Tailoring Subunit Vaccine Immunity with Adjuvant Combinations and Delivery Routes Using the Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Receptor-Binding Domain as an Antigen
Identifieur interne : 000F59 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000F58; suivant : 000F60Tailoring Subunit Vaccine Immunity with Adjuvant Combinations and Delivery Routes Using the Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Receptor-Binding Domain as an Antigen
Auteurs : Jiaming Lan [République populaire de Chine] ; Yao Deng [République populaire de Chine] ; Hong Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Guangwen Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; Wen Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaojuan Guo [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhuozhuang Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; George F. Gao [République populaire de Chine] ; Wenjie Tan [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine is critical for prevention of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pandemic. Some studies have indicated the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of MERS-CoV spike (S) is a good candidate antigen for a MERS-CoV subunit vaccine. However, highly purified proteins are typically not inherently immunogenic. We hypothesised that humoral and cell-mediated immunity would be improved with a modification of the vaccination regimen. Therefore, the immunogenicity of a novel MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccine was tested in mice using different adjuvant formulations and delivery routes. Different vaccination regimens were compared in BALB/c mice immunized 3 times intramuscularly (i.m.) with a vaccine containing 10 µg of recombinant MERS-CoV RBD in combination with either aluminium hydroxide (alum) alone, alum and polyriboinosinic acid (poly I:C) or alum and cysteine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). The immune responses of mice vaccinated with RBD, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) and CpG ODN by a subcutaneous (s.c.) route were also investigated. We evaluated the induction of RBD-specific humoral immunity (total IgG and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular immunity (ELISpot assay for IFN-γ spot-forming cells and splenocyte cytokine production). Our findings indicated that the combination of alum and CpG ODN optimized the development of RBD-specific humoral and cellular immunity following subunit vaccination. Interestingly, robust RBD-specific antibody and T-cell responses were induced in mice immunized with the rRBD protein in combination with IFA and CpG ODN, but low level of neutralizing antibodies were elicited. Our data suggest that murine immunity following subunit vaccination can be tailored using adjuvant combinations and delivery routes. The vaccination regimen used in this study is promising and could improve the protection offered by the MERS-CoV subunit vaccine by eliciting effective humoral and cellular immune responses.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112602
PubMed: 25405618
PubMed Central: 4236105
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4236105Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Tailoring Subunit Vaccine Immunity with Adjuvant Combinations and Delivery Routes Using the Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Receptor-Binding Domain as an Antigen</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lan, Jiaming" sort="Lan, Jiaming" uniqKey="Lan J" first="Jiaming" last="Lan">Jiaming Lan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Shijiazhuang 050017</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deng, Yao" sort="Deng, Yao" uniqKey="Deng Y" first="Yao" last="Deng">Yao Deng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Hong" sort="Chen, Hong" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hong" last="Chen">Hong Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Guangwen" sort="Lu, Guangwen" uniqKey="Lu G" first="Guangwen" last="Lu">Guangwen Lu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Wen" sort="Wang, Wen" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wen" last="Wang">Wen Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaojuan" sort="Guo, Xiaojuan" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaojuan" last="Guo">Xiaojuan Guo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Zhuozhuang" sort="Lu, Zhuozhuang" uniqKey="Lu Z" first="Zhuozhuang" last="Lu">Zhuozhuang Lu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, George F" sort="Gao, George F" uniqKey="Gao G" first="George F." last="Gao">George F. Gao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tan, Wenjie" sort="Tan, Wenjie" uniqKey="Tan W" first="Wenjie" last="Tan">Wenjie Tan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25405618</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4236105</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4236105</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4236105</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0112602</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001091</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001091</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001091</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001091</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000F59</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000F59</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Tailoring Subunit Vaccine Immunity with Adjuvant Combinations and Delivery Routes Using the Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Receptor-Binding Domain as an Antigen</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lan, Jiaming" sort="Lan, Jiaming" uniqKey="Lan J" first="Jiaming" last="Lan">Jiaming Lan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Shijiazhuang 050017</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deng, Yao" sort="Deng, Yao" uniqKey="Deng Y" first="Yao" last="Deng">Yao Deng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Hong" sort="Chen, Hong" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hong" last="Chen">Hong Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Guangwen" sort="Lu, Guangwen" uniqKey="Lu G" first="Guangwen" last="Lu">Guangwen Lu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Wen" sort="Wang, Wen" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wen" last="Wang">Wen Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaojuan" sort="Guo, Xiaojuan" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaojuan" last="Guo">Xiaojuan Guo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Zhuozhuang" sort="Lu, Zhuozhuang" uniqKey="Lu Z" first="Zhuozhuang" last="Lu">Zhuozhuang Lu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, George F" sort="Gao, George F" uniqKey="Gao G" first="George F." last="Gao">George F. Gao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tan, Wenjie" sort="Tan, Wenjie" uniqKey="Tan W" first="Wenjie" last="Tan">Wenjie Tan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The development of an effective vaccine is critical for prevention of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pandemic. Some studies have indicated the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of MERS-CoV spike (S) is a good candidate antigen for a MERS-CoV subunit vaccine. However, highly purified proteins are typically not inherently immunogenic. We hypothesised that humoral and cell-mediated immunity would be improved with a modification of the vaccination regimen. Therefore, the immunogenicity of a novel MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccine was tested in mice using different adjuvant formulations and delivery routes. Different vaccination regimens were compared in BALB/c mice immunized 3 times intramuscularly (i.m.) with a vaccine containing 10 µg of recombinant MERS-CoV RBD in combination with either aluminium hydroxide (alum) alone, alum and polyriboinosinic acid (poly I:C) or alum and cysteine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). The immune responses of mice vaccinated with RBD, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) and CpG ODN by a subcutaneous (s.c.) route were also investigated. We evaluated the induction of RBD-specific humoral immunity (total IgG and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular immunity (ELISpot assay for IFN-γ spot-forming cells and splenocyte cytokine production). Our findings indicated that the combination of alum and CpG ODN optimized the development of RBD-specific humoral and cellular immunity following subunit vaccination. Interestingly, robust RBD-specific antibody and T-cell responses were induced in mice immunized with the rRBD protein in combination with IFA and CpG ODN, but low level of neutralizing antibodies were elicited. Our data suggest that murine immunity following subunit vaccination can be tailored using adjuvant combinations and delivery routes. The vaccination regimen used in this study is promising and could improve the protection offered by the MERS-CoV subunit vaccine by eliciting effective humoral and cellular immune responses.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Ad" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">AD Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouchier, Ra" uniqKey="Fouchier R">RA Fouchier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, L" uniqKey="Lu L">L Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Q" uniqKey="Liu Q">Q Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, L" uniqKey="Du L">L Du</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, S" uniqKey="Jiang S">S Jiang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azhar, Ei" uniqKey="Azhar E">EI Azhar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Kafrawy, Sa" uniqKey="El Kafrawy S">SA El-Kafrawy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farraj, Sa" uniqKey="Farraj S">SA Farraj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hassan, Am" uniqKey="Hassan A">AM Hassan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Saeed, Ms" uniqKey="Al Saeed M">MS Al-Saeed</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ma, C" uniqKey="Ma C">C Ma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, G" uniqKey="Zhao G">G Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tao, X" uniqKey="Tao X">X Tao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Du, L" uniqKey="Du L">L Du</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kou, Z" uniqKey="Kou Z">Z Kou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, C" uniqKey="Ma C">C Ma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tao, X" uniqKey="Tao X">X Tao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Du, L" uniqKey="Du L">L Du</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, G" uniqKey="Zhao G">G Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kou, Z" uniqKey="Kou Z">Z Kou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, C" uniqKey="Ma C">C Ma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, S" uniqKey="Sun S">S Sun</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mou, H" uniqKey="Mou H">H Mou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raj, Vs" uniqKey="Raj V">VS Raj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Kuppeveld, Fjm" uniqKey="Van Kuppeveld F">FJM van Kuppeveld</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rottier, Pjm" uniqKey="Rottier P">PJM Rottier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Gregorio, E" uniqKey="De Gregorio E">E De Gregorio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caproni, E" uniqKey="Caproni E">E Caproni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ulmer, Jb" uniqKey="Ulmer J">JB Ulmer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haining, Wn" uniqKey="Haining W">WN Haining</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Dg" uniqKey="Anderson D">DG Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Little, Sr" uniqKey="Little S">SR Little</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von Bergwelt Baildon, Ms" uniqKey="Von Bergwelt Baildon M">MS von Bergwelt-Baildon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cardoso, Aa" uniqKey="Cardoso A">AA Cardoso</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oleszycka, E" uniqKey="Oleszycka E">E Oleszycka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lavelle, Ec" uniqKey="Lavelle E">EC Lavelle</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steinhagen, F" uniqKey="Steinhagen F">F Steinhagen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kinjo, T" uniqKey="Kinjo T">T Kinjo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bode, C" uniqKey="Bode C">C Bode</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klinman, Dm" uniqKey="Klinman D">DM Klinman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conforti, Va" uniqKey="Conforti V">VA Conforti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Avila, Dm" uniqKey="De Avila D">DM de Avila</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cummings, Ns" uniqKey="Cummings N">NS Cummings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zanella, R" uniqKey="Zanella R">R Zanella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wells, Kj" uniqKey="Wells K">KJ Wells</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stahl Hennig, C" uniqKey="Stahl Hennig C">C Stahl-Hennig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eisenblatter, M" uniqKey="Eisenblatter M">M Eisenblatter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jasny, E" uniqKey="Jasny E">E Jasny</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rzehak, T" uniqKey="Rzehak T">T Rzehak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tenner Racz, K" uniqKey="Tenner Racz K">K Tenner-Racz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chuai, X" uniqKey="Chuai X">X Chuai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, H" uniqKey="Chen H">H Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, W" uniqKey="Wang W">W Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deng, Y" uniqKey="Deng Y">Y Deng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wen, B" uniqKey="Wen B">B Wen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, J" uniqKey="Wang J">J Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tricoche, N" uniqKey="Tricoche N">N Tricoche</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, L" uniqKey="Du L">L Du</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, M" uniqKey="Hunter M">M Hunter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhan, B" uniqKey="Zhan B">B Zhan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cribbs, Dh" uniqKey="Cribbs D">DH Cribbs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghochikyan, A" uniqKey="Ghochikyan A">A Ghochikyan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasilevko, V" uniqKey="Vasilevko V">V Vasilevko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tran, M" uniqKey="Tran M">M Tran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petrushina, I" uniqKey="Petrushina I">I Petrushina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leroux Roels, G" uniqKey="Leroux Roels G">G Leroux-Roels</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, G" uniqKey="Lu G">G Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Y" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y Hu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Q" uniqKey="Wang Q">Q Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qi, J" uniqKey="Qi J">J Qi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, F" uniqKey="Gao F">F Gao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vermont, Cl" uniqKey="Vermont C">CL Vermont</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Dijken, Hh" uniqKey="Van Dijken H">HH van Dijken</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Limpt, Cj" uniqKey="Van Limpt C">CJ van Limpt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Groot, R" uniqKey="De Groot R">R de Groot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Alphen, L" uniqKey="Van Alphen L">L van Alphen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, G" uniqKey="Zhao G">G Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, L" uniqKey="Du L">L Du</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, C" uniqKey="Ma C">C Ma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, L" uniqKey="Li L">L Li</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, K" uniqKey="Li K">K Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wohlford Lenane, C" uniqKey="Wohlford Lenane C">C Wohlford-Lenane</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agnihothram, Ss" uniqKey="Agnihothram S">SS Agnihothram</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fett, C" uniqKey="Fett C">C Fett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhu, X" uniqKey="Zhu X">X Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Q" uniqKey="Liu Q">Q Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, L" uniqKey="Du L">L Du</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, L" uniqKey="Lu L">L Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, S" uniqKey="Jiang S">S Jiang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jiang, S" uniqKey="Jiang S">S Jiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bottazzi, Me" uniqKey="Bottazzi M">ME Bottazzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, L" uniqKey="Du L">L Du</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lustigman, S" uniqKey="Lustigman S">S Lustigman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tseng, Ct" uniqKey="Tseng C">CT Tseng</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jf" uniqKey="Chan J">JF Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Ks" uniqKey="Li K">KS Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="To, Kk" uniqKey="To K">KK To</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Vc" uniqKey="Cheng V">VC Cheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, H" uniqKey="Chen H">H Chen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Ks" uniqKey="Li K">KS Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsang, Ak" uniqKey="Tsang A">AK Tsang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lam, Cs" uniqKey="Lam C">CS Lam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahmed, S" uniqKey="Ahmed S">S Ahmed</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raj, Vs" uniqKey="Raj V">VS Raj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mou, H" uniqKey="Mou H">H Mou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smits, Sl" uniqKey="Smits S">SL Smits</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dekkers, Dh" uniqKey="Dekkers D">DH Dekkers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Muller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kester, Ke" uniqKey="Kester K">KE Kester</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cummings, Jf" uniqKey="Cummings J">JF Cummings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ofori Anyinam, O" uniqKey="Ofori Anyinam O">O Ofori-Anyinam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ockenhouse, Cf" uniqKey="Ockenhouse C">CF Ockenhouse</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krzych, U" uniqKey="Krzych U">U Krzych</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dychter, Ss" uniqKey="Dychter S">SS Dychter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gold, Da" uniqKey="Gold D">DA Gold</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haller, Mf" uniqKey="Haller M">MF Haller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gong, M" uniqKey="Gong M">M Gong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, J" uniqKey="Zhou J">J Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, C" uniqKey="Yang C">C Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deng, Y" uniqKey="Deng Y">Y Deng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, G" uniqKey="Zhao G">G Zhao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schijns, Ve" uniqKey="Schijns V">VE Schijns</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lavelle, Ec" uniqKey="Lavelle E">EC Lavelle</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Vallecillo, Mf" uniqKey="Sanchez Vallecillo M">MF Sánchez Vallecillo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ullio Gamboa, Gv" uniqKey="Ullio Gamboa G">GV Ullio Gamboa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palma, Sd" uniqKey="Palma S">SD Palma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harman, Mf" uniqKey="Harman M">MF Harman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiodetti, Al" uniqKey="Chiodetti A">AL Chiodetti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Munster, Vj" uniqKey="Munster V">VJ Munster</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Wit, E" uniqKey="De Wit E">E de Wit</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feldmann, H" uniqKey="Feldmann H">H Feldmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Wit, E" uniqKey="De Wit E">E de Wit</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prescott, J" uniqKey="Prescott J">J Prescott</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baseler, L" uniqKey="Baseler L">L Baseler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bushmaker, T" uniqKey="Bushmaker T">T Bushmaker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, T" uniqKey="Thomas T">T Thomas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25405618</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4236105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-14-33326</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0112602</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Vaccination and Immunization</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Vaccines</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Recombinant Vaccines</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Immunologic Adjuvants</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Immunity</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Emerging Infectious Diseases</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Tailoring Subunit Vaccine Immunity with Adjuvant Combinations and Delivery Routes Using the Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Receptor-Binding Domain as an Antigen</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Tailoring MERS-CoV Subunit Vaccine Immunity</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lan</surname>
<given-names>Jiaming</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>¶</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deng</surname>
<given-names>Yao</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>¶</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Hong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>¶</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>Guangwen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>¶</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Wen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>Xiaojuan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>Zhuozhuang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gao</surname>
<given-names>George F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tan</surname>
<given-names>Wenjie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>He</surname>
<given-names>Yuxian</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>tanwj28@163.com</email>
(WT); <email>gaof@im.ac.cn</email>
(GG)</corresp>
<fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: JL YD GL GG WT. Performed the experiments: JL YD HC WW XG ZL. Analyzed the data: JL YD XG WT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HC GL WW XG ZL. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: JL YD GL GG WT.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn1"><p>¶ These authors are co-first authors on this work.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<elocation-id>e112602</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>8</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Lan et al</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Lan et al</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>The development of an effective vaccine is critical for prevention of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pandemic. Some studies have indicated the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of MERS-CoV spike (S) is a good candidate antigen for a MERS-CoV subunit vaccine. However, highly purified proteins are typically not inherently immunogenic. We hypothesised that humoral and cell-mediated immunity would be improved with a modification of the vaccination regimen. Therefore, the immunogenicity of a novel MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccine was tested in mice using different adjuvant formulations and delivery routes. Different vaccination regimens were compared in BALB/c mice immunized 3 times intramuscularly (i.m.) with a vaccine containing 10 µg of recombinant MERS-CoV RBD in combination with either aluminium hydroxide (alum) alone, alum and polyriboinosinic acid (poly I:C) or alum and cysteine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). The immune responses of mice vaccinated with RBD, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) and CpG ODN by a subcutaneous (s.c.) route were also investigated. We evaluated the induction of RBD-specific humoral immunity (total IgG and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular immunity (ELISpot assay for IFN-γ spot-forming cells and splenocyte cytokine production). Our findings indicated that the combination of alum and CpG ODN optimized the development of RBD-specific humoral and cellular immunity following subunit vaccination. Interestingly, robust RBD-specific antibody and T-cell responses were induced in mice immunized with the rRBD protein in combination with IFA and CpG ODN, but low level of neutralizing antibodies were elicited. Our data suggest that murine immunity following subunit vaccination can be tailored using adjuvant combinations and delivery routes. The vaccination regimen used in this study is promising and could improve the protection offered by the MERS-CoV subunit vaccine by eliciting effective humoral and cellular immune responses.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>This work was supported by grants from the State Megaproject for Infectious Disease Research of China (2014ZX10004001-002, 2013ZX10004601) and National 973 Program of China (2011CB504704). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><page-count count="9"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name>
<meta-value>The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper.</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes><title>Data Availability</title>
<p>The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper.</p>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li>
</country>
<settlement><li>Pékin</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lan, Jiaming" sort="Lan, Jiaming" uniqKey="Lan J" first="Jiaming" last="Lan">Jiaming Lan</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Chen, Hong" sort="Chen, Hong" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hong" last="Chen">Hong Chen</name>
<name sortKey="Deng, Yao" sort="Deng, Yao" uniqKey="Deng Y" first="Yao" last="Deng">Yao Deng</name>
<name sortKey="Gao, George F" sort="Gao, George F" uniqKey="Gao G" first="George F." last="Gao">George F. Gao</name>
<name sortKey="Guo, Xiaojuan" sort="Guo, Xiaojuan" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaojuan" last="Guo">Xiaojuan Guo</name>
<name sortKey="Lan, Jiaming" sort="Lan, Jiaming" uniqKey="Lan J" first="Jiaming" last="Lan">Jiaming Lan</name>
<name sortKey="Lu, Guangwen" sort="Lu, Guangwen" uniqKey="Lu G" first="Guangwen" last="Lu">Guangwen Lu</name>
<name sortKey="Lu, Zhuozhuang" sort="Lu, Zhuozhuang" uniqKey="Lu Z" first="Zhuozhuang" last="Lu">Zhuozhuang Lu</name>
<name sortKey="Tan, Wenjie" sort="Tan, Wenjie" uniqKey="Tan W" first="Wenjie" last="Tan">Wenjie Tan</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Wen" sort="Wang, Wen" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wen" last="Wang">Wen Wang</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000F59 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000F59 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Sante |area= MersV1 |flux= Pmc |étape= Checkpoint |type= RBID |clé= PMC:4236105 |texte= Tailoring Subunit Vaccine Immunity with Adjuvant Combinations and Delivery Routes Using the Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Receptor-Binding Domain as an Antigen }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25405618" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MersV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. | ![]() |