Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Infections in travellers returning to Turkey from the Arabian peninsula: a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study</title><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" sort="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H" first="H." last="Erdem">H. Erdem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413460.4</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107206034</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Gulhane Medical Academy,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ak, O" sort="Ak, O" uniqKey="Ak O" first="O." last="Ak">O. Ak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.414850.c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406428921</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elaldi, N" sort="Elaldi, N" uniqKey="Elaldi N" first="N." last="Elaldi">N. Elaldi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411689.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122594311</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Sivas, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirdal, T" sort="Demirdal, T" uniqKey="Demirdal T" first="T." last="Demirdal">T. Demirdal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411795.f</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404549420</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Katip Celebi University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, S" sort="Hargreaves, S" uniqKey="Hargreaves S" first="S." last="Hargreaves">S. Hargreaves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7445.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121138111</institution-id><institution>International Health Unit, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity,</institution><institution>Imperial College London,</institution></institution-wrap>Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nemli, S A" sort="Nemli, S A" uniqKey="Nemli S" first="S. A." last="Nemli">S. A. Nemli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411795.f</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404549420</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Katip Celebi University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cag, Y" sort="Cag, Y" uniqKey="Cag Y" first="Y." last="Cag">Y. Cag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411776.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000040454921X</institution-id><institution>Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Medeniyet University,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulug, M" sort="Ulug, M" uniqKey="Ulug M" first="M." last="Ulug">M. Ulug</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Private Umit Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naz, H" sort="Naz, H" uniqKey="Naz H" first="H." last="Naz">H. Naz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kocaeli State Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunal, O" sort="Gunal, O" uniqKey="Gunal O" first="O." last="Gunal">O. Gunal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sirmatel, F" sort="Sirmatel, F" uniqKey="Sirmatel F" first="F." last="Sirmatel">F. Sirmatel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411082.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107203140</institution-id><institution>School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Abant Izzet Baysal University,</institution></institution-wrap>Bolu, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sipahi, O R" sort="Sipahi, O R" uniqKey="Sipahi O" first="O. R." last="Sipahi">O. R. Sipahi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8302.9</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000110922592</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Ege University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alpat, S N" sort="Alpat, S N" uniqKey="Alpat S" first="S. N." last="Alpat">S. N. Alpat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.164274.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000405962460</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Osmangazi University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Eskisehir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ertem Tuncer, G" sort="Ertem Tuncer, G" uniqKey="Ertem Tuncer G" first="G." last="Ertem-Tuncer">G. Ertem-Tuncer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413783.a</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406426432</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Ankara Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sozen, H" sort="Sozen, H" uniqKey="Sozen H" first="H." last="Sozen">H. Sozen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411861.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107033794</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Mugla Sitki Kocman University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Mugla, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evlice, O" sort="Evlice, O" uniqKey="Evlice O" first="O." last="Evlice">O. Evlice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.414850.c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406428921</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meric Koc, M" sort="Meric Koc, M" uniqKey="Meric Koc M" first="M." last="Meric-Koc">M. Meric-Koc</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff15"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411105.0</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106919040</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Kocaeli University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmit, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dogru, A" sort="Dogru, A" uniqKey="Dogru A" first="A." last="Dogru">A. Dogru</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411776.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000040454921X</institution-id><institution>Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Medeniyet University,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koksaldi Motor, V" sort="Koksaldi Motor, V" uniqKey="Koksaldi Motor V" first="V." last="Koksaldi-Motor">V. Koksaldi-Motor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.14352.31</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106807823</institution-id><institution>Tayfur Ata Sokmen School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Mustafa Kemal University,</institution></institution-wrap>Hatay, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tekin, R" sort="Tekin, R" uniqKey="Tekin R" first="R." last="Tekin">R. Tekin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff17"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411690.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000114565625</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Dicle University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Diyarbakir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ozdemir, D" sort="Ozdemir, D" uniqKey="Ozdemir D" first="D." last="Ozdemir">D. Ozdemir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412121.5</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000117103792</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Duzce University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Konuralp, Duzce Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ozturk Engin, D" sort="Ozturk Engin, D" uniqKey="Ozturk Engin D" first="D." last="Ozturk-Engin">D. Ozturk-Engin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413790.8</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406427320</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Savasci, U" sort="Savasci, U" uniqKey="Savasci U" first="U." last="Savasci">U. Savasci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413460.4</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107206034</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Gulhane Medical Academy,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karagoz, E" sort="Karagoz, E" uniqKey="Karagoz E" first="E." last="Karagoz">E. Karagoz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Military Hospital, Van, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cekli, Y" sort="Cekli, Y" uniqKey="Cekli Y" first="Y." last="Cekli">Y. Cekli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413460.4</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107206034</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Gulhane Medical Academy,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inan, A" sort="Inan, A" uniqKey="Inan A" first="A." last="Inan">A. Inan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413790.8</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406427320</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26964538</idno><idno type="pmc">7087946</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087946</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7087946</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s10096-016-2614-z</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000364</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000364</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Infections in travellers returning to Turkey from the Arabian peninsula: a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study</title><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" sort="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H" first="H." last="Erdem">H. Erdem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413460.4</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107206034</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Gulhane Medical Academy,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ak, O" sort="Ak, O" uniqKey="Ak O" first="O." last="Ak">O. Ak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.414850.c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406428921</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elaldi, N" sort="Elaldi, N" uniqKey="Elaldi N" first="N." last="Elaldi">N. Elaldi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411689.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122594311</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Sivas, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demirdal, T" sort="Demirdal, T" uniqKey="Demirdal T" first="T." last="Demirdal">T. Demirdal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411795.f</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404549420</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Katip Celebi University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, S" sort="Hargreaves, S" uniqKey="Hargreaves S" first="S." last="Hargreaves">S. Hargreaves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7445.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121138111</institution-id><institution>International Health Unit, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity,</institution><institution>Imperial College London,</institution></institution-wrap>Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nemli, S A" sort="Nemli, S A" uniqKey="Nemli S" first="S. A." last="Nemli">S. A. Nemli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411795.f</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404549420</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Katip Celebi University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cag, Y" sort="Cag, Y" uniqKey="Cag Y" first="Y." last="Cag">Y. Cag</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411776.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000040454921X</institution-id><institution>Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Medeniyet University,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulug, M" sort="Ulug, M" uniqKey="Ulug M" first="M." last="Ulug">M. Ulug</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Private Umit Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naz, H" sort="Naz, H" uniqKey="Naz H" first="H." last="Naz">H. Naz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kocaeli State Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunal, O" sort="Gunal, O" uniqKey="Gunal O" first="O." last="Gunal">O. Gunal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sirmatel, F" sort="Sirmatel, F" uniqKey="Sirmatel F" first="F." last="Sirmatel">F. Sirmatel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411082.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107203140</institution-id><institution>School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Abant Izzet Baysal University,</institution></institution-wrap>Bolu, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sipahi, O R" sort="Sipahi, O R" uniqKey="Sipahi O" first="O. R." last="Sipahi">O. R. Sipahi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8302.9</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000110922592</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Ege University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alpat, S N" sort="Alpat, S N" uniqKey="Alpat S" first="S. N." last="Alpat">S. N. Alpat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.164274.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000405962460</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Osmangazi University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Eskisehir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ertem Tuncer, G" sort="Ertem Tuncer, G" uniqKey="Ertem Tuncer G" first="G." last="Ertem-Tuncer">G. Ertem-Tuncer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413783.a</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406426432</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Ankara Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sozen, H" sort="Sozen, H" uniqKey="Sozen H" first="H." last="Sozen">H. Sozen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411861.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107033794</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Mugla Sitki Kocman University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Mugla, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evlice, O" sort="Evlice, O" uniqKey="Evlice O" first="O." last="Evlice">O. Evlice</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.414850.c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406428921</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meric Koc, M" sort="Meric Koc, M" uniqKey="Meric Koc M" first="M." last="Meric-Koc">M. Meric-Koc</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff15"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411105.0</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106919040</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Kocaeli University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmit, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dogru, A" sort="Dogru, A" uniqKey="Dogru A" first="A." last="Dogru">A. Dogru</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411776.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000040454921X</institution-id><institution>Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Medeniyet University,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koksaldi Motor, V" sort="Koksaldi Motor, V" uniqKey="Koksaldi Motor V" first="V." last="Koksaldi-Motor">V. Koksaldi-Motor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.14352.31</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106807823</institution-id><institution>Tayfur Ata Sokmen School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Mustafa Kemal University,</institution></institution-wrap>Hatay, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tekin, R" sort="Tekin, R" uniqKey="Tekin R" first="R." last="Tekin">R. Tekin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff17"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411690.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000114565625</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Dicle University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Diyarbakir, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ozdemir, D" sort="Ozdemir, D" uniqKey="Ozdemir D" first="D." last="Ozdemir">D. Ozdemir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412121.5</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000117103792</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Duzce University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Konuralp, Duzce Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ozturk Engin, D" sort="Ozturk Engin, D" uniqKey="Ozturk Engin D" first="D." last="Ozturk-Engin">D. Ozturk-Engin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413790.8</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406427320</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Savasci, U" sort="Savasci, U" uniqKey="Savasci U" first="U." last="Savasci">U. Savasci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413460.4</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107206034</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Gulhane Medical Academy,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karagoz, E" sort="Karagoz, E" uniqKey="Karagoz E" first="E." last="Karagoz">E. Karagoz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Military Hospital, Van, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cekli, Y" sort="Cekli, Y" uniqKey="Cekli Y" first="Y." last="Cekli">Y. Cekli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413460.4</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107206034</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Gulhane Medical Academy,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inan, A" sort="Inan, A" uniqKey="Inan A" first="A." last="Inan">A. Inan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413790.8</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406427320</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">0934-9723</idno><idno type="eISSN">1435-4373</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">Mass gatherings pooling people from different parts of the world—the largest of which is to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, for Hajj—may impose risks for acquisition and dissemination of infectious diseases. A substantial number of pilgrims to Hajj and Umrah are Turkish citizens (456,000 in 2014) but data are lacking on scale of the problem. We did a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study in Turkey to explore the range of infections among inpatients who had recently returned from the Arabian Peninsula. Our inclusion criteria were patients who had acquired an infection during their trip to an Arabian Peninsula country, or who became symptomatic within 1 week of their return. The data were collected retrospectively for January 1, 2013 and March 1, 2015. 185 Turkish patients were recruited to the study across 15 referral centers with travel associated infectious diseases after returning from Arabian Peninsula countries (predominantly Saudi Arabia 163 [88.1 %] for religious purposes 162 [87.5 %]). Seventy four (40.0 %) of them were ≥ 65 years old with numerous comorbidities including diabetes (24.3 %) and COPD (14.1 %). The most common clinical diagnosis was respiratory tract infections (169 [91.5 %]), followed by diarrheal diseases (13 [7 %]), and there was one case of MERS-CoV. Patients spent a median of 5 (3–7) days as hospital inpatients and overall mortality was 1.1 %. Returning travellers from the Arabian Peninsula present as inpatients with a broad range of infectious diseases similar to common community acquired infections frequently seen in daily medical practices in Turkey.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Freedman, Do" uniqKey="Freedman D">DO Freedman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weld, Lh" uniqKey="Weld L">LH Weld</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kozarsky, Pe" uniqKey="Kozarsky P">PE Kozarsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fisk, T" uniqKey="Fisk T">T Fisk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robins, R" uniqKey="Robins R">R Robins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Von Sonnenburg, F" uniqKey="Von Sonnenburg F">F von Sonnenburg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keystone, Js" uniqKey="Keystone J">JS Keystone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pandey, P" uniqKey="Pandey P">P Pandey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cetron, Ms" uniqKey="Cetron M">MS Cetron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hill, Dr" uniqKey="Hill D">DR Hill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steffen, R" uniqKey="Steffen R">R Steffen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rickenbach, M" uniqKey="Rickenbach M">M Rickenbach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilhelm, U" uniqKey="Wilhelm U">U Wilhelm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Helminger, A" uniqKey="Helminger A">A Helminger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schar, M" uniqKey="Schar M">M Schar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alhakeem, Rf" uniqKey="Alhakeem R">RF Alhakeem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turkestani, A" uniqKey="Turkestani A">A Turkestani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Harby, Kd" uniqKey="Al Harby K">KD Al Harby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alyemni, M" uniqKey="Alyemni M">M Alyemni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dhafar, K" uniqKey="Dhafar K">K Dhafar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gautret, P" uniqKey="Gautret P">P Gautret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barbeschi, M" uniqKey="Barbeschi M">M Barbeschi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccloskey, B" uniqKey="Mccloskey B">B McCloskey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heymann, D" uniqKey="Heymann D">D Heymann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rabeeah, Aa" uniqKey="Al Rabeeah A">AA Al Rabeeah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olaitan, Ao" uniqKey="Olaitan A">AO Olaitan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dia, Nm" uniqKey="Dia N">NM Dia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gautret, P" uniqKey="Gautret P">P Gautret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benkouiten, S" uniqKey="Benkouiten S">S Benkouiten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belhouchat, K" uniqKey="Belhouchat K">K Belhouchat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drali, T" uniqKey="Drali T">T Drali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, P" uniqKey="Parola P">P Parola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, P" uniqKey="Brouqui P">P Brouqui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, D" uniqKey="Raoult D">D Raoult</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jm" uniqKey="Rolain J">JM Rolain</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Verhoeven, Po" uniqKey="Verhoeven P">PO Verhoeven</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gautret, P" uniqKey="Gautret P">P Gautret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haddar, Ch" uniqKey="Haddar C">CH Haddar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benkouiten, S" uniqKey="Benkouiten S">S Benkouiten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gagnaire, J" uniqKey="Gagnaire J">J Gagnaire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belhouchat, K" uniqKey="Belhouchat K">K Belhouchat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grattard, F" uniqKey="Grattard F">F Grattard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charrel, R" uniqKey="Charrel R">R Charrel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pozzetto, B" uniqKey="Pozzetto B">B Pozzetto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drali, T" uniqKey="Drali T">T Drali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lucht, F" uniqKey="Lucht F">F Lucht</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, P" uniqKey="Brouqui P">P Brouqui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berthelot, P" uniqKey="Berthelot P">P Berthelot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Botelho Nevers, E" uniqKey="Botelho Nevers E">E Botelho-Nevers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gul, Hc" uniqKey="Gul H">HC Gul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H">H Erdem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morris, Ps" uniqKey="Morris P">PS Morris</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mandell, La" uniqKey="Mandell L">LA Mandell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wunderink, Rg" uniqKey="Wunderink R">RG Wunderink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anzueto, A" uniqKey="Anzueto A">A Anzueto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bartlett, Jg" uniqKey="Bartlett J">JG Bartlett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campbell, Gd" uniqKey="Campbell G">GD Campbell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dean, Nc" uniqKey="Dean N">NC Dean</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dowell, Sf" uniqKey="Dowell S">SF Dowell</name></author><author><name sortKey="File, Tm" uniqKey="File T">TM File</name></author><author><name sortKey="Musher, Dm" uniqKey="Musher D">DM Musher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niederman, Ms" uniqKey="Niederman M">MS Niederman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torres, A" uniqKey="Torres A">A Torres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitney, Cg" uniqKey="Whitney C">CG Whitney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lutfiyya, Mn" uniqKey="Lutfiyya M">MN Lutfiyya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henley, E" uniqKey="Henley E">E Henley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Lf" uniqKey="Chang L">LF Chang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reyburn, Sw" uniqKey="Reyburn S">SW Reyburn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H">H Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stahl, Jp" uniqKey="Stahl J">JP Stahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inan, A" uniqKey="Inan A">A Inan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kilic, S" uniqKey="Kilic S">S Kilic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akova, M" uniqKey="Akova M">M Akova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rioux, C" uniqKey="Rioux C">C Rioux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pierre, I" uniqKey="Pierre I">I Pierre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Canestri, A" uniqKey="Canestri A">A Canestri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haustraete, E" uniqKey="Haustraete E">E Haustraete</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engin, Do" uniqKey="Engin D">DO Engin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parlak, E" uniqKey="Parlak E">E Parlak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Argemi, X" uniqKey="Argemi X">X Argemi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bruley, D" uniqKey="Bruley D">D Bruley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alp, E" uniqKey="Alp E">E Alp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greffe, S" uniqKey="Greffe S">S Greffe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hosoglu, S" uniqKey="Hosoglu S">S Hosoglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patrat Delon, S" uniqKey="Patrat Delon S">S Patrat-Delon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heper, Y" uniqKey="Heper Y">Y Heper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tasbakan, M" uniqKey="Tasbakan M">M Tasbakan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corbin, V" uniqKey="Corbin V">V Corbin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hopoglu, M" uniqKey="Hopoglu M">M Hopoglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balkan, Ii" uniqKey="Balkan I">II Balkan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mutlu, B" uniqKey="Mutlu B">B Mutlu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demonchy, E" uniqKey="Demonchy E">E Demonchy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, H" uniqKey="Yilmaz H">H Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fourcade, C" uniqKey="Fourcade C">C Fourcade</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toko Tchuindzie, L" uniqKey="Toko Tchuindzie L">L Toko-Tchuindzie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaya, S" uniqKey="Kaya S">S Kaya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engin, A" uniqKey="Engin A">A Engin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yalci, A" uniqKey="Yalci A">A Yalci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bernigaud, C" uniqKey="Bernigaud C">C Bernigaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vahaboglu, H" uniqKey="Vahaboglu H">H Vahaboglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Curlier, E" uniqKey="Curlier E">E Curlier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akduman, D" uniqKey="Akduman D">D Akduman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barrelet, A" uniqKey="Barrelet A">A Barrelet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oncu, S" uniqKey="Oncu S">S Oncu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Korten, V" uniqKey="Korten V">V Korten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Usluer, G" uniqKey="Usluer G">G Usluer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turgut, H" uniqKey="Turgut H">H Turgut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sener, A" uniqKey="Sener A">A Sener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Evirgen, O" uniqKey="Evirgen O">O Evirgen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elaldi, N" uniqKey="Elaldi N">N Elaldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gorenek, L" uniqKey="Gorenek L">L Gorenek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H">H Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inan, A" uniqKey="Inan A">A Inan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altindis, S" uniqKey="Altindis S">S Altindis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carevic, B" uniqKey="Carevic B">B Carevic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Askarian, M" uniqKey="Askarian M">M Askarian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cottle, L" uniqKey="Cottle L">L Cottle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beovic, B" uniqKey="Beovic B">B Beovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Csomos, A" uniqKey="Csomos A">A Csomos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Metodiev, K" uniqKey="Metodiev K">K Metodiev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmetagic, S" uniqKey="Ahmetagic S">S Ahmetagic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harxhi, A" uniqKey="Harxhi A">A Harxhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raka, L" uniqKey="Raka L">L Raka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grozdanovski, K" uniqKey="Grozdanovski K">K Grozdanovski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nechifor, M" uniqKey="Nechifor M">M Nechifor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alp, E" uniqKey="Alp E">E Alp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bozkurt, F" uniqKey="Bozkurt F">F Bozkurt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hosoglu, S" uniqKey="Hosoglu S">S Hosoglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balik, I" uniqKey="Balik I">I Balik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, G" uniqKey="Yilmaz G">G Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jereb, M" uniqKey="Jereb M">M Jereb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi, F" uniqKey="Moradi F">F Moradi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petrov, N" uniqKey="Petrov N">N Petrov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaya, S" uniqKey="Kaya S">S Kaya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koksal, I" uniqKey="Koksal I">I Koksal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aslan, T" uniqKey="Aslan T">T Aslan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elaldi, N" uniqKey="Elaldi N">N Elaldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akkoyunlu, Y" uniqKey="Akkoyunlu Y">Y Akkoyunlu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moravveji, Sa" uniqKey="Moravveji S">SA Moravveji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Csato, G" uniqKey="Csato G">G Csato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Szedlak, B" uniqKey="Szedlak B">B Szedlak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akata, F" uniqKey="Akata F">F Akata</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oncu, S" uniqKey="Oncu S">S Oncu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grgic, S" uniqKey="Grgic S">S Grgic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cosic, G" uniqKey="Cosic G">G Cosic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stefanov, C" uniqKey="Stefanov C">C Stefanov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farrokhnia, M" uniqKey="Farrokhnia M">M Farrokhnia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, M" uniqKey="Muller M">M Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luca, C" uniqKey="Luca C">C Luca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koluder, N" uniqKey="Koluder N">N Koluder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Korten, V" uniqKey="Korten V">V Korten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Platikanov, V" uniqKey="Platikanov V">V Platikanov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ivanova, P" uniqKey="Ivanova P">P Ivanova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soltanipour, S" uniqKey="Soltanipour S">S Soltanipour</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vakili, M" uniqKey="Vakili M">M Vakili</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farahangiz, S" uniqKey="Farahangiz S">S Farahangiz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Afkhamzadeh, A" uniqKey="Afkhamzadeh A">A Afkhamzadeh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beeching, N" uniqKey="Beeching N">N Beeching</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Ss" uniqKey="Ahmed S">SS Ahmed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cami, A" uniqKey="Cami A">A Cami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shiraly, R" uniqKey="Shiraly R">R Shiraly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jazbec, A" uniqKey="Jazbec A">A Jazbec</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mirkovic, T" uniqKey="Mirkovic T">T Mirkovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leblebicioglu, H" uniqKey="Leblebicioglu H">H Leblebicioglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naber, K" uniqKey="Naber K">K Naber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H">H Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akova, M" uniqKey="Akova M">M Akova</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H">H Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozturk Engin, D" uniqKey="Ozturk Engin D">D Ozturk-Engin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tireli, H" uniqKey="Tireli H">H Tireli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kilicoglu, G" uniqKey="Kilicoglu G">G Kilicoglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Defres, S" uniqKey="Defres S">S Defres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gulsun, S" uniqKey="Gulsun S">S Gulsun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sengoz, G" uniqKey="Sengoz G">G Sengoz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crisan, A" uniqKey="Crisan A">A Crisan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johansen, Is" uniqKey="Johansen I">IS Johansen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inan, A" uniqKey="Inan A">A Inan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nechifor, M" uniqKey="Nechifor M">M Nechifor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Mahdawi, A" uniqKey="Al Mahdawi A">A Al-Mahdawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Civljak, R" uniqKey="Civljak R">R Civljak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozguler, M" uniqKey="Ozguler M">M Ozguler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Savic, B" uniqKey="Savic B">B Savic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ceran, N" uniqKey="Ceran N">N Ceran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cacopardo, B" uniqKey="Cacopardo B">B Cacopardo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inal, As" uniqKey="Inal A">AS Inal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Namiduru, M" uniqKey="Namiduru M">M Namiduru</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dayan, S" uniqKey="Dayan S">S Dayan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kayabas, U" uniqKey="Kayabas U">U Kayabas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parlak, E" uniqKey="Parlak E">E Parlak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khalifa, A" uniqKey="Khalifa A">A Khalifa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kursun, E" uniqKey="Kursun E">E Kursun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sipahi, Or" uniqKey="Sipahi O">OR Sipahi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yemisen, M" uniqKey="Yemisen M">M Yemisen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akbulut, A" uniqKey="Akbulut A">A Akbulut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bitirgen, M" uniqKey="Bitirgen M">M Bitirgen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Popovic, N" uniqKey="Popovic N">N Popovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kandemir, B" uniqKey="Kandemir B">B Kandemir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luca, C" uniqKey="Luca C">C Luca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parlak, M" uniqKey="Parlak M">M Parlak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stahl, Jp" uniqKey="Stahl J">JP Stahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pehlivanoglu, F" uniqKey="Pehlivanoglu F">F Pehlivanoglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simeon, S" uniqKey="Simeon S">S Simeon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ulu Kilic, A" uniqKey="Ulu Kilic A">A Ulu-Kilic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yasar, K" uniqKey="Yasar K">K Yasar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, G" uniqKey="Yilmaz G">G Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, E" uniqKey="Yilmaz E">E Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beovic, B" uniqKey="Beovic B">B Beovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Catroux, M" uniqKey="Catroux M">M Catroux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lakatos, B" uniqKey="Lakatos B">B Lakatos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sunbul, M" uniqKey="Sunbul M">M Sunbul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oncul, O" uniqKey="Oncul O">O Oncul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alabay, S" uniqKey="Alabay S">S Alabay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sahin Horasan, E" uniqKey="Sahin Horasan E">E Sahin-Horasan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kose, S" uniqKey="Kose S">S Kose</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shehata, G" uniqKey="Shehata G">G Shehata</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andre, K" uniqKey="Andre K">K Andre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dragovac, G" uniqKey="Dragovac G">G Dragovac</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gul, Hc" uniqKey="Gul H">HC Gul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karakas, A" uniqKey="Karakas A">A Karakas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chadapaud, S" uniqKey="Chadapaud S">S Chadapaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hansmann, Y" uniqKey="Hansmann Y">Y Hansmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harxhi, A" uniqKey="Harxhi A">A Harxhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kirova, V" uniqKey="Kirova V">V Kirova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Masse Chabredier, I" uniqKey="Masse Chabredier I">I Masse-Chabredier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oncu, S" uniqKey="Oncu S">S Oncu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sener, A" uniqKey="Sener A">A Sener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tekin, R" uniqKey="Tekin R">R Tekin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elaldi, N" uniqKey="Elaldi N">N Elaldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deveci, O" uniqKey="Deveci O">O Deveci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozkaya, Hd" uniqKey="Ozkaya H">HD Ozkaya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karabay, O" uniqKey="Karabay O">O Karabay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Senbayrak, S" uniqKey="Senbayrak S">S Senbayrak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agalar, C" uniqKey="Agalar C">C Agalar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vahaboglu, H" uniqKey="Vahaboglu H">H Vahaboglu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cilli, A" uniqKey="Cilli A">A Cilli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H">H Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karakurt, Z" uniqKey="Karakurt Z">Z Karakurt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turkan, H" uniqKey="Turkan H">H Turkan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yazicioglu Mocin, O" uniqKey="Yazicioglu Mocin O">O Yazicioglu-Mocin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adiguzel, N" uniqKey="Adiguzel N">N Adiguzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gungor, G" uniqKey="Gungor G">G Gungor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bilge, U" uniqKey="Bilge U">U Bilge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tasci, C" uniqKey="Tasci C">C Tasci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, G" uniqKey="Yilmaz G">G Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oncul, O" uniqKey="Oncul O">O Oncul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dogan Celik, A" uniqKey="Dogan Celik A">A Dogan-Celik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erdemli, O" uniqKey="Erdemli O">O Erdemli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oztoprak, N" uniqKey="Oztoprak N">N Oztoprak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samur, Aa" uniqKey="Samur A">AA Samur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomak, Y" uniqKey="Tomak Y">Y Tomak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inan, A" uniqKey="Inan A">A Inan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karaboga, B" uniqKey="Karaboga B">B Karaboga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tok, D" uniqKey="Tok D">D Tok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Temur, S" uniqKey="Temur S">S Temur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oksuz, H" uniqKey="Oksuz H">H Oksuz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Senturk, O" uniqKey="Senturk O">O Senturk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buyukkocak, U" uniqKey="Buyukkocak U">U Buyukkocak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz Karadag, F" uniqKey="Yilmaz Karadag F">F Yilmaz-Karadag</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozcengiz, D" uniqKey="Ozcengiz D">D Ozcengiz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karakas, A" uniqKey="Karakas A">A Karakas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Savasci, U" uniqKey="Savasci U">U Savasci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozgen Alpaydin, A" uniqKey="Ozgen Alpaydin A">A Ozgen-Alpaydin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kilic, E" uniqKey="Kilic E">E Kilic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elaldi, N" uniqKey="Elaldi N">N Elaldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bilgic, H" uniqKey="Bilgic H">H Bilgic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H">H Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tekin Koruk, S" uniqKey="Tekin Koruk S">S Tekin-Koruk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koruk, I" uniqKey="Koruk I">I Koruk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tozlu Keten, D" uniqKey="Tozlu Keten D">D Tozlu-Keten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ulu Kilic, A" uniqKey="Ulu Kilic A">A Ulu-Kilic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oncul, O" uniqKey="Oncul O">O Oncul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guner, R" uniqKey="Guner R">R Guner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birengel, S" uniqKey="Birengel S">S Birengel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mert, G" uniqKey="Mert G">G Mert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nayman Alpat, S" uniqKey="Nayman Alpat S">S Nayman-Alpat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eren Tulek, N" uniqKey="Eren Tulek N">N Eren-Tulek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demirdal, T" uniqKey="Demirdal T">T Demirdal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elaldi, N" uniqKey="Elaldi N">N Elaldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ataman Hatipoglu, C" uniqKey="Ataman Hatipoglu C">C Ataman-Hatipoglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, E" uniqKey="Yilmaz E">E Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mete, B" uniqKey="Mete B">B Mete</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtaran, B" uniqKey="Kurtaran B">B Kurtaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ceran, N" uniqKey="Ceran N">N Ceran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karabay, O" uniqKey="Karabay O">O Karabay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inan, D" uniqKey="Inan D">D Inan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cengiz, M" uniqKey="Cengiz M">M Cengiz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sacar, S" uniqKey="Sacar S">S Sacar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yucesoy Dede, B" uniqKey="Yucesoy Dede B">B Yucesoy-Dede</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, S" uniqKey="Yilmaz S">S Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agalar, C" uniqKey="Agalar C">C Agalar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bayindir, Y" uniqKey="Bayindir Y">Y Bayindir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alpay, Y" uniqKey="Alpay Y">Y Alpay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tosun, S" uniqKey="Tosun S">S Tosun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, H" uniqKey="Yilmaz H">H Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bodur, H" uniqKey="Bodur H">H Bodur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erdem, Ha" uniqKey="Erdem H">HA Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dikici, N" uniqKey="Dikici N">N Dikici</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dizbay, M" uniqKey="Dizbay M">M Dizbay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oncu, S" uniqKey="Oncu S">S Oncu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sezak, N" uniqKey="Sezak N">N Sezak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sari, T" uniqKey="Sari T">T Sari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sipahi, Or" uniqKey="Sipahi O">OR Sipahi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Uysal, S" uniqKey="Uysal S">S Uysal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yeniiz, E" uniqKey="Yeniiz E">E Yeniiz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaya, S" uniqKey="Kaya S">S Kaya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ulcay, A" uniqKey="Ulcay A">A Ulcay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kurt, H" uniqKey="Kurt H">H Kurt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Besirbellioglu, Ba" uniqKey="Besirbellioglu B">BA Besirbellioglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vahaboglu, H" uniqKey="Vahaboglu H">H Vahaboglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tasova, Y" uniqKey="Tasova Y">Y Tasova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Usluer, G" uniqKey="Usluer G">G Usluer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arman, D" uniqKey="Arman D">D Arman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diktas, H" uniqKey="Diktas H">H Diktas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ulusoy, S" uniqKey="Ulusoy S">S Ulusoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leblebicioglu, H" uniqKey="Leblebicioglu H">H Leblebicioglu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barasheed, O" uniqKey="Barasheed O">O Barasheed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rashid, H" uniqKey="Rashid H">H Rashid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alfelali, M" uniqKey="Alfelali M">M Alfelali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tashani, M" uniqKey="Tashani M">M Tashani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Azeem, M" uniqKey="Azeem M">M Azeem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bokhary, H" uniqKey="Bokhary H">H Bokhary</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kalantan, N" uniqKey="Kalantan N">N Kalantan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samkari, J" uniqKey="Samkari J">J Samkari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heron, L" uniqKey="Heron L">L Heron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kok, J" uniqKey="Kok J">J Kok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, J" uniqKey="Taylor J">J Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Bashir, H" uniqKey="El Bashir H">H El Bashir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haworth, E" uniqKey="Haworth E">E Haworth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Ec" uniqKey="Holmes E">EC Holmes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dwyer, De" uniqKey="Dwyer D">DE Dwyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asghar, A" uniqKey="Asghar A">A Asghar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Booy, R" uniqKey="Booy R">R Booy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Treanor, Jj" uniqKey="Treanor J">JJ Treanor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alfelali, M" uniqKey="Alfelali M">M Alfelali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barasheed, O" uniqKey="Barasheed O">O Barasheed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tashani, M" uniqKey="Tashani M">M Tashani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Azeem, Mi" uniqKey="Azeem M">MI Azeem</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Bashir, H" uniqKey="El Bashir H">H El Bashir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heron, L" uniqKey="Heron L">L Heron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khandaker, G" uniqKey="Khandaker G">G Khandaker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Booy, R" uniqKey="Booy R">R Booy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rashid, H" uniqKey="Rashid H">H Rashid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hajj Research, T" uniqKey="Hajj Research T">T Hajj Research</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H">H Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ulu Kilic, A" uniqKey="Ulu Kilic A">A Ulu-Kilic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kilic, S" uniqKey="Kilic S">S Kilic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karahocagil, M" uniqKey="Karahocagil M">M Karahocagil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shehata, G" uniqKey="Shehata G">G Shehata</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eren Tulek, N" uniqKey="Eren Tulek N">N Eren-Tulek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yetkin, F" uniqKey="Yetkin F">F Yetkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Celen, Mk" uniqKey="Celen M">MK Celen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ceran, N" uniqKey="Ceran N">N Ceran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gul, Hc" uniqKey="Gul H">HC Gul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mert, G" uniqKey="Mert G">G Mert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tekin Koruk, S" uniqKey="Tekin Koruk S">S Tekin-Koruk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dizbay, M" uniqKey="Dizbay M">M Dizbay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inal, As" uniqKey="Inal A">AS Inal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nayman Alpat, S" uniqKey="Nayman Alpat S">S Nayman-Alpat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bosilkovski, M" uniqKey="Bosilkovski M">M Bosilkovski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inan, D" uniqKey="Inan D">D Inan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saltoglu, N" uniqKey="Saltoglu N">N Saltoglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdel Baky, L" uniqKey="Abdel Baky L">L Abdel-Baky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adeva Bartolome, Mt" uniqKey="Adeva Bartolome M">MT Adeva-Bartolome</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ceylan, B" uniqKey="Ceylan B">B Ceylan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sacar, S" uniqKey="Sacar S">S Sacar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turhan, V" uniqKey="Turhan V">V Turhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, E" uniqKey="Yilmaz E">E Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elaldi, N" uniqKey="Elaldi N">N Elaldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kocak Tufan, Z" uniqKey="Kocak Tufan Z">Z Kocak-Tufan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ugurlu, K" uniqKey="Ugurlu K">K Ugurlu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dokuzoguz, B" uniqKey="Dokuzoguz B">B Dokuzoguz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, H" uniqKey="Yilmaz H">H Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gundes, S" uniqKey="Gundes S">S Gundes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guner, R" uniqKey="Guner R">R Guner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozgunes, N" uniqKey="Ozgunes N">N Ozgunes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ulcay, A" uniqKey="Ulcay A">A Ulcay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Unal, S" uniqKey="Unal S">S Unal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dayan, S" uniqKey="Dayan S">S Dayan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gorenek, L" uniqKey="Gorenek L">L Gorenek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karakas, A" uniqKey="Karakas A">A Karakas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tasova, Y" uniqKey="Tasova Y">Y Tasova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Usluer, G" uniqKey="Usluer G">G Usluer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bayindir, Y" uniqKey="Bayindir Y">Y Bayindir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kurtaran, B" uniqKey="Kurtaran B">B Kurtaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sipahi, Or" uniqKey="Sipahi O">OR Sipahi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leblebicioglu, H" uniqKey="Leblebicioglu H">H Leblebicioglu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, A" uniqKey="Mcgeer A">A McGeer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perl, Tm" uniqKey="Perl T">TM Perl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Cs" uniqKey="Price C">CS Price</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rabeeah, Aa" uniqKey="Al Rabeeah A">AA Al Rabeeah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cummings, Da" uniqKey="Cummings D">DA Cummings</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alabdullatif, Zn" uniqKey="Alabdullatif Z">ZN Alabdullatif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assad, M" uniqKey="Assad M">M Assad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Almulhim, A" uniqKey="Almulhim A">A Almulhim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makhdoom, H" uniqKey="Makhdoom H">H Makhdoom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madani, H" uniqKey="Madani H">H Madani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alhakeem, R" uniqKey="Alhakeem R">R Alhakeem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cotten, M" uniqKey="Cotten M">M Cotten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watson, Sj" uniqKey="Watson S">SJ Watson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kellam, P" uniqKey="Kellam P">P Kellam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Ai" uniqKey="Zumla A">AI Zumla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rabeeah, Aa" uniqKey="Al Rabeeah A">AA Al-Rabeeah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rabiah, Fa" uniqKey="Al Rabiah F">FA Al-Rabiah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hajjar, S" uniqKey="Al Hajjar S">S Al-Hajjar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Barrak, A" uniqKey="Al Barrak A">A Al-Barrak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flemban, H" uniqKey="Flemban H">H Flemban</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Nassir, Wn" uniqKey="Al Nassir W">WN Al-Nassir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hh" uniqKey="Balkhy H">HH Balkhy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hakeem, Rf" uniqKey="Al Hakeem R">RF Al-Hakeem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Makhdoom, Hq" uniqKey="Makhdoom H">HQ Makhdoom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Ai" uniqKey="Zumla A">AI Zumla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Ai" uniqKey="Zumla A">AI Zumla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hakeem, Rf" uniqKey="Al Hakeem R">RF Al-Hakeem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Rabeeah, Aa" uniqKey="Al Rabeeah A">AA Al-Rabeeah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stephens, Gm" uniqKey="Stephens G">GM Stephens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erdem, H" uniqKey="Erdem H">H Erdem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Unal, S" uniqKey="Unal S">S Unal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Annan, A" uniqKey="Annan A">A Annan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Owusu, M" uniqKey="Owusu M">M Owusu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marfo, Ks" uniqKey="Marfo K">KS Marfo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larbi, R" uniqKey="Larbi R">R Larbi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sarpong, Fn" uniqKey="Sarpong F">FN Sarpong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adu Sarkodie, Y" uniqKey="Adu Sarkodie Y">Y Adu-Sarkodie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amankwa, J" uniqKey="Amankwa J">J Amankwa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fiafemetsi, S" uniqKey="Fiafemetsi S">S Fiafemetsi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C Drosten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Owusu Dabo, E" uniqKey="Owusu Dabo E">E Owusu-Dabo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eckerle, I" uniqKey="Eckerle I">I Eckerle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gautret, P" uniqKey="Gautret P">P Gautret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charrel, R" uniqKey="Charrel R">R Charrel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benkouiten, S" uniqKey="Benkouiten S">S Benkouiten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belhouchat, K" uniqKey="Belhouchat K">K Belhouchat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nougairede, A" uniqKey="Nougairede A">A Nougairede</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drali, T" uniqKey="Drali T">T Drali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salez, N" uniqKey="Salez N">N Salez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Masri, M" uniqKey="Al Masri M">M Al Masri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lagier, Jc" uniqKey="Lagier J">JC Lagier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Million, M" uniqKey="Million M">M Million</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, D" uniqKey="Raoult D">D Raoult</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, P" uniqKey="Brouqui P">P Brouqui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, P" uniqKey="Parola P">P Parola</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0934-9723</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1435-4373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Berlin/Heidelberg</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26964538</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7087946</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2614</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10096-016-2614-z</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Infections in travellers returning to Turkey from the Arabian peninsula: a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><address><phone>+90-532-7842024</phone><email>hakanerdem1969@yahoo.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ak</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elaldi</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demirdal</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hargreaves</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nemli</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cag</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ulug</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naz</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gunal</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sirmatel</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sipahi</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alpat</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ertem-Tuncer</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sozen</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Evlice</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meric-Koc</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dogru</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koksaldi-Motor</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tekin</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ozdemir</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ozturk-Engin</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff19">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Savasci</surname><given-names>U.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karagoz</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cekli</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Inan</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff19">19</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413460.4</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107206034</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Gulhane Medical Academy,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.414850.c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406428921</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411689.3</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122594311</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Sivas, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411795.f</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404549420</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Katip Celebi University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmir, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7445.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121138111</institution-id><institution>International Health Unit, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity,</institution><institution>Imperial College London,</institution></institution-wrap>Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK</aff><aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411776.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000040454921X</institution-id><institution>Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Medeniyet University,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Private Umit Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff8"><label>8</label>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kocaeli State Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff9"><label>9</label>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff10"><label>10</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411082.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107203140</institution-id><institution>School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Abant Izzet Baysal University,</institution></institution-wrap>Bolu, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff11"><label>11</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8302.9</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000110922592</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Ege University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmir, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff12"><label>12</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.164274.2</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000405962460</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Osmangazi University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Eskisehir, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff13"><label>13</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413783.a</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406426432</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Ankara Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Ankara, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff14"><label>14</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411861.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000107033794</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Mugla Sitki Kocman University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Mugla, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff15"><label>15</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411105.0</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106919040</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Kocaeli University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Izmit, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff16"><label>16</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.14352.31</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106807823</institution-id><institution>Tayfur Ata Sokmen School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Mustafa Kemal University,</institution></institution-wrap>Hatay, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff17"><label>17</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411690.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000114565625</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Dicle University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Diyarbakir, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff18"><label>18</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.412121.5</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000117103792</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Duzce University School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Konuralp, Duzce Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff19"><label>19</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413790.8</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000406427320</institution-id><institution>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology,</institution><institution>Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Istanbul, Turkey</aff><aff id="Aff20"><label>20</label>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Military Hospital, Van, Turkey</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>903</fpage><lpage>910</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016</copyright-statement><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p id="Par1">Mass gatherings pooling people from different parts of the world—the largest of which is to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, for Hajj—may impose risks for acquisition and dissemination of infectious diseases. A substantial number of pilgrims to Hajj and Umrah are Turkish citizens (456,000 in 2014) but data are lacking on scale of the problem. We did a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study in Turkey to explore the range of infections among inpatients who had recently returned from the Arabian Peninsula. Our inclusion criteria were patients who had acquired an infection during their trip to an Arabian Peninsula country, or who became symptomatic within 1 week of their return. The data were collected retrospectively for January 1, 2013 and March 1, 2015. 185 Turkish patients were recruited to the study across 15 referral centers with travel associated infectious diseases after returning from Arabian Peninsula countries (predominantly Saudi Arabia 163 [88.1 %] for religious purposes 162 [87.5 %]). Seventy four (40.0 %) of them were ≥ 65 years old with numerous comorbidities including diabetes (24.3 %) and COPD (14.1 %). The most common clinical diagnosis was respiratory tract infections (169 [91.5 %]), followed by diarrheal diseases (13 [7 %]), and there was one case of MERS-CoV. Patients spent a median of 5 (3–7) days as hospital inpatients and overall mortality was 1.1 %. Returning travellers from the Arabian Peninsula present as inpatients with a broad range of infectious diseases similar to common community acquired infections frequently seen in daily medical practices in Turkey.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Influenza</kwd><kwd>Respiratory Syncytial Virus</kwd><kwd>United Arab Emirate</kwd><kwd>Arabian Peninsula</kwd><kwd>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="Sec1" sec-type="introduction"><title>Introduction</title><p id="Par2">It is a common occurrence for travellers to return home with febrile diseases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>]. In the majority of cases these infections are mild and self-limiting; however, approximately 8 % of all returning travellers present to hospitals during their trip or on their return home [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]. Among these patients, approximately 3 % are subsequently unable to work on their return for an average of 2 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]. The distribution of infectious diseases is directly interrelated to the epidemiology of infections of the geographical area visited. Hence, mass gatherings pooling people from different parts of the world may impose serious risks for the acquisition and dissemination of infectious diseases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>].</p><p id="Par3">One of the largest mass movements of travellers occurring each year is to Mecca for Hajj, when 2 million Muslim pilgrims travel to Saudi Arabia on the Arabian Peninsula from 184 countries [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>]. This journey is taken at a certain time of the year and according to Islamic belief must be carried out by every Muslim at least once during their lifetime. A substantial number of pilgrims are Turkish citizens: in 2014, 56,000 Muslim pilgrims from Turkey travelled to Mecca, in addition to 400,000 Turkish citizens who travelled to Umrah to visit various holy places [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>]. There is also considerable travel between Turkey and other countries in the Arabian Peninsula (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, South Iraq, South Jordan, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen). Travel to the Arabian Peninsula for Turkish people can basically be divided into religious and non-religious categories. Considering religious travel as with all mass gatherings of this nature, key public health concerns include gastrointestinal infections, tuberculosis, and influenza [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>]. In addition, in Saudi Arabia, <italic>Aedes</italic>, <italic>Anopheles</italic>, and <italic>Culex</italic> spp mosquitoes are present [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>], and more recently the emergence of infections including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Previous studies have reported multidrug resistant Salmonella strains [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>] and nasal <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> carriage [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>] among Hajj pilgrims. However, data are lacking in the literature on travel-associated infections in returning travellers from the Arabian Peninsula to Turkey, and their impact on the Turkish health-care system.</p><p id="Par4">In this multi-center study, therefore, we aim to describe the range of infections, clinical features, and scale of the problem among in-patients hospitalized for an infectious disease in Turkey who have recently returned from the Arabian Peninsula.</p></sec><sec id="Sec2" sec-type="materials|methods"><title>Materials and methods</title><sec id="Sec3"><title>Study design</title><p id="Par5">We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional multi-center study among Turkish in-patients with a diagnosis of a travel-associated infection leading to hospitalization after returning from the Arabian Peninsula countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, South Iraq, South Jordan, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen). Our inclusion criteria were adult patients (age over 15) who had acquired an infection during their trip to an Arabian Peninsula country, or who became symptomatic within 1 week of their return. Data were collected retrospectively between January 1, 2013 and March 1, 2015 across 15 Turkish referral centers with infectious diseases departments located in the main cities depicted in Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>. We provided the definitions of infections in this study according to a pilot analysis preceding the study. The study was approved by the local ethics committee.<fig id="Fig1"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The map showing the participating referral hospitals</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="10096_2016_2614_Fig1_HTML" id="MO1"></graphic></fig></p></sec><sec id="Sec4"><title>Clinical and laboratory analysis and follow-up</title><p id="Par6">A detailed personal and travel history was obtained from all patients on admission to hospital, as per routine practice. All patients reporting recent travel to a country in the Arabian Peninsula, and who met study inclusion criteria, were recruited to the study and then assessed by study physicians on admission and daily during their hospitalization.</p><p id="Par7">Microbiological cultures, including two sets of blood, throat, sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage and stool cultures were taken on admission. Routine biochemical analysis was done for all patients, and additional chest X-rays were done for patients with respiratory symptoms. Patients were questioned about their pulmonary symptoms including cough, expectoration, chest pain, and dyspnea. If abnormal pulmonary findings were present, patients underwent thoracic computerized tomography (CT).</p><p id="Par8">For patients with fever (≥ 38 °C) and pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome and/or cough, shortness of breath and the patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) including fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, and at least one of the three respiratory symptoms including cough, sore throat, and shortness of breath were further evaluated for MERS-CoV infection and influenza, respectively [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>]. These patients were additionally evaluated for parainfluenza virus (type 1, 2, and 3), coronavirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus, human metapneumovirus, human baculovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtypes of A and B, and rhinovirus. When necessary patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) either for mechanical ventilation or because they were judged to be in an unstable condition requiring intensive care. Patients compatible with findings for Brucellosis were tested for the disease with serological tests [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="Sec5"><title>Definitions</title><sec id="FPar1"><title>Upper respiratory tract infection</title><p id="Par9">An acute infection that includes tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="FPar2"><title>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)</title><p id="Par10">Pneumonia was defined as a new infiltrate on the chest roentgenogram of two out of six clinical signs of pneumonia: cough, production of sputum, signs of consolidation on respiratory auscultation, temperature >38 °C or <35 °C, leukocytosis [white blood cell count (WBC) > 10 × 10<sup>9</sup>/l) or leukopenia (WBC < 4 × 10<sup>9</sup>/l), and more than 10 % rods] [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR13">13</xref>]. CAP is defined as pneumonia acquired outside of hospitals or a long-term care facility, and “atypical pneumonia” was defined as bilateral, more diffuse infiltrates on the chest X-ray examination of a pneumonia patient [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="FPar3"><title>Acute tracheobronchitis</title><p id="Par11">A patient with dry cough and/or low-grade of fever (< 38 °C), sub-sternal pain, and fatigue in the absence of opacities on chest X-ray.</p></sec><sec id="FPar4"><title>Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</title><p id="Par12">Association with increased frequency and severity of coughing and/or shortness of breath and wheezing, increased amount of sputum production, and/or a change in appearance of sputum in a patient with COPD.</p></sec><sec id="FPar5"><title>MERS-CoV infection</title><p id="Par13">A confirmed case is a person with laboratory confirmation of MERS-CoV infection. Confirmatory laboratory testing requires a positive PCR on at least two specific genomic targets or a single positive target with sequencing on a second. A probable case is a patient under investigation with absent or inconclusive laboratory results for MERS-CoV infection [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="FPar6"><title>Diarrhea</title><p id="Par14">Defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day or more frequent passage than is normal for the individual.</p></sec><sec id="FPar7"><title>Brucellosis</title><p id="Par15">Clinical findings in accordance with the disease, positive Rose-Bengal or Wright’s standard tube agglutination (STA) test titer of 1:160 or higher, and/or isolation of <italic>Brucella</italic> spp from body fluids. According to the duration of symptoms, brucellosis was classified as acute (<8 weeks), subacute (8–52 weeks), and chronic (>52 weeks) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="FPar8"><title>Co-morbid diseases</title><p id="Par16">Coexistent medical problems were retrieved according to the patients’ history recorded in their files in the hospitals.</p></sec></sec><sec id="Sec6"><title>Microbiological and serological investigations</title><p id="Par17">Blood culture specimens were cultured by automatic systems, mainly by the BACTEC 9240 system (Becton-Dickinson, Maryland, USA). Blood samples were inoculated into the BACTEC system for a minimum of 7 days. Clinical specimens other than blood including sputum were inoculated onto sheep blood agar and chocolate agar, throat cultures were inoculated onto sheep blood agar, and stool cultures were inoculated onto eosin-methylene-blue (EMB) and Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar. Isolated microorganisms were defined according to standard microbiological techniques. <italic>Brucella abortus</italic> S99 antigen obtained from Pendik Animal Diseases Research Institute (Istanbul, Turkey) was used for the agglutination tests.</p></sec><sec id="Sec7"><title>Molecular investigations</title><p id="Par18">Multiplex PCR was used to test for MERS-CoV, RSV A-B, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, bocavirus, and enterovirus. Real-time PCR was done for MERS-CoV, parainfluenza virus type 1, 2, and 3, coronavirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus, H1N1, influenza virus A-B, human metapnuemovirus, parainfluenza virus, human bocavirus, RSV A-B, and rhinovirus.</p></sec><sec id="Sec8"><title>Data collection and statistical methods</title><p id="Par19">A standardized questionnaire was used to collect patients’ data from participant centers. Data on demographics, travel history, clinical and laboratory parameters, treatment data, length of hospital stay and ICU admission, and outcomes were inserted into an Excel file (Microsoft Excel, 2010). The data analysis was done with SPSS (SPSS, Windows V.16.0). Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies, percentages for categorical variables and as mean ± standard deviation and median [interquartile range (IQR)] for continuous variables according to the results of normality test. Normality test was done by one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.</p></sec></sec><sec id="Sec9" sec-type="results"><title>Results</title><p id="Par20">A total of 185 Turkish patients were recruited to the study across 15 referral centers (100 females; 85 males) with travel associated infectious diseases after returning from Arabian Peninsula countries. Breakdown by country is as follows: Saudi Arabia (<italic>n</italic> = 163, 88.1 %), South Iraq (<italic>n</italic> = 8, 4.3 %), Kuwait (<italic>n</italic> = 4, 2.2 %), Qatar (<italic>n</italic> = 3, 1.6 %), United Arab Emirates (<italic>n</italic> = 3, 1.6 %), South Jordan (<italic>n</italic> = 2, 1.1 %), Bahrain (<italic>n</italic> = 1, 0.5 %), and Yemen (<italic>n</italic> = 1, 0.5 %). One hundred sixty-two (87.5 %) patients had been there for religious purposes (e.g., Hajj, Umrah). Mean (SD) age was 60.3 (±12.9) years. Seventy four (40 %) of them were ≥ 65 years old. The most common clinical diagnosis among our cohort was respiratory tract infections (169; 91.5 %). Diarrheal syndromes were the second most common diagnosis (13; 7 %). Clinical diagnoses of hospitalized travellers returning from the Arabian Peninsula are presented in Table <xref rid="Tab1" ref-type="table">1</xref>. Microbiological analyses were performed in accordance with the clinical requirements. Table <xref rid="Tab2" ref-type="table">2</xref> shows the confirmed infectious agents and their clinical presentations. The distribution of comorbid diseases were as follows: Diabetes mellitus 45 (24.3 %), COPD 26 (14.1 %), hypertension 16 (8.6 %), coronary artery disease 14 (7.6 %), congestive heart failure 6 (3.2 %), malignancy 6 (3.2 %), cerebrovascular event sequelae 2 (1.1 %), immunosuppression 2 (1.1 %), rheumatic disease 2 (1.1 %), chronic liver disease 2 (1.1 %), chronic renal failure 1 (5.4 %).<table-wrap id="Tab1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Clinical diagnoses of hospitalized travellers returning from the Arabian Peninsula (N = 185)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Diagnosis</th><th>Number of cases</th><th>Percent of total (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="3">Infectious syndromes</td></tr><tr><td> Respiratory tract infections</td><td>169</td><td>91.5</td></tr><tr><td> • Community-acquired pneumonia</td><td>70</td><td>41.4</td></tr><tr><td> • Upper respiratory tract infection</td><td>56</td><td>33.1</td></tr><tr><td> • Acute tracheobronchitis</td><td>23</td><td>13.6</td></tr><tr><td> • Atypical pneumonia <sup>a</sup></td><td>15</td><td>8.9</td></tr><tr><td> • Acute exacerbation of COPD</td><td>5</td><td>3.0</td></tr><tr><td> Diarrheal syndromes</td><td>13</td><td>7.0</td></tr><tr><td> • Acute diarrhea, etiology unknown <sup>b</sup></td><td>11</td><td>84.6</td></tr><tr><td> • Enteritis due to <italic>Salmonella enteritidis</italic></td><td>1</td><td>7.7</td></tr><tr><td> • Colitis due to <italic>Shigella</italic> sp.</td><td>1</td><td>7.7</td></tr><tr><td> Cellulitis</td><td>2</td><td>1.1</td></tr><tr><td> Acute brucellosis</td><td>1<sup>c</sup></td><td>0.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Timing of hospitalisation since the onset of symptoms</td></tr><tr><td> • Started in Arabian Peninsula</td><td>115</td><td>62.2</td></tr><tr><td> Median (IQR) days of symptoms</td><td colspan="2">3 (2–6)</td></tr><tr><td> • Symptoms started after returning to Turkey</td><td>70</td><td>37.8</td></tr><tr><td> Median (IQR) days of symptoms</td><td colspan="2">3.5 (2–7)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p><italic>COPD</italic> chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, <italic>IQR</italic> interquartile range</p><p><sup>a</sup> Primary influenza pneumonia (1 patient), MERS-CoV pneumonia (1 patient)</p><p><sup>b</sup>Includes acute unspecified diarrhea and gastroenteritis</p><p><sup>c</sup>This patient worked as a butcher during Hajj</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="Tab2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Confirmed infectious agents and their clinical presentations</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Infectious agent</th><th>Total</th><th>Pneumonia</th><th>URTI</th><th>Enteritis</th><th>Colitis</th><th>Other</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="7">Influenza A</td></tr><tr><td> • H1N1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td> • H3N2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td> • Untyped</td><td>3</td><td>(-)</td><td>3</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td>Influenza B</td><td>7</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td>Adenovirus</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td>Coronavirus-43</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td>Rhinovirus</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td>Bocavirus</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td>MERS-CoV<sup>a</sup></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td>Viral agents, subtotal</td><td><bold>21</bold></td><td><bold>14</bold></td><td><bold>7</bold></td><td><bold>(-)</bold></td><td><bold>(-)</bold></td><td><bold>(-)</bold></td></tr><tr><td><italic>S. pneumoniae</italic></td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>H. influenza</italic> non type-b</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>H. influenza</italic> type-b</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>S. pyogenes</italic></td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>S. enteritidis</italic></td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>Shigella</italic> sp.</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>Brucella</italic> sp.</td><td>1</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>(-)</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Bacterial agents, subtotal</td><td><bold>9</bold></td><td><bold>4</bold></td><td><bold>2</bold></td><td><bold>1</bold></td><td><bold>1</bold></td><td>(-)</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td><bold>30</bold></td><td><bold>18</bold></td><td><bold>9</bold></td><td><bold>1</bold></td><td><bold>1</bold></td><td><bold>1</bold></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p><bold>URTI</bold> Upper respiratory tract infection, <bold>MERS-CoV</bold> Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</p><p><sup>a</sup>Superinfected with <italic>A. baumannii</italic></p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></p><sec id="FPar9"><title>Bacterial cultures</title><p id="Par21">Cultures were performed in 176 patients. Blood cultures yielded <italic>Brucella</italic> sp (1 patient), <italic>Salmonella enteritidis</italic> (1 patient) and <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> (1 patient). Non-b type <italic>Haemophilus influenzae</italic> was cultured in two patients, as well as <italic>Acinetobacter baumannii</italic> (1 patient), and <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> (1 patient) identified from sputum culture. Throat culture of a patient with tonsillitis and a stool culture taken from a patient with diarrhea yielded a group-A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GAS) and a <italic>Shigella</italic> sp, respectively.</p></sec><sec id="FPar10"><title>Serological testing</title><p id="Par22">Serological analyses were performed in a total of 41 patients including MERS-CoV, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, anti-HIV1-2, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Wright’s STA test and Legionella urine antigen test. Wright’s STA test was positive at a titer of 1:320 in a male patient with blood cultures positive for <italic>Brucella</italic> sp, and MERS-CoV serological test was positive in a male patient diagnosed as severe CAP who died after 4 days of admission to the ICU.</p></sec><sec id="FPar11"><title>Molecular testing</title><p id="Par23">Molecular analyses were performed in 97 patients. Multiplex PCR was done in 25 nasopharyngeal samples and real-time PCR was done for 72 samples. 20 (10.8 %) patients were positive for the following: influenza A virus [H1N1 (4 patients), H3N2 (1), untyped (3)], influenza B (7), adenovirus (2), coronavirus (1), rhinovirus (1), and human bocavirus (1).</p></sec><sec id="FPar12"><title>Treatment and follow-up</title><p id="Par24">Empirical antibiotic treatment was given to the patients preceding the diagnosis. CAP and atypical pneumonia were treated with various combinations of beta-lactams, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitory combinations, clarithromycin, and respiratory fluoroquinolones. Twenty-three (12.4 %) ILI patients received oseltamivir for 5–7 days. Subsequently, 15 out of 23 cases were confirmed as influenza infection. Two (15.4 %) of 13 patients with diarrheal syndrome were given oral fluoroquinolones. Two patients with acute tonsillitis received procaine penicillin therapy. Bacterial cellulitis cases (n = 2) were treated with parenteral beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitory combinations. One patient with acute brucellosis was treated with a combination of oral doxycycline (100 mg every 12 h) for a period of 6 weeks and intramuscular streptomycin (1 g every 24 h) for 21 days.</p></sec><sec id="FPar13"><title>ICU support and outcomes</title><p id="Par25">Six (3.2 %) patients required admission to ICU, of whom 5 (83.3 %) had CAP (1 of them MERS-CoV pneumonia) and 1 had COPD exacerbation. Patients spent a median of 3.5 (IQR 1.5–12.3) days in ICU and/or 5 (3–7) days as hospital in-patients. At the end of the study period, there were two deaths (a male patient with MERS-CoV and <italic>A. baumannii</italic> pneumonia, and a patient with atypical pneumonia). Overall mortality was 1.1 % for this cohort.</p></sec></sec><sec id="Sec10" sec-type="discussion"><title>Discussion</title><p id="Par26">Our study is the first attempt to explore the impact of extensive travel by Turkish citizens to the Arabian Peninsula and its impact on the Turkish health-care system in terms of the range and severity of infectious diseases acquired during travel in this region. A total of 169 (91.5 %) patients in our cohort presented with common community acquired infections frequently seen in daily medical practices in Turkey [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR18">18</xref>]. Patients in our cohort were diagnosed with a broad range of diseases, including diseases of key public health concern including MERS-CoV; respiratory tract infections predominated, followed by diarrheal disease/syndromes. In 115 (62.2 %) of the patients in our study symptoms started during their trip; in 70 (37.8 %), symptoms began when they returned home to Turkey. One hundred sixty-two (87.5 %) of the patients admitted to infectious diseases departments after returning from the Arabian subcontinent had been there for religious purposes. Three percent of recruited patients were admitted to the ICU and the overall mortality was low (1 %).</p><p id="Par27">An official Turkish Hajj and Umrah report discloses that 37.4 % of Turkish citizens attending Hajj and Umrah are over 60 years of age [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR19">19</xref>]. In accordance with this statistic, 40 % of returning travellers hospitalized in Turkish hospitals were elderly patients over the age of 65 years in this study. In addition, 45 (24.3 %) of 185 patients we recruited had diabetes and 26 (14.1 %) had COPD, both of which are known to facilitate infections [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR20">20</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR21">21</xref>]. An older age and the presence of comorbid conditions may have the potential to increase the severity of infections [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR22">22</xref>].</p><p id="Par28">Respiratory tract infections predominated in our cohort, which concurs with preliminary French data indicating a high prevalence of cough (80 % of patients) both during Hajj and half remaining symptomatic on their returns [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR23">23</xref>]. Diarrheal syndromes were present in 13 (7 %) of our cohort. Poor food hygiene, water shortage, asymptomatic carriers among the pilgrims, and poorly-stored meals are known to be the major reasons of diarrheal illnesses during the Hajj [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR24">24</xref>]. Hence, in this part of the world, these two groups of communicable diseases should be taken into consideration in returning travellers, and the responsible causative agents may differ according to the region/area that the individual many have travelled.</p><p id="Par29">One study found that 11 % of patients were detected to have ILI during the 2013 Hajj season in Saudi Arabia itself. The viral causative agents were rhinovirus (25 %), influenza A virus (4 %), adenovirus (2 %), human coronavirus OC43/229E (2 %), parainfluenza virus-3 (2 %), parainfluenza virus-1 (1 %), and dual infections (2 %) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR25">25</xref>]. In this study, in one-tenth of all cases molecular analyses disclosed the presence of viral causative agents. Fifteen (8.1 %) of the PCR positive viral respiratory tract infection patients were related to influenza (53.3 % influenza A viruses and 46.7 % influenza B viruses). The basic reason for this difference between the pilgrims in Mecca and those who returned to Turkey may be that influenza is more likely to result in hospitalizations compared to other viral upper respiratory tract infections [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>] and our study group included only the hospitalized infection patients. It appears that ILI decreases among Hajj pilgrims as the vaccine coverage increases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR27">27</xref>]. In Turkey, meningococcal vaccination for the pilgrims is mandatory while influenza vaccination, which is essentially included in the travel expenses, is provided to all pilgrims. However, there is still debate on the compliance of influenza vaccination in this population.</p><p id="Par30">According to our data, one case with MERS-CoV overlapped by <italic>A. baumannii</italic> as an infection agent had died in the ICU indicating the potential transmission of infectious agents during travel. MERS-CoV was originally detected in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in September 2012 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR28">28</xref>]. Subsequently, MERS-CoV was reported to result in sporadic cases, healthcare associated outbreaks or intra-familial clusters in Saudi Arabia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR29">29</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR31">31</xref>]. Afterwards, MERS-CoV cases were reported from Qatar, Jordan, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Italy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR32">32</xref>]. MERS-CoV has been reported to impose a low public health risk for people either returning from the Hajj [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR33">33</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR35">35</xref>] or during the Hajj [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR25">25</xref>]. It appears that although MERS-CoV is not a widespread problem among the returning travellers of the Arabian Peninsula, it may result in morbidity or mortality for those affected.</p><p id="Par31">The scale of travel that we are now witnessing from Turkey to the Arabian continent, particularly in older age-groups with co-morbidities that make them more prone to infectious diseases, means that returning travellers have noteworthy implications for the health system. Enhanced education around travel-related infections should be integrated to medical training curricula particularly for the emergent pathogens the clinicians are unfamiliar with. Countries with Muslim populations should principally be aware of the dynamic epidemiology in the Arabian continent in managing returning travellers.</p></sec></body><back><notes notes-type="ethics"><title>Compliance with ethical standards</title><notes notes-type="funding"><title>Funding</title><p id="Par32">None to declare</p></notes><notes notes-type="COI-statement"><title>Conflict of interest</title><p id="Par33">The authors declare they have no competing interests.</p></notes><notes><title>Ethical approval</title><p id="Par34">The study was approved by the local ethics committee.</p></notes><notes><title>Informed consent</title><p id="Par35">Not applicable due to retrospective nature of the study.</p></notes></notes><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1"><label>1.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Freedman</surname><given-names>DO</given-names></name><name><surname>Weld</surname><given-names>LH</given-names></name><name><surname>Kozarsky</surname><given-names>PE</given-names></name><name><surname>Fisk</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Robins</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>von Sonnenburg</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Keystone</surname><given-names>JS</given-names></name><name><surname>Pandey</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Cetron</surname><given-names>MS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Spectrum of disease and relation to place of exposure among ill returned travelers</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><year>2006</year><volume>354</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa051331</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16407507</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR2"><label>2.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hill</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Health problems in a large cohort of Americans traveling to developing countries</article-title><source>J Travel Med</source><year>2000</year><volume>7</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>266</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2310/7060.2000.00075</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11231210</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR3"><label>3.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Steffen</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Rickenbach</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Wilhelm</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Helminger</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Schar</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Health problems after travel to developing countries</article-title><source>J Infect Dis</source><year>1987</year><volume>156</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/infdis/156.1.84</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3598228</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR4"><label>4.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name><name><surname>Zumla</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Alhakeem</surname><given-names>RF</given-names></name><name><surname>Assiri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Turkestani</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Al Harby</surname><given-names>KD</given-names></name><name><surname>Alyemni</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Dhafar</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Gautret</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Barbeschi</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>McCloskey</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Heymann</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Al Rabeeah</surname><given-names>AA</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Hajj: infectious disease surveillance and control</article-title><source>Lancet</source><year>2014</year><volume>383</volume><issue>9934</issue><fpage>2073</fpage><lpage>2082</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60381-0</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24857703</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">IlmFeed (2015) Which Countries Have the Highest Number of Hajj Pilgrims?<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ilmfeed.com/which-countries-have-the-highest-number-of-hajj-pilgrims/">http://ilmfeed.com/which-countries-have-the-highest-number-of-hajj-pilgrims/</ext-link> Accessed 26 February 2016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Turkish Religious Affairs Directorate (2014) İstatistikler. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.diyanet.gov.tr/tr/kategori/istatistikler/136">http://www.diyanet.gov.tr/tr/kategori/istatistikler/136</ext-link>Accessed 26 February 2016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR7"><label>7.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Olaitan</surname><given-names>AO</given-names></name><name><surname>Dia</surname><given-names>NM</given-names></name><name><surname>Gautret</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Benkouiten</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Belhouchat</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Drali</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Parola</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Brouqui</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Raoult</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Rolain</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Acquisition of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Newport by pilgrims during Hajj</article-title><source>Int J Antimicrob Agents</source><year>2015</year><volume>45</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>600</fpage><lpage>604</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.01.010</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25769786</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR8"><label>8.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Verhoeven</surname><given-names>PO</given-names></name><name><surname>Gautret</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Haddar</surname><given-names>CH</given-names></name><name><surname>Benkouiten</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Gagnaire</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Belhouchat</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Grattard</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Charrel</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Pozzetto</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Drali</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Lucht</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Brouqui</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name><name><surname>Berthelot</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Botelho-Nevers</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Molecular dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Hajj pilgrims</article-title><source>Clin Microbiol Infect</source><year>2015</year><volume>21</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>650</fpage><lpage>e655-658</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.020</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25882367</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">WHO (2014) WHO surveillance case definitions for ILI and SARI.<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/influenza/surveillance_monitoring/ili_sari_surveillance_case_definition/en/">http://www.who.int/influenza/surveillance_monitoring/ili_sari_surveillance_case_definition/en/</ext-link>Accessed 26 February 2016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">CDC (2015) Interim Patient under Investigation (PUI) Guidance and Case Definitions. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/case-def.html">http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/case-def.html</ext-link>Accessed 26 February 2016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR11"><label>11.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gul</surname><given-names>HC</given-names></name><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Bennett</surname><given-names>JE</given-names></name><name><surname>Dolin</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Blaser</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Brucellosis (Brucella species)</article-title><source>Mandell, Douglass, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</source><year>2015</year><publisher-loc>Philadelphia</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Elsevier Co</publisher-name><fpage>2584</fpage><lpage>2589</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR12"><label>12.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Morris</surname><given-names>PS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Upper respiratory tract infections (including otitis media)</article-title><source>Pediatr Clin N Am</source><year>2009</year><volume>56</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>117</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.009</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR13"><label>13.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mandell</surname><given-names>LA</given-names></name><name><surname>Wunderink</surname><given-names>RG</given-names></name><name><surname>Anzueto</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Bartlett</surname><given-names>JG</given-names></name><name><surname>Campbell</surname><given-names>GD</given-names></name><name><surname>Dean</surname><given-names>NC</given-names></name><name><surname>Dowell</surname><given-names>SF</given-names></name><name><surname>File</surname><given-names>TM</given-names><suffix>Jr</suffix></name><name><surname>Musher</surname><given-names>DM</given-names></name><name><surname>Niederman</surname><given-names>MS</given-names></name><name><surname>Torres</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Whitney</surname><given-names>CG</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults</article-title><source>Clin Infect Dis</source><year>2007</year><volume>44</volume><issue>Suppl 2</issue><fpage>S27</fpage><lpage>S72</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1086/511159</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17278083</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR14"><label>14.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lutfiyya</surname><given-names>MN</given-names></name><name><surname>Henley</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>LF</given-names></name><name><surname>Reyburn</surname><given-names>SW</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia</article-title><source>Am Fam Physician</source><year>2006</year><volume>73</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>442</fpage><lpage>450</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16477891</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Turkish Republic of Ministry of Health (2015) Healthcare workers guideline for MERS-CoV Disease. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.istanbulhalksagligi.gov.tr/data/content/mers_rehberi.pdf">http://www.istanbulhalksagligi.gov.tr/data/content/mers_rehberi.pdf</ext-link>. Released September 2015. Accessed 26 February 2016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR16"><label>16.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Stahl</surname><given-names>JP</given-names></name><name><surname>Inan</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Kilic</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Akova</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Rioux</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Pierre</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Canestri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Haustraete</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Engin</surname><given-names>DO</given-names></name><name><surname>Parlak</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Argemi</surname><given-names>X</given-names></name><name><surname>Bruley</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Alp</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Greffe</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Hosoglu</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Patrat-Delon</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Heper</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Tasbakan</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Corbin</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Hopoglu</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Balkan</surname><given-names>II</given-names></name><name><surname>Mutlu</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Demonchy</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Fourcade</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Toko-Tchuindzie</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Kaya</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Engin</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Yalci</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Bernigaud</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Vahaboglu</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Curlier</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Akduman</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Barrelet</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Oncu</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Korten</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Usluer</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Turgut</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Sener</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Evirgen</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Elaldi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Gorenek</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The features of infectious diseases departments and anti-infective practices in France and Turkey: a cross-sectional study</article-title><source>Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis</source><year>2014</year><volume>33</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1591</fpage><lpage>1599</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10096-014-2116-9</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24789652</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR17"><label>17.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Inan</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Altindis</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Carevic</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Askarian</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Cottle</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Beovic</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Csomos</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Metodiev</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Ahmetagic</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Harxhi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Raka</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Grozdanovski</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Nechifor</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Alp</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Bozkurt</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Hosoglu</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Balik</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Jereb</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Moradi</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Kaya</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Koksal</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Aslan</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Elaldi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Akkoyunlu</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Moravveji</surname><given-names>SA</given-names></name><name><surname>Csato</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Szedlak</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Akata</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Oncu</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Grgic</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Cosic</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Stefanov</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Farrokhnia</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Muller</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Luca</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Koluder</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Korten</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Platikanov</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Soltanipour</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Vakili</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Farahangiz</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Afkhamzadeh</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Beeching</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Ahmed</surname><given-names>SS</given-names></name><name><surname>Cami</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Shiraly</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Jazbec</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Mirkovic</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Leblebicioglu</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Naber</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Surveillance, control and management of infections in intensive care units in Southern Europe, Turkey and Iran--a prospective multicenter point prevalence study</article-title><source>J Infect</source><year>2014</year><volume>68</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jinf.2013.11.001</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24269951</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR18"><label>18.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Akova</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Leading infectious diseases problems in Turkey</article-title><source>Clin Microbiol Infect</source><year>2012</year><volume>18</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1056</fpage><lpage>1067</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/1469-0691.12000</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23043613</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Republic of Turkey, Presidency of Religious Affairs (2014) The number of people going to Hajj and Umrah according to the age groups. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.diyanet.gov.tr/tr/kategori/istatistikler/136">http://www.diyanet.gov.tr/tr/kategori/istatistikler/136</ext-link>. Released December 12, 2014. Accessed 26 February 2016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR20"><label>20.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Ozturk-Engin</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Tireli</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Kilicoglu</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Defres</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Gulsun</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Sengoz</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Crisan</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Johansen</surname><given-names>IS</given-names></name><name><surname>Inan</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Nechifor</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Mahdawi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Civljak</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Ozguler</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Savic</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Ceran</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Cacopardo</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Inal</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name><name><surname>Namiduru</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Dayan</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Kayabas</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Parlak</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Khalifa</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Kursun</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Sipahi</surname><given-names>OR</given-names></name><name><surname>Yemisen</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Akbulut</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Bitirgen</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Popovic</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Kandemir</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Luca</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Parlak</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Stahl</surname><given-names>JP</given-names></name><name><surname>Pehlivanoglu</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Simeon</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Ulu-Kilic</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Yasar</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Beovic</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Catroux</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Lakatos</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Sunbul</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Oncul</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Alabay</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Sahin-Horasan</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Kose</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Shehata</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Andre</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Dragovac</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Gul</surname><given-names>HC</given-names></name><name><surname>Karakas</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Chadapaud</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Hansmann</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Harxhi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Kirova</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Masse-Chabredier</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Oncu</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Sener</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Tekin</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Elaldi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Deveci</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Ozkaya</surname><given-names>HD</given-names></name><name><surname>Karabay</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Senbayrak</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Agalar</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Vahaboglu</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Hamsi scoring in the prediction of unfavorable outcomes from tuberculous meningitis: results of Haydarpasa-II study</article-title><source>J Neurol</source><year>2015</year><volume>262</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>890</fpage><lpage>898</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00415-015-7651-5</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25634680</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR21"><label>21.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cilli</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Karakurt</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Turkan</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Yazicioglu-Mocin</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Adiguzel</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Gungor</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Bilge</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Tasci</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Oncul</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Dogan-Celik</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Erdemli</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Oztoprak</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Samur</surname><given-names>AA</given-names></name><name><surname>Tomak</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Inan</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Karaboga</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Tok</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Temur</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Oksuz</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Senturk</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Buyukkocak</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz-Karadag</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Ozcengiz</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Karakas</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Savasci</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Ozgen-Alpaydin</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Kilic</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Elaldi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Bilgic</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring admission to the intensive care unit: risk factors for mortality</article-title><source>J Crit Care</source><year>2013</year><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>975</fpage><lpage>979</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.08.004</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24075301</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR22"><label>22.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Tekin-Koruk</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Koruk</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Tozlu-Keten</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Ulu-Kilic</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Oncul</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Guner</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Birengel</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Mert</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Nayman-Alpat</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Eren-Tulek</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Demirdal</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Elaldi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Ataman-Hatipoglu</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Mete</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Kurtaran</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Ceran</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Karabay</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Inan</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Cengiz</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Sacar</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Yucesoy-Dede</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Agalar</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Bayindir</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Alpay</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Tosun</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Bodur</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>HA</given-names></name><name><surname>Dikici</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Dizbay</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Oncu</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Sezak</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Sari</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Sipahi</surname><given-names>OR</given-names></name><name><surname>Uysal</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Yeniiz</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Kaya</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Ulcay</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Kurt</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Besirbellioglu</surname><given-names>BA</given-names></name><name><surname>Vahaboglu</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Tasova</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Usluer</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Arman</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Diktas</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Ulusoy</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Leblebicioglu</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Assessment of the requisites of microbiology based infectious disease training under the pressure of consultation needs</article-title><source>Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob</source><year>2011</year><volume>10</volume><fpage>38</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1476-0711-10-38</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22177310</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Gautret P, Benkouiten S, Griffiths K, Sridhar S (2015) The inevitable Hajj cough: Surveillance data in French pilgrims, 2012-2014. Travel Med Infect Dis 13(6):485–489</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR24"><label>24.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The Hajj: updated health hazards and current recommendations for 2012</article-title><source>Euro Surveill</source><year>2012</year><volume>17</volume><issue>41</issue><fpage>20295</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23078811</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR25"><label>25.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barasheed</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Rashid</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Alfelali</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Tashani</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Azeem</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Bokhary</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Kalantan</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Samkari</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Heron</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Kok</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>El Bashir</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name><name><surname>Haworth</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Holmes</surname><given-names>EC</given-names></name><name><surname>Dwyer</surname><given-names>DE</given-names></name><name><surname>Asghar</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Booy</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013</article-title><source>Virol Sin</source><year>2014</year><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>364</fpage><lpage>371</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12250-014-3507-x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25413828</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR26"><label>26.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Treanor</surname><given-names>JJ</given-names></name></person-group><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Bennett</surname><given-names>JE</given-names></name><name><surname>Dolin</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Blaser</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Influenza (including avian influenza and swine influenza)</article-title><source>Mandell, Douglass, and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases</source><year>2015</year><publisher-loc>Philadelphia</publisher-loc><publisher-name>Elsevier Co</publisher-name><fpage>2000</fpage><lpage>2025</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR27"><label>27.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alfelali</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Barasheed</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Tashani</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Azeem</surname><given-names>MI</given-names></name><name><surname>El Bashir</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name><name><surname>Heron</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Khandaker</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Booy</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Rashid</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Hajj Research</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Changes in the prevalence of influenza-like illness and influenza vaccine uptake among Hajj pilgrims: a 10-year retrospective analysis of data</article-title><source>Vaccine</source><year>2015</year><volume>33</volume><issue>22</issue><fpage>2562</fpage><lpage>2569</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.006</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25887084</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR28"><label>28.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Ulu-Kilic</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Kilic</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Karahocagil</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Shehata</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Eren-Tulek</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Yetkin</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Celen</surname><given-names>MK</given-names></name><name><surname>Ceran</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Gul</surname><given-names>HC</given-names></name><name><surname>Mert</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Tekin-Koruk</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Dizbay</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Inal</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name><name><surname>Nayman-Alpat</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Bosilkovski</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Inan</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Saltoglu</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Abdel-Baky</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Adeva-Bartolome</surname><given-names>MT</given-names></name><name><surname>Ceylan</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Sacar</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Turhan</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Elaldi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Kocak-Tufan</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Ugurlu</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Dokuzoguz</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Gundes</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Guner</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Ozgunes</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Ulcay</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Unal</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Dayan</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Gorenek</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Karakas</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Tasova</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Usluer</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Bayindir</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Kurtaran</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Sipahi</surname><given-names>OR</given-names></name><name><surname>Leblebicioglu</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Efficacy and tolerability of antibiotic combinations in neurobrucellosis: results of the Istanbul study</article-title><source>Antimicrob Agents Chemother</source><year>2012</year><volume>56</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>1523</fpage><lpage>1528</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/AAC.05974-11</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22155822</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR29"><label>29.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Assiri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>McGeer</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Perl</surname><given-names>TM</given-names></name><name><surname>Price</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name><name><surname>Al Rabeeah</surname><given-names>AA</given-names></name><name><surname>Cummings</surname><given-names>DA</given-names></name><name><surname>Alabdullatif</surname><given-names>ZN</given-names></name><name><surname>Assad</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Almulhim</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Makhdoom</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Madani</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Alhakeem</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name><name><surname>Cotten</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Watson</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Kellam</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Zumla</surname><given-names>AI</given-names></name><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><year>2013</year><volume>369</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>407</fpage><lpage>416</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1306742</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23782161</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR30"><label>30.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Assiri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Rabeeah</surname><given-names>AA</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Rabiah</surname><given-names>FA</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Hajjar</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Barrak</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Flemban</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Nassir</surname><given-names>WN</given-names></name><name><surname>Balkhy</surname><given-names>HH</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Hakeem</surname><given-names>RF</given-names></name><name><surname>Makhdoom</surname><given-names>HQ</given-names></name><name><surname>Zumla</surname><given-names>AI</given-names></name><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study</article-title><source>Lancet Infect Dis</source><year>2013</year><volume>13</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>752</fpage><lpage>761</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70204-4</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23891402</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR31"><label>31.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name><name><surname>Zumla</surname><given-names>AI</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Hakeem</surname><given-names>RF</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Rabeeah</surname><given-names>AA</given-names></name><name><surname>Stephens</surname><given-names>GM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><year>2013</year><volume>368</volume><issue>26</issue><fpage>2487</fpage><lpage>2494</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1303729</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23718156</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR32"><label>32.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Erdem</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Unal</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>New global viral threats</article-title><source>Saudi Med J</source><year>2015</year><volume>36</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>393</fpage><lpage>398</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15537/smj.2015.4.10089</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25828274</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Memish ZA, Assiri A, Turkestani A, Yezli S, Al Masri M, Charrel R, Drali T, Gaudart J, Edouard S, Parola P, Gautret P (2015) Mass gathering and globalization of respiratory pathogens during the 2013 Hajj. Clin Microbiol Infect 21 (6):571 e571-578</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="CR34"><label>34.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Annan</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Owusu</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Marfo</surname><given-names>KS</given-names></name><name><surname>Larbi</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Sarpong</surname><given-names>FN</given-names></name><name><surname>Adu-Sarkodie</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Amankwa</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Fiafemetsi</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Drosten</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Owusu-Dabo</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Eckerle</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>High prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Hajj pilgrims returning to Ghana, 2013</article-title><source>Trop Med Int Health</source><year>2015</year><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>807</fpage><lpage>812</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/tmi.12482</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25688471</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR35"><label>35.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gautret</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Charrel</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Benkouiten</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Belhouchat</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Nougairede</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Drali</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Salez</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>ZA</given-names></name><name><surname>Al Masri</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Lagier</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name><name><surname>Million</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Raoult</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Brouqui</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Parola</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Lack of MERS coronavirus but prevalence of influenza virus in French pilgrims after 2013 Hajj</article-title><source>Emerg Infect Dis</source><year>2014</year><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>728</fpage><lpage>730</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3201/eid2004.131708</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24656283</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000364 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000364 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= MersV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé=
|texte=
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |