2016</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="r75"><label>75</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wijns</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vrolix</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Verheye</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Randomised study of a bioabsorbable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent: results of the DESSOLVE II trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2015</year><volume>10</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1383</fpage><lpage>1390</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24801119</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r76"><label>76</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lansky</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kastrati</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Edelman</surname><given-names>E.R.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Comparison of the Absorbable Polymer Sirolimus-Eluting Stent (MiStent) to the Durable Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stent (Xience) (from the DESSOLVE I/II and ISAR-TEST-4 Studies).</article-title><source>Am. J. Cardiol.</source><year>2016</year><volume>117</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>532</fpage><lpage>538</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26762729</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r77"><label>77</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Verheye</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group><source>Novolimus Elution from a Biodegradable Polymer: Latest Update from EXCELLA II BD.</source><year>2014</year><publisher-name>Presented at TCT</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="r78"><label>78</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Serruys</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Garg</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Abizaid</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A randomised comparison of novolimus-eluting and zotarolimus-eluting coronary stents: 9-month follow-up results of the EXCELLA II study.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2010</year><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>195</fpage><lpage>205</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20562069</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r79"><label>79</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Iqbal</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Verheye</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Abizaid</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>DESyne novolimus-eluting coronary stent is superior to Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting coronary stent at five-year follow-up: final results of the multicentre EXCELLA II randomised controlled trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2016</year><volume>12</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>e1336</fpage><lpage>e1342</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26465374</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r80"><label>80</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dou</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A prospective multicenter parallel-controlled trial of TIVOLI biodegradable-polymer-based sirolimus-eluting stent compared to ENDEAVOR zotarolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of coronary artery disease: 8-month angiographic and 2-year clinical follow-up.</article-title><source>Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)</source><year>2011</year><volume>124</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>811</fpage><lpage>816</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21518585</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r81"><label>81</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jing</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A randomized comparison of novel biodegradable polymer- and durable polymer–coated cobalt-chromium sirolimus-eluting stents.</article-title><source>JACC Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2014</year><volume>7</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1352</fpage><lpage>1360</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25440887</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r82"><label>82</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><name><surname>Qiu</surname><given-names>J.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kirtane</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Comparison of biodegradable polymer versus durable polymer sirolimus-eluting stenting in patients with acute st-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the RESOLVE study.</article-title><source>J. Interv. Cardiol.</source><year>2014</year><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24697948</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r83"><label>83</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>Y-L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>L-X.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A new generation of biodegradable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stents for the treatment of coronary artery disease: final 5-year clinical outcomes from the CREATE study.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2012</year><volume>8</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>815</fpage><lpage>822</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23171802</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r84"><label>84</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>S-L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ye</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>J-J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Real polymer-free sirolimus- and probucol-eluting versus biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents for obstructive coronary artery disease: DKPLUS-Wave 1, a multicenter, randomized, prospective trial.</article-title><source>Cardiovasc. Ther.</source><year>2013</year><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>193</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22954234</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r85"><label>85</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>Q.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>First-in-man study evaluating the safety and efficacy of a second generation biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary lesions: Clinical, Angiographic, and OCT outcomes of CREDIT-1.</article-title><source>Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2015</year><volume>85</volume><issue>S1</issue><fpage>744</fpage><lpage>751</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25630447</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r86"><label>86</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oliveira</surname><given-names>M.D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ribeiro</surname><given-names>E.E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Campos</surname><given-names>C.M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Four-year clinical follow-up of the first-in-man randomized comparison of a novel sirolimus eluting stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer and ultra-thin strut cobalt-chromium alloy: the INSPIRON-I trial.</article-title><source>Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther.</source><year>2015</year><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>264</fpage><lpage>270</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26331110</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r87"><label>87</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ribeiro</surname><given-names>E.E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Campos</surname><given-names>C.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ribeiro</surname><given-names>H.B.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>First-in-man randomised comparison of a novel sirolimus-eluting stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer and thin-strut cobalt-chromium alloy: INSPIRON-I trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2014</year><volume>9</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1380</fpage><lpage>1384</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24755382</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r88"><label>88</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lemos</surname><given-names>P.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Abizaid</surname><given-names>A.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Meireles</surname><given-names>G.C.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Metallic limus-eluting stents abluminally coated with biodegradable polymers: angiographic and clinical comparison of a novel ultra-thin sirolimus stent versus biolimus stent in the destiny randomised trial.</article-title><source>Cardiovasc. Ther.</source><year>2015</year><volume>33</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>367</fpage><lpage>371</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26352896</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r89"><label>89</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Prado</surname><given-names>G.F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ribeiro</surname><given-names>E.E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Melo</surname><given-names>P.H.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Clinical performance of a novel ultrathin strut, low-dose, sirolimus-eluting stent with abluminal-only biodegradable polymeric coating for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the daily practice.</article-title><source>Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther.</source><year>2015</year><volume>5</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>414</fpage><lpage>419</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26675281</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r90"><label>90</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Qian</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lansky</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>First report of a novel abluminal groove filled biodegradable polymer rapamycin-eluting stent in de novo coronary artery disease: results of the first in man FIREHAWK trial.</article-title><source>Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)</source><year>2012</year><volume>125</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>970</fpage><lpage>976</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22613516</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r91"><label>91</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>R-L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lansky</surname><given-names>A.J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>A randomised comparison of a novel abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent with a durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent: clinical and angiographic follow-up of the TARGET I trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2013</year><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23685298</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r92"><label>92</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Y-J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>Z-W.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Comparison of long-term in-stent vascular response between abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent and durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent: 3-year OCT follow-up from the TARGET I trial.</article-title><source>Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging</source><year>2015</year><volume>31</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1489</fpage><lpage>1496</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26208685</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r93"><label>93</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>R-L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>R-Y.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Efficacy and safety of FIREHAWK® abluminal groove filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents for the treatment of long coronary lesions: nine-month angiographic and one-year clinical results from TARGET I trial long cohort.</article-title><source>Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)</source><year>2013</year><volume>126</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1026</fpage><lpage>1032</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23506573</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r94"><label>94</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Safety and efficacy of a novel abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of de novo coronary lesions: 12-month results from the TARGET II trial.</article-title><source>Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)</source><year>2014</year><volume>127</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1027</fpage><lpage>1032</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24622429</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r95"><label>95</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Safety and efficacy of a novel abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of de novo coronary lesions: Two-year results from a prospective patient-level pooled analysis of TARGET trials.</article-title><source>Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2015</year><volume>85</volume><issue>S1</issue><fpage>734</fpage><lpage>743</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25678281</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r96"><label>96</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mehilli</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Byrne</surname><given-names>R.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Wieczorek</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Randomized trial of three rapamycin-eluting stents with different coating strategies for the reduction of coronary restenosis.</article-title><source>Eur. Heart J.</source><year>2008</year><volume>29</volume><issue>16</issue><fpage>1975</fpage><lpage>1982</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18550554</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r97"><label>97</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Byrne</surname><given-names>R.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kastrati</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kufner</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Randomized, non-inferiority trial of three limus agent-eluting stents with different polymer coatings: the Intracoronary Stenting and Angiographic Results: Test Efficacy of 3 Limus-Eluting Stents (ISAR-TEST-4) Trial.</article-title><source>Eur. Heart J.