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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A48 Identification and full-genome characterization of Alpha- and Beta-Coronaviruses viruses from bats in Italy</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Sabato, L" sort="De Sabato, L" uniqKey="De Sabato L" first="L" last="De Sabato">L. De Sabato</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF1">Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF2">Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaccari, G" sort="Vaccari, G" uniqKey="Vaccari G" first="G" last="Vaccari">G. Vaccari</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF1">Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lelli, D" sort="Lelli, D" uniqKey="Lelli D" first="D" last="Lelli">D. Lelli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF3">Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lavazza, A" sort="Lavazza, A" uniqKey="Lavazza A" first="A" last="Lavazza">A. Lavazza</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF3">Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castrucci, M R" sort="Castrucci, M R" uniqKey="Castrucci M" first="M R" last="Castrucci">M R Castrucci</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF1">Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreno, A" sort="Moreno, A" uniqKey="Moreno A" first="A" last="Moreno">A. Moreno</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF3">Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmc">6735706</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6735706</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:6735706</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/ve/vez002.047</idno>
<idno type="pmid">NONE</idno>
<date when="2019">2019</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A48 Identification and full-genome characterization of Alpha- and Beta-Coronaviruses viruses from bats in Italy</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Sabato, L" sort="De Sabato, L" uniqKey="De Sabato L" first="L" last="De Sabato">L. De Sabato</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF1">Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF2">Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaccari, G" sort="Vaccari, G" uniqKey="Vaccari G" first="G" last="Vaccari">G. Vaccari</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF1">Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lelli, D" sort="Lelli, D" uniqKey="Lelli D" first="D" last="Lelli">D. Lelli</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF3">Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lavazza, A" sort="Lavazza, A" uniqKey="Lavazza A" first="A" last="Lavazza">A. Lavazza</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF3">Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castrucci, M R" sort="Castrucci, M R" uniqKey="Castrucci M" first="M R" last="Castrucci">M R Castrucci</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF1">Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreno, A" sort="Moreno, A" uniqKey="Moreno A" first="A" last="Moreno">A. Moreno</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="vez002.047-AFF3">Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Virus Evolution</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2057-1577</idno>
<imprint><date when="2019">2019</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
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</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Abstract</title>
<p>Bats are the natural reservoir of Coronaviruses (CoVs). Human CoVs cause mild respiratory diseases worldwide, but, in the last decade, two Beta-CoVs [Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome] caused thousands of deaths and cases worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the evolutionary origin of mammalian CoVs is derived from bats. In this study, we characterized three Alpha-CoVs and two Beta-CoVs demonstrating the circulation of bat strains in Italy. Isolates were sequenced using a next-generation sequencing approach and genomes reconstructed using the online tool Galaxy Aries. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using MEGA7 and MrBayes. Similarity plots were generated using SSE v1.2. The structure of the receptor binding domain (RBD) in the S protein was predicted by sequence-homology method using the protein data bank. Bioinformatics analysis permitted the identification of 2 Beta-CoV complete genomes of 30 kb and three Alpha-CoV of 28 kb (named BatCoV-ITA1-5). BatCoV-ITA1 and 2 formed a monophyletic group with MERS-CoV sequences. The comparison of the concatenated domains within ORF1ab confirmed their classification into the MERS-CoV species. The 3D structure of RBD of Italian strains showed two amino acid deletions located in a region corresponding to the external subdomain of MERS-RBD. BatCoV-Ita3 and BatCoV-Ita4/5 were classified into two novel Alpha-CoV species by comparison of concatenated domains within ORF1ab. Due to the high divergence with the Alpha human spike protein strains, it was impossible to establish the protein structure and the potential affinity to human receptor. The Italian strains showed the typical organization of Alpha and Beta-CoVs. We reported two Beta-CoVs closely related to MERS-CoVs from bats belonging to common Italian species (<italic>Pipistrellus kuhlii</italic>
and <italic>Hypsugo savii</italic>
). The analysis of the RBD in the spike protein indicates significant differences from human RBD known to date. The three Alpha-CoV strains were classified into two novel species, confirming the high heterogeneity of CoV strains in bats. Although the studies conducted cannot confirm a risk for humans, surveillance studies are needed to investigate the genetic diversity of CoVs in bats. Because this exceeds what is known for other hosts, it is compatible with bats being the major reservoir of mammalian CoVs.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="abstract"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virus Evol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virus Evol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vevolu</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Virus Evolution</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2057-1577</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6735706</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ve/vez002.047</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">vez002.047</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstract Overview</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>A48 Identification and full-genome characterization of Alpha- and Beta-Coronaviruses viruses from bats in Italy</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De Sabato</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="vez002.047-AFF1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="vez002.047-AFF2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vaccari</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="vez002.047-AFF1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lelli</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="vez002.047-AFF3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lavazza</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="vez002.047-AFF3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Castrucci</surname>
<given-names>M R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="vez002.047-AFF1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moreno</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="vez002.047-AFF3">3</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="vez002.047-AFF1"><label>1</label>
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy</aff>
<aff id="vez002.047-AFF2"><label>2</label>
Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy</aff>
<aff id="vez002.047-AFF3"><label>3</label>
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>8</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2019-08-22"><day>22</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>22</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the . </pmc-comment>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>Suppl 1</issue>
<issue-title>23rd International BioInformatics Workshop on Virus Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology</issue-title>
<elocation-id>vez002.047</elocation-id>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Published by Oxford University Press.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<license license-type="cc-by-nc" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link>
), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="vez002.047.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><title>Abstract</title>
<p>Bats are the natural reservoir of Coronaviruses (CoVs). Human CoVs cause mild respiratory diseases worldwide, but, in the last decade, two Beta-CoVs [Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome] caused thousands of deaths and cases worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the evolutionary origin of mammalian CoVs is derived from bats. In this study, we characterized three Alpha-CoVs and two Beta-CoVs demonstrating the circulation of bat strains in Italy. Isolates were sequenced using a next-generation sequencing approach and genomes reconstructed using the online tool Galaxy Aries. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using MEGA7 and MrBayes. Similarity plots were generated using SSE v1.2. The structure of the receptor binding domain (RBD) in the S protein was predicted by sequence-homology method using the protein data bank. Bioinformatics analysis permitted the identification of 2 Beta-CoV complete genomes of 30 kb and three Alpha-CoV of 28 kb (named BatCoV-ITA1-5). BatCoV-ITA1 and 2 formed a monophyletic group with MERS-CoV sequences. The comparison of the concatenated domains within ORF1ab confirmed their classification into the MERS-CoV species. The 3D structure of RBD of Italian strains showed two amino acid deletions located in a region corresponding to the external subdomain of MERS-RBD. BatCoV-Ita3 and BatCoV-Ita4/5 were classified into two novel Alpha-CoV species by comparison of concatenated domains within ORF1ab. Due to the high divergence with the Alpha human spike protein strains, it was impossible to establish the protein structure and the potential affinity to human receptor. The Italian strains showed the typical organization of Alpha and Beta-CoVs. We reported two Beta-CoVs closely related to MERS-CoVs from bats belonging to common Italian species (<italic>Pipistrellus kuhlii</italic>
and <italic>Hypsugo savii</italic>
). The analysis of the RBD in the spike protein indicates significant differences from human RBD known to date. The three Alpha-CoV strains were classified into two novel species, confirming the high heterogeneity of CoV strains in bats. Although the studies conducted cannot confirm a risk for humans, surveillance studies are needed to investigate the genetic diversity of CoVs in bats. Because this exceeds what is known for other hosts, it is compatible with bats being the major reservoir of mammalian CoVs.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="1"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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