A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence
Identifieur interne : 000F31 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000F30; suivant : 000F32A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence
Auteurs : Vineet D. Menachery ; Boyd L. Yount ; Kari Debbink ; Sudhakar Agnihothram ; Lisa E. Gralinski ; Jessica A. Plante ; Rachel L. Graham ; Trevor Scobey ; Xing-Yi Ge [République populaire de Chine] ; Eric F. Donaldson ; Scott H. Randell ; Antonio Lanzavecchia [Suisse] ; Wayne A. Marasco ; Zhengli-Li Shi [République populaire de Chine] ; Ralph S. BaricSource :
- Nature Medicine [ 1078-8956 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Ralph Baric, Vineet Menachery and colleagues characterize a SARS-like coronavirus circulating in Chinese horseshoe bats to determine its potential to infect primary human airway epithelial cells, cause disease in mice and respond to available therapeutics.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nm.3985) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/nm.3985
PubMed: 26552008
PubMed Central: 4797993
Affiliations:
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Menachery</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10698.36</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122483208</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology,</institution><institution>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,</institution></institution-wrap>Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">North Carolina USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yount, Boyd L" sort="Yount, Boyd L" uniqKey="Yount B" first="Boyd L" last="Yount">Boyd L. 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Gralinski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10698.36</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122483208</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology,</institution><institution>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,</institution></institution-wrap>Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">North Carolina USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plante, Jessica A" sort="Plante, Jessica A" uniqKey="Plante J" first="Jessica A" last="Plante">Jessica A. Plante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10698.36</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122483208</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology,</institution><institution>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,</institution></institution-wrap>Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">North Carolina USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, Rachel L" sort="Graham, Rachel L" uniqKey="Graham R" first="Rachel L" last="Graham">Rachel L. 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Marasco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Massachusetts USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.38142.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936754X</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine,</institution><institution>Harvard Medical School,</institution></institution-wrap>Boston, Massachusetts USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Massachusetts USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Zhengli Li" sort="Shi, Zhengli Li" uniqKey="Shi Z" first="Zhengli-Li" last="Shi">Zhengli-Li Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution>Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Wuhan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, Ralph S" sort="Baric, Ralph S" uniqKey="Baric R" first="Ralph S" last="Baric">Ralph S. Baric</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10698.36</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122483208</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology,</institution><institution>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,</institution></institution-wrap>Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">North Carolina USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10698.36</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122483208</institution-id><institution>Department of Microbiology and Immunology,</institution><institution>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,</institution></institution-wrap>Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">North Carolina USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">1078-8956</idno><idno type="eISSN">1546-170X</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par2">Ralph Baric, Vineet Menachery and colleagues characterize a SARS-like coronavirus circulating in Chinese horseshoe bats to determine its potential to infect primary human airway epithelial cells, cause disease in mice and respond to available therapeutics.</p><sec><title>Supplementary information</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nm.3985) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ge, Xy" uniqKey="Ge X">XY Ge</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yount, B" uniqKey="Yount B">B Yount</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Becker, Mm" uniqKey="Becker M">MM Becker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Js" uniqKey="Peiris J">JS Peiris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Ky" uniqKey="Yuen K">KY Yuen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="He, B" uniqKey="He B">B He</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, F" uniqKey="Li F">F Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheahan, T" uniqKey="Sheahan T">T Sheahan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yoshikawa, T" uniqKey="Yoshikawa T">T Yoshikawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Qiu, X" uniqKey="Qiu X">X Qiu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rockx, B" uniqKey="Rockx B">B Rockx</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spruth, M" uniqKey="Spruth M">M Spruth</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bolles, M" uniqKey="Bolles M">M Bolles</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deming, D" uniqKey="Deming D">D Deming</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Graham, Rl" uniqKey="Graham R">RL Graham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Donaldson, Ef" uniqKey="Donaldson E">EF Donaldson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, Rs" uniqKey="Baric R">RS Baric</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Graham, Rl" uniqKey="Graham R">RL Graham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, Rs" uniqKey="Baric R">RS Baric</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Agnihothram, S" uniqKey="Agnihothram S">S Agnihothram</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Relman, Da" uniqKey="Relman D">DA Relman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frieman, M" uniqKey="Frieman M">M Frieman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ren, W" uniqKey="Ren W">W Ren</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sims, Ac" uniqKey="Sims A">AC Sims</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fulcher, Ml" uniqKey="Fulcher M">ML Fulcher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gabriel, S" uniqKey="Gabriel S">S Gabriel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burns, Ka" uniqKey="Burns K">KA Burns</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yankaskas, Jr" uniqKey="Yankaskas J">JR Yankaskas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Randell, Sh" uniqKey="Randell S">SH Randell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Anjeanette" uniqKey="Roberts A">Anjeanette Roberts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deming, Damon" uniqKey="Deming D">Damon Deming</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paddock, Christopher D" uniqKey="Paddock C">Christopher D. Paddock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Aaron" uniqKey="Cheng A">Aaron Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yount, Boyd" uniqKey="Yount B">Boyd Yount</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vogel, Leatrice" uniqKey="Vogel L">Leatrice Vogel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Herman, Brian D" uniqKey="Herman B">Brian D. Herman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheahan, Tim" uniqKey="Sheahan T">Tim Sheahan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heise, Mark" uniqKey="Heise M">Mark Heise</name></author><author><name sortKey="Genrich, Gillian L" uniqKey="Genrich G">Gillian L. Genrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Sherif R" uniqKey="Zaki S">Sherif R. Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, Ralph" uniqKey="Baric R">Ralph Baric</name></author><author><name sortKey="Subbarao, Kanta" uniqKey="Subbarao K">Kanta Subbarao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat. Med</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1078-8956</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1546-170X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group US</publisher-name><publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26552008</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4797993</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BFnm3985</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nm.3985</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Menachery</surname><given-names>Vineet D</given-names></name><address><email>vineet@email.unc.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yount</surname><given-names>Boyd L</given-names><suffix>Jr</suffix></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Debbink</surname><given-names>Kari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agnihothram</surname><given-names>Sudhakar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gralinski</surname><given-names>Lisa E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Plante</surname><given-names>Jessica A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Graham</surname><given-names>Rachel L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scobey</surname><given-names>Trevor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ge</surname><given-names>Xing-Yi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Donaldson</surname><given-names>Eric F</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Randell</surname><given-names>Scott H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lanzavecchia</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marasco</surname><given-names>Wayne A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Zhengli-Li</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Baric</surname><given-names>Ralph S</given-names></name><address><email>rbaric@email.unc.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10698.36</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122483208</institution-id><institution>Department of Epidemiology,</institution><institution>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,</institution></institution-wrap>Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10698.36</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122483208</institution-id><institution>Department of Microbiology and Immunology,</institution><institution>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,</institution></institution-wrap>Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.483504.e</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2158 7187</institution-id><institution>National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration,</institution></institution-wrap>Jefferson, Arkansas USA</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.439104.b</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1798 1925</institution-id><institution>Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,</institution></institution-wrap>Wuhan, China</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10698.36</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122483208</institution-id><institution>Department of Cell Biology and Physiology,</institution><institution>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,</institution></institution-wrap>Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA</aff><aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10698.36</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000122483208</institution-id><institution>Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,</institution></institution-wrap>Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA</aff><aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5801.c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 2780</institution-id><institution>Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona Institute of Microbiology,</institution></institution-wrap>Zurich, Switzerland</aff><aff id="Aff8"><label>8</label>Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA</aff><aff id="Aff9"><label>9</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.38142.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000041936754X</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine,</institution><institution>Harvard Medical School,</institution></institution-wrap>Boston, Massachusetts USA</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>9</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1508</fpage><lpage>1513</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>8</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2015</copyright-statement><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1" abstract-type="web-summary"><p id="Par2">Ralph Baric, Vineet Menachery and colleagues characterize a SARS-like coronavirus circulating in Chinese horseshoe bats to determine its potential to infect primary human airway epithelial cells, cause disease in mice and respond to available therapeutics.</p><sec><title>Supplementary information</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nm.3985) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></abstract><abstract id="Abs2"><p id="Par3">The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV underscores the threat of cross-species transmission events leading to outbreaks in humans. Here we examine the disease potential of a SARS-like virus, SHC014-CoV, which is currently circulating in Chinese horseshoe bat populations<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref></sup>. Using the SARS-CoV reverse genetics system<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref></sup>, we generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV backbone. The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells and achieve <italic>in vitro</italic> titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. Additionally, <italic>in vivo</italic> experiments demonstrate replication of the chimeric virus in mouse lung with notable pathogenesis. Evaluation of available SARS-based immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy; both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and protect from infection with CoVs using the novel spike protein. On the basis of these findings, we synthetically re-derived an infectious full-length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust viral replication both <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>. Our work suggests a potential risk of SARS-CoV re-emergence from viruses currently circulating in bat populations.</p><sec><title>Supplementary information</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nm.3985) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="npg-subject"><title>Subject terms</title><kwd>Policy and public health in microbiology</kwd><kwd>Viral infection</kwd><kwd>SARS virus</kwd><kwd>Translational research</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2015</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Suisse</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Agnihothram, Sudhakar" sort="Agnihothram, Sudhakar" uniqKey="Agnihothram S" first="Sudhakar" last="Agnihothram">Sudhakar Agnihothram</name><name sortKey="Baric, Ralph S" sort="Baric, Ralph S" uniqKey="Baric R" first="Ralph S" last="Baric">Ralph S. Baric</name><name sortKey="Debbink, Kari" sort="Debbink, Kari" uniqKey="Debbink K" first="Kari" last="Debbink">Kari Debbink</name><name sortKey="Donaldson, Eric F" sort="Donaldson, Eric F" uniqKey="Donaldson E" first="Eric F" last="Donaldson">Eric F. Donaldson</name><name sortKey="Graham, Rachel L" sort="Graham, Rachel L" uniqKey="Graham R" first="Rachel L" last="Graham">Rachel L. Graham</name><name sortKey="Gralinski, Lisa E" sort="Gralinski, Lisa E" uniqKey="Gralinski L" first="Lisa E" last="Gralinski">Lisa E. Gralinski</name><name sortKey="Marasco, Wayne A" sort="Marasco, Wayne A" uniqKey="Marasco W" first="Wayne A" last="Marasco">Wayne A. Marasco</name><name sortKey="Menachery, Vineet D" sort="Menachery, Vineet D" uniqKey="Menachery V" first="Vineet D" last="Menachery">Vineet D. Menachery</name><name sortKey="Plante, Jessica A" sort="Plante, Jessica A" uniqKey="Plante J" first="Jessica A" last="Plante">Jessica A. Plante</name><name sortKey="Randell, Scott H" sort="Randell, Scott H" uniqKey="Randell S" first="Scott H" last="Randell">Scott H. Randell</name><name sortKey="Scobey, Trevor" sort="Scobey, Trevor" uniqKey="Scobey T" first="Trevor" last="Scobey">Trevor Scobey</name><name sortKey="Yount, Boyd L" sort="Yount, Boyd L" uniqKey="Yount B" first="Boyd L" last="Yount">Boyd L. Yount</name></noCountry><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ge, Xing Yi" sort="Ge, Xing Yi" uniqKey="Ge X" first="Xing-Yi" last="Ge">Xing-Yi Ge</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Shi, Zhengli Li" sort="Shi, Zhengli Li" uniqKey="Shi Z" first="Zhengli-Li" last="Shi">Zhengli-Li Shi</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lanzavecchia, Antonio" sort="Lanzavecchia, Antonio" uniqKey="Lanzavecchia A" first="Antonio" last="Lanzavecchia">Antonio Lanzavecchia</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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