</source><year>2009</year><volume>30</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>2441</fpage><lpage>2449</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19720642</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r98"><label>98</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kufner</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Massberg</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dommasch</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Angiographic outcomes with biodegradable polymer and permanent polymer drug-eluting stents.</article-title><source>Catheter Cardiovasc Interv Off J Soc Card Angiogr Interv</source><year>2011</year><volume>78</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>161</fpage><lpage>166</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="r99"><label>99</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Byrne</surname><given-names>R.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kastrati</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Massberg</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Biodegradable polymer versus permanent polymer drug-eluting stents and everolimus- versus sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease: 3-year outcomes from a randomized clinical trial.</article-title><source>J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</source><year>2011</year><volume>58</volume><issue>13</issue><fpage>1325</fpage><lpage>1331</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21920260</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r100"><label>100</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kufner</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Byrne</surname><given-names>R.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Valeskini</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Five-year outcomes from a trial of three limus-eluting stents with different polymer coatings in patients with coronary artery disease: final results from the ISAR-TEST 4 randomised trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2016</year><volume>11</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1372</fpage><lpage>1373</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25405657</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r101"><label>101</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Qian</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Y-J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Optical coherence tomography assessment of a PLGA-polymer with electro-grafting base layer versus a PLA-polymer sirolimus-eluting stent at three-month follow-up: the BuMA-OCT randomised trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2014</year><volume>10</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>806</fpage><lpage>814</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25033105</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r102"><label>102</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Biodegradable Polymer-Based Sirolimus-Eluting Stents With Differing Elution and Absorption Kinetics: The PANDA III Trial.</article-title><source>J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</source><year>2016</year><volume>67</volume><issue>19</issue><fpage>2249</fpage><lpage>2258</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27173037</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r103"><label>103</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Webster</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Harding</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>McClean</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>First-in-human evaluation of a sirolimus-eluting coronary stent on an integrated delivery system: the DIRECT study.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2013</year><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23685294</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r104"><label>104</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khattab</surname><given-names>A.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nijhoff</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schofer</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Svelte integrated delivery system performance examined through diagnostic catheter delivery: The SPEED registry.</article-title><source>Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2015</year><volume>85</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>E23</fpage><lpage>E31</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25130948</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r105"><label>105</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Verheye</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Khattab</surname><given-names>A.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Carrie</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Direct implantation of rapamycin-eluting stents with bioresorbable drug carrier technology utilising the Svelte coronary stent-on-a-wire: the DIRECT II study.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2016</year><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>e615</fpage><lpage>e622</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27497361</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r106"><label>106</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dani</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Costa</surname><given-names>R.A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Joshi</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>First-in-human evaluation of the novel BioMime sirolimus-eluting coronary stent with bioabsorbable polymer for the treatment of single de novo lesions located in native coronary vessels - results from the meriT-1 trial.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2013</year><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>493</fpage><lpage>500</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23965355</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r107"><label>107</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lupi</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gabrio Secco</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rognoni</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Meta-analysis of bioabsorbable versus durable polymer drug-eluting stents in 20,005 patients with coronary artery disease: An update.</article-title><source>Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2014</year><volume>83</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>E193</fpage><lpage>E206</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24478247</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r108"><label>108</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Navarese</surname><given-names>E.P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kubica</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Castriota</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Safety and efficacy of biodegradable vs. durable polymer drug-eluting stents: evidence from a meta-analysis of randomised trials.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2011</year><volume>7</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>985</fpage><lpage>994</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22116195</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r109"><label>109</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dong</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Biodegradable Polymer Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: An Update Meta-Analysis.</article-title><source>Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther.</source><year>2014</year><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>379</fpage><lpage>385</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24842560</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r110"><label>110</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Safety and efficacy of degradable vs. permanent polymer drug-eluting stents: A meta-analysis of 18,395 patients from randomized trials.</article-title><source>Int. J. Cardiol.</source><year>2014</year><volume>173</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24613365</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r111"><label>111</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Stent thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease treated with biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents.</article-title><source>Int. Heart J.</source><year>2014</year><volume>55</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>213</fpage><lpage>218</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24806382</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r112"><label>112</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>L-X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Biodegradable polymer DES versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents for patients undergoing PCI: a meta-analysis.</article-title><source>Heart Lung Circ.</source><year>2014</year><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>496</fpage><lpage>502</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24704465</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r113"><label>113</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sarno</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group><source>Real-world clinical experience with an everolimus eluting platinum chromium stent with an abluminal biodegradable polymer – a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR).</source><year>2016</year><publisher-name>Presented at CRT</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="r114"><label>114</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pilgrim</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Roffi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tüller</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Randomized comparison of biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents for percutaneous coronary revascularization: Rationale and design of the BIOSCIENCE trial.</article-title><source>Am. Heart J.</source><year>2014</year><volume>168</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>256</fpage><lpage>261</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25173535</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r115"><label>115</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Six versus 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent randomized substudy of the I-LOVE-IT 2 Trial.</article-title><source>Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2016</year><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>e003145</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26858080</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r116"><label>116</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grube</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hauptmann</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Buellesfeld</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><name><surname>Abizaid</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Six-month results of a randomized study to evaluate safety and efficacy of a Biolimus A9 eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer coating.</article-title><source>EuroIntervention</source><year>2005</year><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19758877</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r117"><label>117</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Urban</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Valdés</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Menown</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Outcomes following implantation of the biolimus A9-eluting BioMatrix coronary stent: Primary analysis of the e-BioMatrix registry.</article-title><source>Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2015</year><fpage>1151</fpage><lpage>1160</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25683225</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r118"><label>118</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chevalier</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Silber</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>S-J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Randomized comparison of the nobori biolimus A9-eluting coronary stent with the taxus liberté paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent in patients with stenosis in native coronary arteries: the NOBORI 1 trial—phase 2.</article-title><source>Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv.</source><year>2009</year><volume>2</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>188</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20031715</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r119"><label>119</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Smits</surname><given-names>P.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hofma</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Togni</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent (COMPARE II): a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.</article-title><source>Lancet</source><year>2013</year><volume>381</volume><issue>9867</issue><fpage>651</fpage><lpage>660</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23374650</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="r120"><label>120</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Saito</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group><source>CENTURY II: a prospective randomized trial of a bioabsorbable-polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus a durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent in patients with coronary Artery.</source><year>2015</year><publisher-name>Presented at TCT</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="r121"><label>121</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bennett</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dubois</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A novel platinum chromium everolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of coronary artery disease.</article-title><source>Biol Targets Ther</source><year>2013</year><volume>7</volume><fpage>149</fpage><lpage>159</lpage></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="F1" fig-type="figure" position="float"><label>Fig. (1)</label><caption><p>Time Course For Polymer Bioabsorption.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCR-13-139_F1"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" fig-type="figure" position="float"><label>Fig. (1)</label><caption><p>Time Course For Polymer Bioabsorption.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CCR-13-139_F2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Current bioabsorbable-polymer coated drug-eluting stents tested in clinical trials.</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Name</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Company</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Platform</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Thickness (µm)</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Polymer</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Polymer Distribution/ Thickness</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Drug</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Drug Release/</bold><break></break><bold>Polymer Absorption</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Biomatrix [<xref rid="r49" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Biosensors</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stainless Steel</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abluminal/10 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Biolimus A9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 mo/9 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nobori [<xref rid="r53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Terumo</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stainless Steel</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">125</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abluminal/20 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Biolimus A9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 mo/9 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ultimaster [<xref rid="r65" ref-type="bibr">65</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Terumo</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>Chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poly (DL-lactide-co-caprolactone)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abluminal/15 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">For both 3-4 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SYNERGY [<xref rid="r41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Boston Scientific</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Platinum <break></break>chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic co-glycolic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abluminal/4 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Everolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 mo/4 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Orsiro [<xref rid="r114" ref-type="bibr">114</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Biotronik</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poly L lactic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conformal/up to 7.5µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 mo/15 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MiStent [<xref rid="r75" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Micell</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>Chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic co-glycolic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conformal/Not reported</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crystalline sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 mo/3 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DESyne BD [<xref rid="r78" ref-type="bibr">78</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elixir Medical Corporation</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poly L Lactide (PLLA)-based polymer</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conformal/<3 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Novolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 mo/9 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TIVOLI [<xref rid="r81" ref-type="bibr">81</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Essen Tech</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic co-glycolic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80% by 1 mo/3-6 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EXCEL [<xref rid="r82" ref-type="bibr">82</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">JW Medical Systems</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stainless steel</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10-15 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 mo/6-9 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EXCEL II [<xref rid="r85" ref-type="bibr">85</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">JW Medical Systems</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR/6-9 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inspiron [<xref rid="r86" ref-type="bibr">86</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scitech</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic acid + Polylactic co-glycolic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abluminal/5 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80% by 1 mo/6-9 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Firehawk [<xref rid="r95" ref-type="bibr">95</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Microport Medical</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abluminal</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 mo/9 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yukon Choice Flex [<xref rid="r100" ref-type="bibr">100</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Translumina GmbH</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stainless Steel</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abluminal/Not reported</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 wk/ 6-9 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BuMA [<xref rid="r102" ref-type="bibr">102</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sino Medical</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stainless Steel</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100-110</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polylactic co-glycolic acid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conformal/10 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 d/2-3 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Svelte [<xref rid="r105" ref-type="bibr">105</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Svelte Medical Systems</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poly(ester amide)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conformal/6 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 mo/12 mo</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BioMime [<xref rid="r106" ref-type="bibr">106</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Meril Life Sciences</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cobalt <break></break>chromium</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PLLA+PLGA</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conformal/2 µm</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sirolimus</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75% in 15 d/60 d</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Summary of clinical trials for the SYNERGY everolimus-eluting bioabsorbable polymer stent.</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Trial</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Control</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold># of patients/study design</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Results</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EVOLVE<break></break>6-months [<xref rid="r39" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]<break></break>5-year [<xref rid="r40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>]<break></break>NCT01135225</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N=291; Prospective, multisite, randomized (1:1:1), single-blind, noninferiority; 29 sites (Europe, Australia, New Zealand,) Single target lesion ≤28mm, ≥2.25 to ≤3.5 mm RVD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Clinical 1° endpoint:</bold> 30-d TLF EES 0 (0%), SYNERGY 1(1.1%), and SYNERGY ½ Dose 3 (3.1%); SYNERGY vs EES <italic>P</italic>=0.49 and SYNERGY ½ dose vs EES <italic>P</italic>=0.25, respectively<break></break><bold>Angiographic 1° Endpoint:</bold> 6 m in-stent late loss in EES 0.15±0.34 mm; SYNERGY (0.10±0.25 mm) and SYNERGY ½ Dose group (0.13±0.26 mm) were both noninferior to EES; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.001)<break></break><bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break>• At 5 years, rates of cardiac death, MI, TVR, TLR, TLF, and TVF remained low and not significantly different between treatment groups; no incidence of definite/probable ST in any treatment group</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EVOLVE II<break></break>1 year [<xref rid="r41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>]<break></break>2 years [<xref rid="r42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>]<break></break>EVOLVE II Diabetes [<xref rid="r43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>, <xref rid="r44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>] NCT01665053</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N=1684; Prospective, multisite, single-blind, randomized (1:1) noninferiority; 125 sites (US, Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Japan); ≤3 target lesions ≤34mm, ≥2.25 to ≤4.0 mm RVD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 12 m TLF was 6.5% of EES and 6.7% SYNERGY treated subjects (ITT: 97.5% upper confidence bound=2.68%; <italic>P<sub>noninferiority</sub></italic>=0.0005; Per Protocol: TLF EES 6.4%, 6.4% SYNERGY, 97.5% upper confidence bound=2.51%; <italic>P<sub>noninferiority</sub></italic> =0.0003)<break></break><bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break>At 2 years, cardiac death (EES 1.5% vs SYNERGY 1.0%; <italic>P</italic>=0.35), MI (5.4% vs 5.5% based on 3x CK-MB ULN; <italic>P</italic>=0.89), TLR (3.1% vs 4.3%; <italic>P</italic>=0.17), or ST (0. 8% vs 0.4%; <italic>P</italic>=0.31).<break></break><bold>Diabetes Substudy:</bold><break></break><bold>1° endpoint</bold>: 12 m TLF occurred in 7.5% of SYNERGY-treated patients with diabetes, significantly less than the performance goal (<italic>P</italic><0.0001). The 2-year rate of TLF was 11.2% and definite/probable ST occurred in 1.1% of patients.</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EVOLVE II QCA<break></break>12-month [<xref rid="r45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>]<break></break>NCT01787799</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N=100; Prospective, multisite, single-arm; 12 sites (Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Japan) ; ≤3 target lesions ≤34mm, ≥2.25 to ≤4.0 mm RVD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 9 m in-stent late loss 0.23 mm (1-sided 97.5% upper confidence bound 0.40 mm), and was significantly below the prespecified performance goal of 0.4 mm (<italic>P</italic><0.0001).<break></break>Post-procedure incomplete stent apposition was also low (2.1%), and 9-month % volume obstruction by IVUS was 5.2%. At 12 m follow-up, there were no deaths or ST. Five patients had peri-procedural non-Q wave MI (based on CK-MB>3x upper limit of normal), and 1 TLR.</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EVOLVE China<break></break>12-month [<xref rid="r115" ref-type="bibr">115</xref>]<break></break>NCT01966159</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N=412; Prospective, multisite, single-blind, randomized (1:1) noninferiority; 14 sites in China; ≤2 target lesions ≤34mm, ≥2.25 to ≤4.0 mm RVD</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint</bold>: 9 m in stent late loss (SYNERGY 0.20mm±0.33mm vs EES 0.17mm± 0.37mm). The upper 1-sided 97.3% confidence interval of the difference (0.10 mm) was significantly less than the noninferiority margin of 0.15 mm (<italic>P</italic><0.0008).<break></break>Clinical adverse event rates were low and not significantly different at 12 months (all <italic>P</italic>>0.05).</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Abbreviations: CAD = coronary artery disease; EES = everolimus-eluting stents; IVUS = intravascular ultrasound; MI = myocardial infarction; RVD = reference vessel diameter; TLF = target lesion failure; TLR = target lesion revascularization; TVR = target-vessel revascularization; ST = stent thrombosis.</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Summary of clinical trials for the Biomatrix biolimus-eluting bioabsorbable polymer stent.</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Trial</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Control</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold># of patients/study design</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Results</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">STEALTH 6-month results (2005) [<xref rid="r116" ref-type="bibr">116</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMS</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D<italic>e novo</italic> coronary lesions <24mm in length, diameter ≥2.7mm to ≤3.7mm<break></break>120 patients randomized 2:1; double-blind; multicenter</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint:</bold> LLL at 6 months: Biomatrix 0.14mm±0.45mm vs BMS 0.40mm±0.41mm; <italic>P</italic>=0.004<break></break><bold>2° endpoint:</bold> Similar event free survival (Biomatix 96.3% vs BMS 97.5%; <italic>P</italic>=0.72) and TLR (Biomatix 3.9% vs BMS 7.7%; <italic>P</italic>=NS) in both groups</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LEADERS 9-month results(2008) [<xref rid="r49" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>];<break></break>LEADERS 5-year results (2013) [<xref rid="r50" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>]<break></break>NCT00389220</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Patients with chronic, stable CAD or ACS; RVD 2.25mm to 3.5mm<break></break>1,707 patients randomized 1:1; multicenter; noninferiority</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint:</bold> MACE at 9 months: Biomatrix 9% vs SES 11%; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub>=0.003, <italic>P</italic><sub>superiority</sub>=0.39)<break></break><bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break>9-month in-stent %DS Biomatrix 20.9% vs SES 23.3%; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub>=0.001, <italic>P</italic><sub>superiority</sub>=0.26)<break></break>5-year MACE Biomatrix 22.3% vs SES 26.1%; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.0001, <italic>P</italic><sub>superiority</sub>=0.07)<break></break>Very late definite ST (1 to 5 years): Biomatrix 0.7% vs SES 2.5%; RR: 0.26 [CI: 0.10 to 0.68], <italic>P</italic>=0.003)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">COMFORTABLE<break></break>1-year results (2012) [<xref rid="r51" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>]; 2-year follow-up (2014) [<xref rid="r52" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>]<break></break>NCT00962416</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BMS</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,161 patients with STEMI randomized 1:1; multicenter</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 1-year MACE: Biomatrix 4.3% vs BMS 8.7%; <italic>P</italic>=0.004<break></break><bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break>1-year Definite ST with Biomatrix 0.9% vs BMS 2.1%; <italic>P=</italic>0 .10<break></break>13-month in-stent %DS Biomatrix 12.0mm±7.2mm vs BMS 39.6mm±25.2mm; <italic>P</italic><0.001<break></break>2-year MACE Biomatrix 5.8% vs BMS 11.9%; <italic>P</italic><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">e-Biomatrix Registry<break></break>[<xref rid="r117" ref-type="bibr">117</xref>]<break></break>NCT01289002 and NCT01254487</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Consists of 2 registries: e-BioMatrix PMS N= 1,106 patients; and e-BioMatrix PMR N=4,453 patients</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 12-month MACE was 4.5%<break></break><bold>2° endpoints:</bold> 2-year MACE was 6.8% (cardiac death 1.5%, MI 2.4%, TVR 4.3%). ST occurred in 0.8% of patients</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Abbreviations: BMS = bare metal stents; LLL = late lumen loss; TLR = target lesion revascularization; NS = non-significant; RVD = reference vessel diameter; CAD = coronary artery disease; ACS = acute coronary syndrome; SES = sirolimus-eluting stent; ST = stent thrombosis; %DS = percent diameter stenosis; MACE = major adverse coronary event; TV-MI = target-vessel myocardial infarction; TVR = target-vessel restenosis.</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Summary of clinical trials for the Nobori and Ultimaster biolimus-eluting bioabsorbable polymer stent.</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>Trial</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>Control</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold># of patients/study design</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>Key Results</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> NOBORI CORE 9-month results (2008) [<xref rid="r53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> SES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 107 patients with <italic>de novo</italic> CAD, randomized 1:1, 5 centers</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 9-month in-stent LLL Nobori 0.10mm±0.26mm vs SES 0.13mm±0.44mm; <italic>P</italic>=0.660)<break></break> <bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break> 12-month MACE Nobori 1.9% vs SES 4.1%<break></break> 9-month in-stent % diameter stenosis for Nobori 13%±10% vs SES 20%±12%; <italic>P</italic>=0.002</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> NOBORI 1 Trial – Phase 1<break></break> 9-month results (2007) [<xref rid="r54" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> PES (TAXUS Express)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 120 patients with native CAD, prospective, controlled, noninferiority, randomized 2:1, 29 centers</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 9-month in-stent LLL with 0.15mm<underline>±</underline>0.27mm vs PES 0.32mm<underline>±</underline>0.33mm; <italic>P</italic>=0.006<break></break> 0% ST for both groups</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> NOBORI 1 Trial - Phase 2<break></break> 9-month results (2009) [<xref rid="r118" ref-type="bibr">118</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> PES (TAXUS Liberté)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 243 patients with native CAD, prospective, controlled, noninferiority, randomized 2:1, 29 centers</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 9-month in-stent LLL Nobori 0.11mm<underline>±</underline>0.30mm vs PES 0.32mm<underline>±</underline>0.50mm; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.001, <italic>P</italic><sub>superiority</sub>=0.001<break></break> <bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break> 9-month MACE Nobori 4.6% vs PES 5.6%<break></break> ST rate Nobori 0% vs PES 4.4%</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> NOBORI 1 Trial – Phases 1 & 2 5-year results (2015) [<xref rid="r55" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> PES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 363 patients with native CAD, prospective, controlled, noninferiority, randomized 2:1, 29 centers</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 5-year TLF Nobori 9.2% vs PES 10.4%<break></break> <bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break> TLR Nobori 6.3% vs PES 16.0%)<break></break> Def/prob ST Nobori 0.0% vs PES 3.2%; <italic>P</italic>=0.014</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> NOBORI Japan<break></break> 9-month results (2012) [<xref rid="r56" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> SES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 335 patients with <italic>de novo</italic> lesions in up to2 native coronary arteries, controlled, randomized 3:2, 15 centers in Japan</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> Freedom from TVF Nobori 92.6% vs SES 93.8%; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.001<break></break> <bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break> 9-month in-stent LLL Nobori 0.12mm±0.30mm vs SES 0.14mm±0.34mm<break></break> 9-month TLR Nobori 0.5% vs 3.9%; <italic>P</italic>=0.04<break></break> 0% def/prob ST for both groups</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> SORT OUT V<break></break> 9-month results (2013) [<xref rid="r60" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>]<break></break> NCT01254981</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> SES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1,229, all-comers, noninferiority, randomized 1:1, 3 sites</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 9-month MACE Nobori 4.1% vs SES 3.1%; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub>=0.06<break></break> <bold>2° endpoint:</bold> 9-month definite ST Nobori 0.7% vs SES 0.2%; <italic>P</italic>=0.03</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> COMPARE II 1-year results (2013) [<xref rid="r119" ref-type="bibr">119</xref>]; 3-year results (2015) [<xref rid="r58" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>]<break></break> NCT01233453</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> EES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2,707 patients with RVD between 2.0mm and 4.0mm, prospective, controlled, noninferiority, randomized 2:1, 12 sites</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 1-year MACE Nobori 5.2% vs EES 4.8%; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub> <0.0001<break></break> <bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break> 1-year def/prob ST Nobori 0.8% vs EES 1.0%; <italic>P</italic>=0.58<break></break> 3-year MACE Nobori 11.9% vs EES 11.1%; <italic>P</italic>=0.57<break></break> 3-year ST Nobori 1.2% vs EES 0.8%; <italic>P</italic>=0.33</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> NEXT trial 1-year results (2013) [<xref rid="r57" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>]<break></break> NCT01303640</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> EES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3,235 patients with native and graft vessel disease scheduled for PCI, prospective, noninferiority, randomized 1:1, multicenter</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 1-year TLR Nobori 4.2% vs EES 4.2%; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub> <0.0001, <italic>P</italic><sub>superiority</sub>= 0.93<break></break> <bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break> 1-year def ST Nobori 0.25% vs EES 0.06%; <italic>P</italic>=0.18<break></break> 9-month in-segment LLL Nobori 0.03mm±0.39mm vs EES 0.06mm±0.45mm; <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub> <0.0001, <italic>P</italic><sub>superiority</sub>=0.52 (266±43 days after stent implantation)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="center" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>Trial</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>Control</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold># of patients/study design</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>Key Results</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> BASKET-PROVE II<break></break> 2-year results (2015) [<xref rid="r59" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>]<break></break> NCT01166685</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> EES and BMS</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2,291 patients with acute or stable CAD, lesions ≥3.0mm in diameter, randomized 1:1:1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 2-year MACE Nobori 7.6% vs EES 6.8% vs BMS 12.7%; Nobori vs EES: <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub>=0.04, Nobori vs BMS: <italic>P</italic>=0.001<break></break> <bold>2° endpoints:</bold><break></break> 2-year safety end point (combination of VLST, MI, cardiac death) was similar in all three groups</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> LONG-DES V trial<break></break> 9-month results (2014) [<xref rid="r61" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>]<break></break> NCT01186120</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> EES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 500 patients, long (≥25mm) coronary lesions, prospective, randomized 1:1, multicenter</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 9-month in-segment LLL Nobori 0.14mm±0.38mm vs EES 0.11mm±0.37mm; <italic>P</italic><sub>non-inferiroity</sub>=0.03, <italic>P</italic><sub>superiority</sub>=0.45<break></break> <bold>2° endpoint:</bold> MACE Nobori 16.7% vs EES 16.5%; <italic>P</italic>=0.94</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> INSPIRE 1<break></break> 1-year results [<xref rid="r64" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> N/A</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1066 patients, all-comers registry, multicenter</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> Cardiac death, MI, and clinically driven TVR 4.0% patients; the rate was higher in the complex lesions (5.2% vs 2.5%, <italic>P</italic>=0.03)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Nobori 2<break></break> 2-year results [<xref rid="r63" ref-type="bibr">63</xref>]<break></break> ISRCTN81649913</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> N/A</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3067 patients, all-comers registry, multicenter</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 2-year TLF 3.9% at 1 year, 5.1% at 2 years<break></break> <bold>2° endpoint:</bold> ARC def/prob ST: 0.68% at 1 year, 0.82% at 2 years</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> CENTURY I<break></break> 6 months [<xref rid="r65" ref-type="bibr">65</xref>]<break></break> 4 year [<xref rid="r66" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> N/A</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 105 patients, Single-arm, prospective, multicenter</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> late loss at 6 months was 0.04±0.35 mm<break></break> <bold>2° endpoints:</bold> At 4 years: TLF was 6.7% and ARC definite/probable ST was 0.9%</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> CENTURY II<break></break> 9 months [<xref rid="r67" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>]; 2 years [<xref rid="r120" ref-type="bibr">120</xref>]</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> EES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1101 patients, prospective, randomized 1:1, multicenter</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <bold>1° endpoint:</bold> 9-month freedom from TLF Ultimaster 95.6% vs XIENCE 95.1% (P<sub>noninferiority</sub><0.0001).<break></break> <bold>2° endpoint:</bold> 2-year TLF Ultimaster 6.5% vs XIENCE 6.6%<break></break> ARC definite/probable ST 1.1% in each arm</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Abbreviations: BMS = bare metal stents; CAD = coronary artery disease; EES = everolimus-eluting stents; LLL = late lumen loss; MACE = major adverse coronary event; MI = myocardial infarction; PES = paclitaxel-eluting stent; RVD = reference vessel diameter; SES = sirolimus-eluting stent; ST = stent thrombosis; TLF = target lesion failure; TLR = target lesion revascularization; TVR = target-vessel revascularization; VLST = very late stent thrombosis.</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Summary of clinical trials for the Orsiro sirolimus-eluting bioabsorbable polymer stent.</p></caption><table frame="border" rules="all" width="100%"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Trial</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Control</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold># of patients/study design</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Results</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BIOFLOW-I Registry<break></break>[<xref rid="r69" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>]<break></break>NCT01214148</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">First-in-human, single-arm registry of 30 patients with a single <italic>de novo</italic> lesion ≥22 mm, RVD 2.5 - 3.5 mm, and<break></break>>50% to <90% diameter stenosis were enrolled at two sites</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint:</bold> In-stent late loss at 9 mos was 0.05±0.22 mm<break></break>1y clinical outcomes:<break></break>MACE was 10%, no MI or ST</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BIOFLOW II<break></break>[<xref rid="r70" ref-type="bibr">70</xref>]<break></break>NCT01356888</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N=452 prospective, multicenter, randomized (2:1), excluded AMI, LM, 3VD, LVEF<30%</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint:</bold> In stent late loss at 9 mos: Orsiro 0.10 ± 0.32 vs EES 0.11 ± 0.29 mm <italic>P</italic><sub>noninferiority</sub><0.0001<break></break>TLF: Orsiro 6.5% vs 8.0% <italic>P</italic>=0.58<break></break>ST: 0 in each arm</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BIOSCIENCE<break></break>[<xref rid="r71" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>]<break></break>NCT01443104</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EES</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N=2,119; Prospective, multisite, randomized (1:1), single-blind, noninferiority; 9 European sites, unselected patient population</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Primary Endpoint: 12-mo TLF occurred in 6.5% vs 6.6% of subjects in the Orsiro and XIENCE groups (<italic>P<sub>noninferiority</sub></italic><0.0004)<break></break>No significant differences were noted in rates of definite ST (0.9% vs 0.4%, <italic>P</italic>=0.16).<break></break>STEMI patients<break></break>12-mo TLF 3.3% vs 8.7%, <italic>P</italic>=0.024</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BIOFLOW III Registry<break></break>[<xref rid="r72" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>]<break></break>NCT01553526</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N=1356 prospective, multicenter, all-comers</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1° endpoint:</bold> TLF at 12 months: 5.1%</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Abbreviations: 3VD = 3 vessel disease; AMI = acute myocardial infarction; EES = everolimus-eluting stents; LM = left main; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MI = myocardial infarction; PES = paclitaxel-eluting stent; RVD = reference vessel diameter; SES = sirolimus-eluting stent; ST = stent thrombosis; STEMI = ST-elevation myocardial infarction; TLF = target lesion failure; TLR = target lesion revascularization; TVR = target-vessel revascularization.</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001297 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001297 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= MersV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:5452149
|texte= Current State of Bioabsorbable Polymer-Coated Drug-Eluting Stents
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:28017123" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MersV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |