MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?
Identifieur interne : 000885 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000884; suivant : 000886MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?
Auteurs : Shuo Su ; Gary Wong ; Yingxia Liu ; George F. Gao ; Shoujun Li ; Yuhai BiSource :
- Lancet (London, England) [ 0140-6736 ] ; 2015.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60859-5
PubMed: 26088634
PubMed Central: 7159297
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?</title><author><name sortKey="Su, Shuo" sort="Su, Shuo" uniqKey="Su S" first="Shuo" last="Su">Shuo Su</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Gary" sort="Wong, Gary" uniqKey="Wong G" first="Gary" last="Wong">Gary Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yingxia" sort="Liu, Yingxia" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yingxia" last="Liu">Yingxia Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, George F" sort="Gao, George F" uniqKey="Gao G" first="George F" last="Gao">George F. Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shoujun" sort="Li, Shoujun" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shoujun" last="Li">Shoujun Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bi, Yuhai" sort="Bi, Yuhai" uniqKey="Bi Y" first="Yuhai" last="Bi">Yuhai Bi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26088634</idno><idno type="pmc">7159297</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159297</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7159297</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60859-5</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000885</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000885</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?</title><author><name sortKey="Su, Shuo" sort="Su, Shuo" uniqKey="Su S" first="Shuo" last="Su">Shuo Su</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Gary" sort="Wong, Gary" uniqKey="Wong G" first="Gary" last="Wong">Gary Wong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yingxia" sort="Liu, Yingxia" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yingxia" last="Liu">Yingxia Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, George F" sort="Gao, George F" uniqKey="Gao G" first="George F" last="Gao">George F. Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shoujun" sort="Li, Shoujun" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shoujun" last="Li">Shoujun Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bi, Yuhai" sort="Bi, Yuhai" uniqKey="Bi Y" first="Yuhai" last="Bi">Yuhai Bi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Lancet (London, England)</title><idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno><idno type="eISSN">1474-547X</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hinedi, K" uniqKey="Hinedi K">K Hinedi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghandour, J" uniqKey="Ghandour J">J Ghandour</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jf" uniqKey="Chan J">JF Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="To, Kk" uniqKey="To K">KK To</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Vc" uniqKey="Cheng V">VC Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woo, Pc" uniqKey="Woo P">PC Woo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Ky" uniqKey="Yuen K">KY Yuen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azhar, Ei" uniqKey="Azhar E">EI Azhar</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Kafrawy, Sa" uniqKey="El Kafrawy S">SA El-Kafrawy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farraj, Sa" uniqKey="Farraj S">SA Farraj</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Lancet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Lancet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Lancet (London, England)</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0140-6736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1474-547X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26088634</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7159297</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0140-6736(15)60859-5</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60859-5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>MERS in South Korea and China: a potential outbreak threat?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au10"><name><surname>Su</surname><given-names>Shuo</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au20"><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>Gary</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au30"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Yingxia</given-names></name><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au40"><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>George F</given-names></name><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au50"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Shoujun</given-names></name><email>shoujunli@scau.edu.cn</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au60"><name><surname>Bi</surname><given-names>Yuhai</given-names></name><email>beeyh@im.ac.cn</email><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China</aff><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>11</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub" iso-8601-date="2015-06-19"><season>13-19 June</season><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>385</volume><issue>9985</issue><fpage>2349</fpage><lpage>2350</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier Ltd</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><related-article related-article-type="article-reference" id="d32e260" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61088-1"></related-article></article-meta></front><body><p id="para10">First reported in September, 2012, human infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) can result in severe respiratory disease, characterised by life-threatening pneumonia and renal failure.<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr"><sup>1</sup></xref> Countries with primary infections of MERS-CoV are located in the Middle East, but cases have been occasionally exported in other countries (<xref rid="fig1" ref-type="fig">figure</xref>). Human-to-human infections of MERS-CoV are rare<xref rid="bib2" ref-type="bibr"><sup>2</sup></xref> and confirmed cases are usually traced back to contact with camels, an intermediate host species for MERS-CoV.<xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr"><sup>3</sup></xref><fig id="fig1"><label>Figure</label><caption><p>Imported MERS-CoV human cases and affected countries</p><p>Countries affected by MERS-CoV are shown in red, including the recent cases in South Korea and China. Arrows show MERS-CoV importations. Red arrows show the recent importation of MERS-CoV in South Korea and China. Countries involved in the importation of MERS-CoV in South Korea and China are shown in dark red.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="gr1_lrg"></graphic></fig></p><p id="para20">As of May 24, 2015, worldwide, a total of 1134 cases and 427 deaths (case fatality rate 37·7%) have been reported, according to WHO.<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr"><sup>4</sup></xref> There is no approved vaccine or treatment.</p><p id="para30">On May 11, 2015, a 68-year-old male in South Korea developed symptoms and sought medical care at a clinic between May 12–15, before admittance into hospital on May 15.<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr"><sup>4</sup></xref> The patient had been travelling between April 18–May 3 through Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. He was asymptomatic upon return to South Korea on May 4, but tested positive for MERS-CoV on May 20, along with two additional cases: his 64-year-old wife, and a 76-year-old male who was a fellow patient.<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr"><sup>4</sup></xref> Concerns of further MERS-CoV spread were confirmed when a 71-year-old male fellow patient, the daughter of the 76-year-old case, and two medical staff developed symptoms and were diagnosed with MERS-CoV infection (<xref rid="sec1" ref-type="sec">appendix</xref>). As of May 29, 2015, South Korea has 12 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV, and more than 120 additional contacts under surveillance.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref></p><p id="para40">On May 28, a 44-year-old male traveller from South Korea to Huizhou, China was admitted into hospital. MERS-CoV infection was confirmed on May 29, marking the first laboratory-confirmed case in China (<xref rid="sec1" ref-type="sec">appendix</xref>), and the patient was immediately put in isolation. This patient was the son of the 76-year-old South Korean patient. He had visited his father in the hospital on May 16, developed symptoms on May 21,<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr"><sup>6</sup></xref> and travelled to Hong Kong by plane on May 26 before arriving by road into mainland China via Shenzhen.<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr"><sup>6</sup></xref> In response, the Chinese health authorities promptly placed 38 high-risk contacts under surveillance, but it is not known whether additional contacts exist and further MERS-CoV infections in China remains a possibility.</p><p id="para50">This series of events highlighted issues with the current surveillance system put in place to prevent the importation of infectious diseases. The diagnosis for MERS-CoV infection was made on May 20 for the 76-year-old patient. His 44-year-old son should have been monitored as a close contact of the laboratory-confirmed case, with provisional quarantine and testing upon development of symptoms and isolation upon a positive diagnosis. Such a high-risk case should not be travelling until after the incubation period, which is between 2–15 days for MERS-CoV.<xref rid="bib2" ref-type="bibr"><sup>2</sup></xref> Non-compliance by the patient regarding travel advice likely contributed to this scenario.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref></p><p id="para60">These events serve as a timely reminder that natural geographical barriers against pathogens can now be easily overcome through trade and travel, and marks the first MERS-CoV import case that did not come directly from the Middle East. These developments are worrisome given that Hong Kong airport is a major international transport hub, and thus any potential infections can travel worldwide in a short time.</p><p id="para70">After dealing with several pandemic threats over the past 15 years, notably severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, H1N1 influenza in 2009, and Ebola virus in 2014–15, authorities now have ample experience in outbreak response compared with past years. In addition to the need for increased vigilance from health authorities, compliance by the public is crucial for the effective implementation of outbreak responses. Everyone is responsible for upholding the principles of public health, and must play their part to minimise the chances of disease transmission across borders.</p></body><back><ref-list id="bibl10"><title>References</title><ref id="bib1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref10"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name><name><surname>Hinedi</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Ghandour</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a case-control study of hospitalized patients</article-title><source>Clin Infect Dis</source><volume>59</volume><year>2014</year><fpage>160</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24723278</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref20"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>JF</given-names></name><name><surname>Lau</surname><given-names>SK</given-names></name><name><surname>To</surname><given-names>KK</given-names></name><name><surname>Cheng</surname><given-names>VC</given-names></name><name><surname>Woo</surname><given-names>PC</given-names></name><name><surname>Yuen</surname><given-names>KY</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease</article-title><source>Clin Microbiol Rev</source><volume>28</volume><year>2015</year><fpage>465</fpage><lpage>522</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25810418</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref30"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Azhar</surname><given-names>EI</given-names></name><name><surname>El-Kafrawy</surname><given-names>SA</given-names></name><name><surname>Farraj</surname><given-names>SA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><volume>370</volume><year>2014</year><fpage>2499</fpage><lpage>2505</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24896817</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref40"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><article-title>Global Alert and Response. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—Republic of Korea</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/24-may-2015-mers-korea/en/" id="interrefs10">http://www.who.int/csr/don/24-may-2015-mers-korea/en/</ext-link><year>May 24, 2015</year><comment>(accessed May 30, 2015).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref50"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>International Society for Infectious Diseases</collab></person-group><article-title>MERS-COV (50): South Korea, China, Saudi Arabia</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=3395374" id="interrefs20">http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=3395374</ext-link><comment>(accessed May 31, 2015).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref60"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><article-title>Global Alert and Response (GAR). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—China</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/30-may-2015-mers-china/en/" id="interrefs30">www.who.int/csr/don/30-may-2015-mers-china/en/</ext-link><year>May 30, 2015</year><comment>(accessed May 31, 2015).</comment></element-citation></ref></ref-list><sec id="sec1" sec-type="supplementary-material"><title>Supplementary Material</title><p id="para90"><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="ecomp10"><caption><title>Supplementary appendix</title></caption><media xlink:href="mmc1.pdf"></media></supplementary-material></p></sec><ack><p>We declare no competing interests.</p></ack></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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