Real Time Metagenomics: Using k-mers to annotate metagenomes
Identifieur interne : 001284 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001283; suivant : 001285Real Time Metagenomics: Using k-mers to annotate metagenomes
Auteurs : Robert A. Edwards [États-Unis] ; Robert Olson [États-Unis] ; Terry Disz [États-Unis] ; Gordon D. Pusch [États-Unis] ; Veronika Vonstein [États-Unis] ; Rick Stevens [États-Unis] ; Ross Overbeek [États-Unis]Source :
- Bioinformatics [ 1367-4803 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts599
PubMed: 23047562
PubMed Central: 3519453
Affiliations:
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Edwards</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Department of Biology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, Robert" sort="Olson, Robert" uniqKey="Olson R" first="Robert" last="Olson">Robert Olson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="bts599-AFF1">Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Chicago</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Disz, Terry" sort="Disz, Terry" uniqKey="Disz T" first="Terry" last="Disz">Terry Disz</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="bts599-AFF1">Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Chicago</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pusch, Gordon D" sort="Pusch, Gordon D" uniqKey="Pusch G" first="Gordon D." last="Pusch">Gordon D. Pusch</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="bts599-AFF1">Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Chicago</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vonstein, Veronika" sort="Vonstein, Veronika" uniqKey="Vonstein V" first="Veronika" last="Vonstein">Veronika Vonstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Fellowship for the Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Fellowship for the Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stevens, Rick" sort="Stevens, Rick" uniqKey="Stevens R" first="Rick" last="Stevens">Rick Stevens</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="bts599-AFF1">Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Chicago</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Overbeek, Ross" sort="Overbeek, Ross" uniqKey="Overbeek R" first="Ross" last="Overbeek">Ross Overbeek</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Fellowship for the Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Fellowship for the Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23047562</idno><idno type="pmc">3519453</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3519453</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3519453</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/bioinformatics/bts599</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000B09</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000B09</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000B09</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000B09</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001284</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001284</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Real Time Metagenomics: Using <italic>k</italic>-mers to annotate metagenomes</title><author><name sortKey="Edwards, Robert A" sort="Edwards, Robert A" uniqKey="Edwards R" first="Robert A." last="Edwards">Robert A. Edwards</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Department of Biology,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, Robert" sort="Olson, Robert" uniqKey="Olson R" first="Robert" last="Olson">Robert Olson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="bts599-AFF1">Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Chicago</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Disz, Terry" sort="Disz, Terry" uniqKey="Disz T" first="Terry" last="Disz">Terry Disz</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="bts599-AFF1">Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Chicago</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pusch, Gordon D" sort="Pusch, Gordon D" uniqKey="Pusch G" first="Gordon D." last="Pusch">Gordon D. Pusch</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="bts599-AFF1">Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Chicago</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vonstein, Veronika" sort="Vonstein, Veronika" uniqKey="Vonstein V" first="Veronika" last="Vonstein">Veronika Vonstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Fellowship for the Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Fellowship for the Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stevens, Rick" sort="Stevens, Rick" uniqKey="Stevens R" first="Rick" last="Stevens">Rick Stevens</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="bts599-AFF1">Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Chicago</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Overbeek, Ross" sort="Overbeek, Ross" uniqKey="Overbeek R" first="Ross" last="Overbeek">Ross Overbeek</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="bts599-AFF1">Fellowship for the Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Fellowship for the Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Bioinformatics</title><idno type="ISSN">1367-4803</idno><idno type="eISSN">1367-4811</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Summary:</bold> Annotation of metagenomes involves comparing the individual sequence reads with a database of known sequences and assigning a unique function to each read. This is a time-consuming task that is computationally intensive (though not computationally complex). Here we present a novel approach to annotate metagenomes using unique <italic>k</italic>-mer oligopeptide sequences from 7 to 12 amino acids long. We demonstrate that <italic>k-</italic>mer-based annotations are faster and approach the sensitivity and precision of blastx-based annotations without loosing accuracy. A last-common ancestor approach was also developed to describe the members of the community.</p><p><bold>Availability and implementation:</bold> This open-source application was implemented in Perl and can be accessed via a user-friendly website at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://edwards.sdsu.edu/rtmg">http://edwards.sdsu.edu/rtmg</ext-link>. In addition, code to access the annotation servers is available for download from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.theseed.org/">http://www.theseed.org/</ext-link>. FIGfams and <italic>k</italic>-mers are available for download from <ext-link ext-link-type="ftp" xlink:href="ftp://ftp.theseed.org/FIGfams/">ftp://ftp.theseed.org/FIGfams/</ext-link>.</p><p><bold>Contact:</bold><email>redwards@mail.sdsu.edu</email></p><p><bold>Supplementary information:</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/bts599/DC1">Supplementary data</ext-link> are available at <italic>Bioinformatics</italic> online.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Angly, F E" uniqKey="Angly F">F.E. Angly</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dinsdale, E A" uniqKey="Dinsdale E">E.A. Dinsdale</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meyer, F" uniqKey="Meyer F">F. Meyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meyer, F" uniqKey="Meyer F">F. Meyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Overbeek, R" uniqKey="Overbeek R">R. Overbeek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilkening, J" uniqKey="Wilkening J">J. Wilkening</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wommack, K E" uniqKey="Wommack K">K.E. Wommack</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Bioinformatics</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Bioinformatics</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bioinformatics</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">bioinfo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Bioinformatics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1367-4803</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1367-4811</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23047562</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3519453</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/bioinformatics/bts599</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">bts599</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Applications Note</subject><subj-group><subject>Genome Analysis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Real Time Metagenomics: Using <italic>k</italic>-mers to annotate metagenomes</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Edwards</surname><given-names>Robert A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="bts599-COR1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olson</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Disz</surname><given-names>Terry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pusch</surname><given-names>Gordon D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vonstein</surname><given-names>Veronika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stevens</surname><given-names>Rick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Overbeek</surname><given-names>Ross</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="bts599-AFF1"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="bts599-AFF1"><sup>1</sup>Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA,<sup>2</sup>Department of Biology,<sup>3</sup>Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA,<sup>4</sup>Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA and<sup>5</sup>Fellowship for the Interpretation of Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="bts599-COR1">*To whom correspondence should be addressed.</corresp><fn><p>Associate Editor: Michael Brudno</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>9</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>9</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>28</volume><issue>24</issue><fpage>3316</fpage><lpage>3317</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>7</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>7</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license license-type="creative-commons" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><bold>Summary:</bold> Annotation of metagenomes involves comparing the individual sequence reads with a database of known sequences and assigning a unique function to each read. This is a time-consuming task that is computationally intensive (though not computationally complex). Here we present a novel approach to annotate metagenomes using unique <italic>k</italic>-mer oligopeptide sequences from 7 to 12 amino acids long. We demonstrate that <italic>k-</italic>mer-based annotations are faster and approach the sensitivity and precision of blastx-based annotations without loosing accuracy. A last-common ancestor approach was also developed to describe the members of the community.</p><p><bold>Availability and implementation:</bold> This open-source application was implemented in Perl and can be accessed via a user-friendly website at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://edwards.sdsu.edu/rtmg">http://edwards.sdsu.edu/rtmg</ext-link>. In addition, code to access the annotation servers is available for download from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.theseed.org/">http://www.theseed.org/</ext-link>. FIGfams and <italic>k</italic>-mers are available for download from <ext-link ext-link-type="ftp" xlink:href="ftp://ftp.theseed.org/FIGfams/">ftp://ftp.theseed.org/FIGfams/</ext-link>.</p><p><bold>Contact:</bold><email>redwards@mail.sdsu.edu</email></p><p><bold>Supplementary information:</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/bts599/DC1">Supplementary data</ext-link> are available at <italic>Bioinformatics</italic> online.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="2"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Illinois</li></region><settlement><li>Chicago</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Chicago</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Illinois"><name sortKey="Edwards, Robert A" sort="Edwards, Robert A" uniqKey="Edwards R" first="Robert A." last="Edwards">Robert A. Edwards</name></region><name sortKey="Disz, Terry" sort="Disz, Terry" uniqKey="Disz T" first="Terry" last="Disz">Terry Disz</name><name sortKey="Disz, Terry" sort="Disz, Terry" uniqKey="Disz T" first="Terry" last="Disz">Terry Disz</name><name sortKey="Edwards, Robert A" sort="Edwards, Robert A" uniqKey="Edwards R" first="Robert A." last="Edwards">Robert A. Edwards</name><name sortKey="Olson, Robert" sort="Olson, Robert" uniqKey="Olson R" first="Robert" last="Olson">Robert Olson</name><name sortKey="Olson, Robert" sort="Olson, Robert" uniqKey="Olson R" first="Robert" last="Olson">Robert Olson</name><name sortKey="Overbeek, Ross" sort="Overbeek, Ross" uniqKey="Overbeek R" first="Ross" last="Overbeek">Ross Overbeek</name><name sortKey="Pusch, Gordon D" sort="Pusch, Gordon D" uniqKey="Pusch G" first="Gordon D." last="Pusch">Gordon D. Pusch</name><name sortKey="Pusch, Gordon D" sort="Pusch, Gordon D" uniqKey="Pusch G" first="Gordon D." last="Pusch">Gordon D. Pusch</name><name sortKey="Stevens, Rick" sort="Stevens, Rick" uniqKey="Stevens R" first="Rick" last="Stevens">Rick Stevens</name><name sortKey="Stevens, Rick" sort="Stevens, Rick" uniqKey="Stevens R" first="Rick" last="Stevens">Rick Stevens</name><name sortKey="Vonstein, Veronika" sort="Vonstein, Veronika" uniqKey="Vonstein V" first="Veronika" last="Vonstein">Veronika Vonstein</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MersV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |