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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013</title><author><name sortKey="Barasheed, Osamah" sort="Barasheed, Osamah" uniqKey="Barasheed O" first="Osamah" last="Barasheed">Osamah Barasheed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rashid, Harunor" sort="Rashid, Harunor" uniqKey="Rashid H" first="Harunor" last="Rashid">Harunor Rashid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alfelali, Mohammad" sort="Alfelali, Mohammad" uniqKey="Alfelali M" first="Mohammad" last="Alfelali">Mohammad Alfelali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412125.1</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106191117</institution-id><institution>Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>King Abdulaziz University,</institution></institution-wrap>Rabigh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tashani, Mohamed" sort="Tashani, Mohamed" uniqKey="Tashani M" first="Mohamed" last="Tashani">Mohamed Tashani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Azeem, Mohammad" sort="Azeem, Mohammad" uniqKey="Azeem M" first="Mohammad" last="Azeem">Mohammad Azeem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bokhary, Hamid" sort="Bokhary, Hamid" uniqKey="Bokhary H" first="Hamid" last="Bokhary">Hamid Bokhary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412832.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000091376644</institution-id><institution>The Custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research,</institution><institution>Umm Al-Qura University,</institution></institution-wrap>Makkah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalantan, Nadeen" sort="Kalantan, Nadeen" uniqKey="Kalantan N" first="Nadeen" last="Kalantan">Nadeen Kalantan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415254.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000417907311</institution-id><institution>King Abdulaziz Medical City,</institution></institution-wrap>Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samkari, Jamil" sort="Samkari, Jamil" uniqKey="Samkari J" first="Jamil" last="Samkari">Jamil Samkari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412125.1</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106191117</institution-id><institution>Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>King Abdulaziz University,</institution></institution-wrap>Rabigh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heron, Leon" sort="Heron, Leon" uniqKey="Heron L" first="Leon" last="Heron">Leon Heron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kok, Jen" sort="Kok, Jen" uniqKey="Kok J" first="Jen" last="Kok">Jen Kok</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413252.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000101806477</institution-id><institution>Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,</institution><institution>Westmead Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Janette" sort="Taylor, Janette" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="Janette" last="Taylor">Janette Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413252.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000101806477</institution-id><institution>Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,</institution><institution>Westmead Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Bashir, Haitham" sort="El Bashir, Haitham" uniqKey="El Bashir H" first="Haitham" last="El Bashir">Haitham El Bashir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413548.f</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000040571546X</institution-id><institution>Hamad Medical Corporation,</institution></institution-wrap>Doha, Qatar</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A." last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415696.9</institution-id><institution>Ministry of Health,</institution></institution-wrap>Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haworth, Elizabeth" sort="Haworth, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Haworth E" first="Elizabeth" last="Haworth">Elizabeth Haworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415330.0</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000095103483</institution-id><institution>Menzies Research Institute Tasmania,</institution></institution-wrap>Hobart, Tasmania Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Edward C" sort="Holmes, Edward C" uniqKey="Holmes E" first="Edward C." last="Holmes">Edward C. Holmes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Sydney Medical School,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney c,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dwyer, Dominic E" sort="Dwyer, Dominic E" uniqKey="Dwyer D" first="Dominic E." last="Dwyer">Dominic E. Dwyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413252.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000101806477</institution-id><institution>Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,</institution><institution>Westmead Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Sydney Medical School,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney c,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asghar, Atif" sort="Asghar, Atif" uniqKey="Asghar A" first="Atif" last="Asghar">Atif Asghar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412832.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000091376644</institution-id><institution>The Custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research,</institution><institution>Umm Al-Qura University,</institution></institution-wrap>Makkah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Booy, Robert" sort="Booy, Robert" uniqKey="Booy R" first="Robert" last="Booy">Robert Booy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Sydney Medical School,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney c,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25413828</idno><idno type="pmc">7090649</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090649</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7090649</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s12250-014-3507-x</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000485</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000485</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013</title><author><name sortKey="Barasheed, Osamah" sort="Barasheed, Osamah" uniqKey="Barasheed O" first="Osamah" last="Barasheed">Osamah Barasheed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rashid, Harunor" sort="Rashid, Harunor" uniqKey="Rashid H" first="Harunor" last="Rashid">Harunor Rashid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alfelali, Mohammad" sort="Alfelali, Mohammad" uniqKey="Alfelali M" first="Mohammad" last="Alfelali">Mohammad Alfelali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412125.1</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106191117</institution-id><institution>Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>King Abdulaziz University,</institution></institution-wrap>Rabigh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tashani, Mohamed" sort="Tashani, Mohamed" uniqKey="Tashani M" first="Mohamed" last="Tashani">Mohamed Tashani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Azeem, Mohammad" sort="Azeem, Mohammad" uniqKey="Azeem M" first="Mohammad" last="Azeem">Mohammad Azeem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bokhary, Hamid" sort="Bokhary, Hamid" uniqKey="Bokhary H" first="Hamid" last="Bokhary">Hamid Bokhary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412832.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000091376644</institution-id><institution>The Custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research,</institution><institution>Umm Al-Qura University,</institution></institution-wrap>Makkah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalantan, Nadeen" sort="Kalantan, Nadeen" uniqKey="Kalantan N" first="Nadeen" last="Kalantan">Nadeen Kalantan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415254.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000417907311</institution-id><institution>King Abdulaziz Medical City,</institution></institution-wrap>Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samkari, Jamil" sort="Samkari, Jamil" uniqKey="Samkari J" first="Jamil" last="Samkari">Jamil Samkari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412125.1</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106191117</institution-id><institution>Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>King Abdulaziz University,</institution></institution-wrap>Rabigh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heron, Leon" sort="Heron, Leon" uniqKey="Heron L" first="Leon" last="Heron">Leon Heron</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kok, Jen" sort="Kok, Jen" uniqKey="Kok J" first="Jen" last="Kok">Jen Kok</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413252.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000101806477</institution-id><institution>Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,</institution><institution>Westmead Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Janette" sort="Taylor, Janette" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="Janette" last="Taylor">Janette Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413252.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000101806477</institution-id><institution>Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,</institution><institution>Westmead Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Bashir, Haitham" sort="El Bashir, Haitham" uniqKey="El Bashir H" first="Haitham" last="El Bashir">Haitham El Bashir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413548.f</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000040571546X</institution-id><institution>Hamad Medical Corporation,</institution></institution-wrap>Doha, Qatar</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A." last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415696.9</institution-id><institution>Ministry of Health,</institution></institution-wrap>Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haworth, Elizabeth" sort="Haworth, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Haworth E" first="Elizabeth" last="Haworth">Elizabeth Haworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415330.0</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000095103483</institution-id><institution>Menzies Research Institute Tasmania,</institution></institution-wrap>Hobart, Tasmania Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Edward C" sort="Holmes, Edward C" uniqKey="Holmes E" first="Edward C." last="Holmes">Edward C. Holmes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Sydney Medical School,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney c,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dwyer, Dominic E" sort="Dwyer, Dominic E" uniqKey="Dwyer D" first="Dominic E." last="Dwyer">Dominic E. Dwyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413252.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000101806477</institution-id><institution>Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,</institution><institution>Westmead Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Sydney Medical School,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney c,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asghar, Atif" sort="Asghar, Atif" uniqKey="Asghar A" first="Atif" last="Asghar">Atif Asghar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412832.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000091376644</institution-id><institution>The Custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research,</institution><institution>Umm Al-Qura University,</institution></institution-wrap>Makkah, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Booy, Robert" sort="Booy, Robert" uniqKey="Booy R" first="Robert" last="Booy">Robert Booy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Sydney Medical School,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney c,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Virologica Sinica</title><idno type="ISSN">1674-0769</idno><idno type="eISSN">1995-820X</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj’ which is the world’s the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-CoV at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses (ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038 (11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49 (44%) were male and 35 (31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two (38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28 (25%) rhinovirus, 5 (4%) influenza A, 2 (2%) adenovirus, 2 (2%) human coronavirus OC43/229E, 2 (2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1 (1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2 (2%) dual infections. No MERS-CoV was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, J A" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">J A Al-Tawfiq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z A" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z A Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alborzi, A" uniqKey="Alborzi A">A Alborzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aelami, M H" uniqKey="Aelami M">M H Aelami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ziyaeyan, M" uniqKey="Ziyaeyan M">M Ziyaeyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jamalidoust, M" uniqKey="Jamalidoust M">M Jamalidoust</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moeini, M" uniqKey="Moeini M">M Moeini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pourabbas, B" uniqKey="Pourabbas B">B Pourabbas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abbasian, A" uniqKey="Abbasian A">A 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virol Sin</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virol Sin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Virologica Sinica</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1674-0769</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-820X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Heidelberg</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25413828</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7090649</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3507</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12250-014-3507-x</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Barasheed</surname><given-names>Osamah</given-names></name><address><phone>+61-98451433</phone><fax>+61-2-98451418</fax><email>osamah.barasheed@health.nsw.gov.au</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rashid</surname><given-names>Harunor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alfelali</surname><given-names>Mohammad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tashani</surname><given-names>Mohamed</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Azeem</surname><given-names>Mohammad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bokhary</surname><given-names>Hamid</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalantan</surname><given-names>Nadeen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Samkari</surname><given-names>Jamil</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heron</surname><given-names>Leon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kok</surname><given-names>Jen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>Janette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>El Bashir</surname><given-names>Haitham</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>Ziad A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haworth</surname><given-names>Elizabeth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holmes</surname><given-names>Edward C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dwyer</surname><given-names>Dominic E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Asghar</surname><given-names>Atif</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Booy</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>Hajj Research Team</collab></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413973.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000009690854X</institution-id><institution>National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS),</institution><institution>The Children’s Hospital at Westmead,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412125.1</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106191117</institution-id><institution>Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,</institution><institution>King Abdulaziz University,</institution></institution-wrap>Rabigh, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412832.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000091376644</institution-id><institution>The Custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research,</institution><institution>Umm Al-Qura University,</institution></institution-wrap>Makkah, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415254.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000417907311</institution-id><institution>King Abdulaziz Medical City,</institution></institution-wrap>Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413252.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000101806477</institution-id><institution>Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,</institution><institution>Westmead Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</aff><aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413548.f</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000040571546X</institution-id><institution>Hamad Medical Corporation,</institution></institution-wrap>Doha, Qatar</aff><aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415696.9</institution-id><institution>Ministry of Health,</institution></institution-wrap>Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="Aff8"><label>8</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415330.0</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000095103483</institution-id><institution>Menzies Research Institute Tasmania,</institution></institution-wrap>Hobart, Tasmania Australia</aff><aff id="Aff9"><label>9</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Sydney Medical School,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney c,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</aff><aff id="Aff10"><label>10</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1013.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936834X</institution-id><institution>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity,</institution><institution>The University of Sydney,</institution></institution-wrap>Sydney, NSW Australia</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>364</fpage><lpage>371</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>26</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>3</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014</copyright-statement><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj’ which is the world’s the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-CoV at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses (ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038 (11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49 (44%) were male and 35 (31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two (38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28 (25%) rhinovirus, 5 (4%) influenza A, 2 (2%) adenovirus, 2 (2%) human coronavirus OC43/229E, 2 (2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1 (1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2 (2%) dual infections. No MERS-CoV was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Hajj</kwd><kwd>influenza-like illness</kwd><kwd>mass gathering</kwd><kwd>MERS-CoV</kwd><kwd>pilgrim</kwd><kwd>respiratory infections</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><back><fn-group><fn><p>Hajj Research Team: [Ibtihal Malawi, Ebtehal Matar, Abrar Tawakoul, Abrar ALnami, Atheer Alshareif, Israa Kalantan, Asal Arbaeen, Eatimad Alalawi, Afnan AlGhamdi, Amani Koshak, Ameerah Alkhaldi, Enasm Al-Nami, Anwar Howsawi, Bashaier Fairaq, Bushra Maghrabi, Tafaol Murad, Hanan Alzahrani, Kholood Almehmadi, Doaa Milibari, Rehab Hafiz, Rawdhah Kalantan, Shahad Al-Ansari, Aeshah 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