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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Environmental Contamination and Viral Shedding in MERS Patients</title><author><name sortKey="Oh, Myoung Don" sort="Oh, Myoung Don" uniqKey="Oh M" first="Myoung-Don" last="Oh">Myoung-Don Oh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="d880e37"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27025831</idno><idno type="pmc">7108069</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108069</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7108069</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/cid/ciw178</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000862</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000862</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Environmental Contamination and Viral Shedding in MERS Patients</title><author><name sortKey="Oh, Myoung Don" sort="Oh, Myoung Don" uniqKey="Oh M" first="Myoung-Don" last="Oh">Myoung-Don Oh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="d880e37"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</title><idno type="ISSN">1058-4838</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6591</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, A" uniqKey="Mcgeer A">A McGeer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perl, Tm" uniqKey="Perl T">TM Perl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Ai" uniqKey="Zumla A">AI Zumla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oboho, Ik" uniqKey="Oboho I">IK Oboho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomczyk, Sm" uniqKey="Tomczyk S">SM Tomczyk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Asmari, Am" uniqKey="Al Asmari A">AM Al-Asmari</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oh, Md" uniqKey="Oh M">MD Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choe, Pg" uniqKey="Choe P">PG Choe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Hs" uniqKey="Oh H">HS Oh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Doremalen, N" uniqKey="Van Doremalen N">N van Doremalen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bushmaker, T" uniqKey="Bushmaker T">T Bushmaker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Munster, Vj" uniqKey="Munster V">VJ Munster</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bin, Sy" uniqKey="Bin S">SY Bin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heo, Jy" uniqKey="Heo J">JY Heo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Song, M S" uniqKey="Song M">M-S Song</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muth, D" uniqKey="Muth D">D Muth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin. Infect. Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cid</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">cid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1058-4838</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-6591</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27025831</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7108069</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/cid/ciw178</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ciw178</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Correspondence</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Environmental Contamination and Viral Shedding in MERS Patients</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>Myoung-don</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="d880e37"></xref><pmc-comment>mdohmd@snu.ac.kr </pmc-comment>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="d887e48"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="d880e37"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine</addr-line>,<institution>Seoul National University College of Medicine</institution>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><author-notes><corresp id="d887e48">Correspondence: M.-d. Oh, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea (<email>mdohmd@snu.ac.kr</email>).</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>15</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2016-03-29"><day>29</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1615</fpage><lpage>1615</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail <email>journals.permissions@oup.com</email>.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="ciw178.pdf"></self-uri><related-article related-article-type="letter" id="d35e111" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1093/cid/ciw179">10.1093/cid/ciw179</related-article></article-meta></front><body><p>T<sc>o</sc><sc>the</sc> E<sc>ditor</sc>—Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly recognized virus that can cause acute, severe respiratory infection. Although sustained human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV has not been reported in the community setting, secondary and tertiary human-to-human transmissions have been described in healthcare settings [<xref rid="CIW178C1" ref-type="bibr">1–3</xref>]. Indeed, a hospital outbreak with a large cluster of patients was the defining epidemiological characteristic in the recent outbreak of MERS-CoV in South Korea [<xref rid="CIW178C4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>, <xref rid="CIW178C5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]. Factors that contributed to the large hospital outbreaks included delay in diagnosis of the index case, overcrowding in emergency departments, movements of patients prior to diagnoses, and suboptimal infection prevention and control [<xref rid="CIW178C6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. A recent study demonstrated that MERS-CoV could survive for longer than 48 hours at 20°C and 40% relative humidity, suggesting contact or fomite transmission might occur in healthcare settings [<xref rid="CIW178C7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>].</p><p>Recently, Bin et al reported that MERS-CoV was detected by reverse transcription polymerase change reaction (RT-PCR) in specimens taken from the hospital environment [<xref rid="CIW178C8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]. They also reported that MERS-CoV was isolated from medical equipment as well as respiratory specimens. In Table 2 of their article, MERS-CoV was isolated from 3 patients (patients 2, 3, and 4), and the respiratory specimens yielding virus culture (+) were obtained at 22 days (patient 2), 22 days and 25 days (patient 3), and 18 days (patient 4) after symptom onset. In patient 3, MERS-CoV RT-PCR was negative on day 27, just 2 days after virus culture (+). These results are unusual, considering that viral load was >10<sup>7</sup> copies/mL in most respiratory samples that yielded virus isolates and virus isolation was unsuccessful in later stages of the infection [<xref rid="CIW178C9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>].</p><p>In their study, Bin et al defined virus isolation as “positive for MERS-CoV by both RT-PCR and sequencing.” However, detection of a viral gene by RT-PCR and sequencing does not necessarily mean isolation of virus because carryover of viral RNA and contamination may also yield a positive PCR result. In order to prove isolation of “viable” virus, further data, such as cytopathic effects in cell culture and electron microscopy of MERS-CoV–infected cells, is needed. Until these data are available, we should be careful to use the term “viable” or “isolate” of virus.</p></body><back><ack><title>Note</title><p><bold><italic>Potential conflict of interest.</italic></bold> Author certifies no potential conflicts of interest. The author has submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.</p></ack><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="CIW178C1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Assiri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>McGeer</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Perl</surname><given-names>TM</given-names></name><etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</article-title>. <source>N Engl J Med</source><year>2013</year>; <volume>369</volume>:<fpage>407</fpage>–<lpage>16</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23782161</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CIW178C2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Zumla</surname><given-names>AI</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Assiri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections in health care workers</article-title>. <source>N Engl J Med</source><year>2013</year>; <volume>369</volume>:<fpage>884</fpage>–<lpage>6</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23923992</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CIW178C3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Oboho</surname><given-names>IK</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Tomczyk</surname><given-names>SM</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Al-Asmari</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name><etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>2014 MERS-CoV outbreak in Jeddah—A link to health care facilities</article-title>. <source>N Engl J Med</source><year>2015</year>; <volume>372</volume>:<fpage>846</fpage>–<lpage>54</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25714162</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CIW178C4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><collab>Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</collab>. <article-title>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in the Republic of Korea, 2015</article-title>. <source>Osong Public Health Res Perspect</source><year>2015</year>; <volume>6</volume>:<fpage>269</fpage>–<lpage>78</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26473095</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CIW178C5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>MD</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Choe</surname><given-names>PG</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>HS</given-names></name><etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus superspreading event involving 81 persons, Korea 2015</article-title>. <source>J Korean Med Sci</source><year>2015</year>; <volume>30</volume>:<fpage>1701</fpage>–<lpage>5</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26539018</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CIW178C6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>. <article-title>Summary and risk assessment of current situation in Republic of Korea and China. MERS-CoV risk assessment</article-title>. <comment>Available at</comment>: <comment><uri xlink:href="http://who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/risk-assessment-19june2015/en/">http://who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/risk-assessment-19june2015/en/</uri></comment><comment>Accessed 12 February 2016</comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CIW178C7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>van Doremalen</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Bushmaker</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Munster</surname><given-names>VJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Stability of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) under different environmental conditions</article-title>. <source>Euro Surveill</source><year>2013</year>; <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.38.20590</pub-id>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CIW178C8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bin</surname><given-names>SY</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Heo</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Song</surname><given-names>M-S</given-names></name><etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Environmental contamination and viral shedding in MERS patients during MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea</article-title>. <source>Clin Infect Dis</source><year>2015</year>; <volume>62</volume>:<fpage>755</fpage>–<lpage>60</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26679623</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CIW178C9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Muth</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Corman</surname><given-names>VM</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Meyer</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><etal>et al</etal></person-group><article-title>Infectious Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus excretion and serotype variability based on live virus isolates from patients in Saudi Arabia</article-title>. <source>J Clin Microbiol</source><year>2015</year>; <volume>53</volume>:<fpage>2951</fpage>–<lpage>5</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26157150</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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