Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Emerging respiratory viral infections: MERS-CoV and influenza</title><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" sort="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J" first="Jaffar A" last="Al-Tawfiq">Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Saudi ARAMCO, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A" last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Global Centre for Mass Gathering Medicine, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24461892</idno><idno type="pmc">7129131</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7129131</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7129131</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70255-8</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000806</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000806</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Emerging respiratory viral infections: MERS-CoV and influenza</title><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" sort="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J" first="Jaffar A" last="Al-Tawfiq">Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Saudi ARAMCO, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A" last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Global Centre for Mass Gathering Medicine, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">2213-2600</idno><idno type="eISSN">2213-2619</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Ad" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">AD Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, Ra" uniqKey="Fouchier R">RA Fouchier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hijawi, B" uniqKey="Hijawi B">B Hijawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdallat, M" uniqKey="Abdallat M">M Abdallat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sayaydeh, A" uniqKey="Sayaydeh A">A Sayaydeh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rabeeah, Aa" uniqKey="Al Rabeeah A">AA Al-Rabeeah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, A" uniqKey="Mcgeer A">A McGeer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perl, Tm" uniqKey="Perl T">TM Perl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cotten, M" uniqKey="Cotten M">M Cotten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watson, Sj" uniqKey="Watson S">SJ Watson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kellam, P" uniqKey="Kellam P">P Kellam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Penttinen, Pm" uniqKey="Penttinen P">PM Penttinen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaasik Aaslav, K" uniqKey="Kaasik Aaslav K">K Kaasik-Aaslav</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friaux, A" uniqKey="Friaux A">A Friaux</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breban, R" uniqKey="Breban R">R Breban</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riou, J" uniqKey="Riou J">J Riou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fontanet, A" uniqKey="Fontanet A">A Fontanet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gao, R" uniqKey="Gao R">R Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, B" uniqKey="Cao B">B Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y Hu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Y" uniqKey="Chen Y">Y Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, W" uniqKey="Liang W">W Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, S" uniqKey="Yang S">S Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gao, Hn" uniqKey="Gao H">HN Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Hz" uniqKey="Lu H">HZ Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, B" uniqKey="Cao B">B Cao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dudley, Jp" uniqKey="Dudley J">JP Dudley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mackay, Im" uniqKey="Mackay I">IM Mackay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="discussion"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Lancet Respir Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Lancet Respir Med</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2213-2600</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2213-2619</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24461892</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7129131</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S2213-2600(13)70255-8</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70255-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Emerging respiratory viral infections: MERS-CoV and influenza</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au10"><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname><given-names>Jaffar A</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au20"><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>Ziad A</given-names></name><email>zmemish@yahoo.com</email><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref><xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">d</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Saudi ARAMCO, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>Global Centre for Mass Gathering Medicine, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>Department of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia</aff><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier Ltd</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions></article-meta></front><body><p id="para10">Each year, the world faces the rising burden of viral respiratory infections. These infections are of major importance to public health because of the lack of specific therapeutic and preventive measures, and, more specifically, the lack of vaccines for most of these viruses.<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr"><sup>1</sup></xref></p><p id="para20">In 2013, the emergence of three new respiratory viruses—varian influenza virus (H3N2v), H7N9, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—was of particular concern. These viruses all have the potential to cause widespread pandemics with substantial morbidity and mortality. The two influenza viruses (variant influenza virus and H7N9) were reported to cause, potentially severe, disease in human beings.</p><p id="para30">Infection with MERS-CoV was initially described in a patient from Saudi Arabia and then retrospectively identified in patients from Zarqa, Jordan.<xref rid="bib2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> As of Dec 2, 2013, 163 cases of infection with MERS-CoV have been reported, with 71 fatalities.<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr"><sup>4</sup></xref> MERS-CoV can cause sporadic infection, infection among families, and, of particular concern, infection among health-care workers.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref> The largest outbreak of MERS-CoV was described in Al-Hasa, the eastern province of Saudi Arabia.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref> Fever and cough was present in most cases, with shortness of breath in almost half of all cases, and gastrointestinal symptoms in about a third. A study of the largest reported outbreak of MERS-CoV<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr"><sup>6</sup></xref> estimated the median incubation period to be 5·2 days (95% CI 1·9–14·7), and reported a high rate of person-to-person transmission in 21 of 23 cases in health-care settings.<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr"><sup>6</sup></xref> Case-fatality rate was high (65%) in this outbreak.<xref rid="bib7" ref-type="bibr"><sup>7</sup></xref> Of more than 417 household and health-care contacts, symptoms of MERS-CoV developed in only seven people.<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr"><sup>6</sup></xref> A subsequent large-scale phylogenetic analysis of 21 genome sequences and inclusion of the previous nine published MERS-CoV genomes showed that multiple introductions of MERS-CoV and lower R<sub>0</sub> values were possible.<xref rid="bib7" ref-type="bibr"><sup>7</sup></xref> Thus MERS-CoV has not yet reached pandemic potential. Transmission within Saudi Arabia was consistent with movement of an animal reservoir, animal products, or infected people. The source of the infection has yet to be identified, although bats and camels have been implicated.</p><p id="para40">A clinical and epidemiological analysis of 47 cases showed that infection with MERS-CoV occurred predominantly in men,<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref> although this finding did not hold after an interim analysis of 133 cases.<xref rid="bib8" ref-type="bibr"><sup>8</sup></xref> Most patients who were initially infected with MERS-CoV had underlying comorbid medical conditions and laboratory testing showed that most of these cases had raised concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase associated with thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref> In preparation for the Hajj this year, the largest recurring religious mass gathering worldwide, the Saudi Ministry of Health recommended that certain individuals postpone their participation. Groups particularly at risk from infection include pregnant women, children younger than 12 years, adults older than 65 years, and those with chronic or acute diseases. The concern over the pandemic potential of MERS-CoV was estimated in two recent publications.<xref rid="bib9" ref-type="bibr"><sup>9</sup></xref> In one optimistic view,<xref rid="bib9" ref-type="bibr"><sup>9</sup></xref> the estimated MERS-CoV R<sub>0</sub> was 0·69 compared with the R<sub>0</sub> for prepandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus of 0·80. This optimistic estimate downplayed the possibility of a MERS-CoV pandemic, which supported the recommendations of the Third Meeting of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee,<xref rid="bib10" ref-type="bibr"><sup>10</sup></xref> that MERS-CoV does not warrant international measures to curtail Hajj-related travel. Sporadic cases MERS-CoV continue to be reported, and thus continued vigilance and further studies are needed to close the knowledge gap in MERS-CoV epidemiology and clinical presentations.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref></p><p id="para50"><fig id="f10"><graphic xlink:href="fx1_lrg"></graphic><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Pasieka/Science Photo Library</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions></fig></p><p id="para60">A novel avian-origin influenza A virus, H7N9, was initially described in human beings in China on March 30, 2013. At that time, three patients developed fatal pneumonia and were subsequently diagnosed as infected with H7N9.<xref rid="bib11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>, <xref rid="bib12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref> Since this initial description, H7N9 has resulted in 139 infections and 45 fatalities.<xref rid="bib13" ref-type="bibr"><sup>13</sup></xref> Review of the initial 111 patients with H7N9 infection<xref rid="bib14" ref-type="bibr"><sup>14</sup></xref> showed a high rate of admission to intensive-care units (76·6%) with a mortality rate of 27%. Infected patients were older adults with a median age of 61 years, with twice as many men infected than women. It is also interesting to note that most patients infected with H7N9 had a pre-existing medical condition. Subsequent analysis of 136 laboratory confirmed cases showed a mortality bias toward men older than 50 years.<xref rid="bib15" ref-type="bibr"><sup>15</sup></xref> Of the total cases, 7% were reported in individuals younger than 20 years, with no fatal cases in this age group.<xref rid="bib15" ref-type="bibr"><sup>15</sup></xref></p><p id="para70">The emergence of these viral respiratory infections (H7N9 and MERS-CoV) showed a similar initial pattern: the predominant involvement of older men and the presence of comorbid conditions in most cases. This pattern seems to be due to recognition bias, because younger cases are now being identified who have no underlying medical conditions. In facing future challenges of emerging respiratory viruses such as influenza there is a clear need for the development of effective influenza vaccines that target the conserved antigenic structures of influenza virus. Continued contact of humans with animals creates an added risk of development of zoonotic diseases, adaptation of the new virus rendering it infectious to humans, and possible efficient transmission of these viruses among the human population.</p><p id="para80">The emergence of respiratory viruses that cause significant disease in human beings is a major risk to the global economy and the health of the human population. The potential effect of newly discovered viruses calls for a better understanding of the human–animal interface, the development of rapid diagnostic tests, and effective antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies.<xref rid="bib13" ref-type="bibr"><sup>13</sup></xref> The eradication of respiratory viruses is not possible and thus the development of effective vaccines directed against the conserved antigens of these viruses would be extremely welcome. Finding predictors of severe disease and the initiation of antiviral drugs early in the course of many respiratory viral infections might prove to be beneficial.</p></body><back><ref-list id="bibl10"><title>References</title><ref id="bib1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref10"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><article-title>Research needs for the Battle against Respiratory Viruses (BRaVe)</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/influenza/patient_care/clinical/BRaVe_Research_Agenda_2013.pdf" id="interrefs10">http://www.who.int/influenza/patient_care/clinical/BRaVe_Research_Agenda_2013.pdf</ext-link><comment>(accessed Nov 18, 2013).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref20"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zaki</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name><name><surname>van Boheemen</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Bestebroer</surname><given-names>TM</given-names></name><name><surname>Osterhaus</surname><given-names>AD</given-names></name><name><surname>Fouchier</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><volume>367</volume><year>2012</year><fpage>1814</fpage><lpage>1820</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23075143</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref30"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hijawi</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Abdallat</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Sayaydeh</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Novel coronavirus infections in Jordan, April 2012: epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation</article-title><source>East Mediterr Health J</source><volume>19</volume><issue>suppl 1</issue><year>2013</year><fpage>S12</fpage><lpage>S18</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23888790</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref40"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><article-title>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - update</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_12_02/en/index.html" id="interrefs20">http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_12_02/en/index.html</ext-link><comment>(accessed Dec 7, 2013).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref50"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Assiri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Rabeeah</surname><given-names>AA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study</article-title><source>Lancet Infect Dis</source><volume>13</volume><year>2013</year><fpage>752</fpage><lpage>761</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23891402</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref60"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Assiri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>McGeer</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Perl</surname><given-names>TM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><volume>369</volume><year>2013</year><fpage>407</fpage><lpage>416</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23782161</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref70"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cotten</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Watson</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Kellam</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Transmission and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study</article-title><source>Lancet</source><year>2013</year><comment>published online Sept 20.</comment><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61887-5</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref80"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Penttinen</surname><given-names>PM</given-names></name><name><surname>Kaasik-Aaslav</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Friaux</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Taking stock of the first 133 MERS coronavirus cases globally—is the epidemic changing?</article-title><source>Euro Surveill</source><volume>18</volume><year>2013</year><fpage>20596</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24094061</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref90"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Breban</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Riou</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Fontanet</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Interhuman transmissibility of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: estimation of pandemic risk</article-title><source>Lancet</source><volume>382</volume><year>2013</year><fpage>694</fpage><lpage>699</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23831141</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref100"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><article-title>WHO statement on the third meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee concerning MERS-CoV</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2013/mers_cov_20130925/en/index.html" id="interrefs40">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2013/mers_cov_20130925/en/index.html</ext-link><comment>(accessed Nov 29, 2013).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref110"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><volume>368</volume><year>2013</year><fpage>1888</fpage><lpage>1897</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23577628</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib12"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref120"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Human infections with the emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus from wet market poultry: clinical analysis and characterization of viral genome</article-title><source>Lancet</source><volume>381</volume><year>2013</year><fpage>1916</fpage><lpage>1925</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23623390</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib13"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref130"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><article-title>Number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) reported to WHO. Report 9—data in WHO/HQ as of 12 August 2013, 14:45 GMT+1</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/influenza_h7n9/09_ReportWebH7N9Number.pdf" id="interrefs50">http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/influenza_h7n9/09_ReportWebH7N9Number.pdf</ext-link><comment>(accessed Nov 18, 2013).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib14"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref140"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>HN</given-names></name><name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>HZ</given-names></name><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Clinical findings in 111 cases of influenza A (H7N9) virus infection</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><volume>368</volume><year>2013</year><fpage>2277</fpage><lpage>2285</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23697469</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib15"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref150"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dudley</surname><given-names>JP</given-names></name><name><surname>Mackay</surname><given-names>IM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Age-specific and sex-specific morbidity and mortality from avian influenza A(H7N9)</article-title><source>J Clin Virol</source><volume>58</volume><year>2013</year><fpage>568</fpage><lpage>570</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24091087</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list><ack><p>We declare that we have no conflicts of interest.</p></ack></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000806 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000806 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= MersV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé=
|texte=
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |