Viral Shedding and Antibody Response in 37 Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Identifieur interne : 000C90 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000C89; suivant : 000C91Viral Shedding and Antibody Response in 37 Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Auteurs : Victor M. Corman [Allemagne] ; Ali M. Albarrak ; Ali Senosi Omrani ; Mohammed M. Albarrak ; Mohamed Elamin Farah ; Malak Almasri ; Doreen Muth [Allemagne] ; Andrea Sieberg ; Benjamin Meyer ; Abdullah M. Assiri ; Tabea Binger ; Katja Steinhagen [Allemagne] ; Erik Lattwein [Allemagne] ; Jaffar Al-Tawfiq ; Marcel A. Müller ; Christian Drosten [Allemagne] ; Ziad A. MemishSource :
- Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America [ 1058-4838 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
In a study of viral load, shedding, and immune response in 37 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, virus was not eliminated upon development of neutralizing serum antibodies. Vaccination strategies should not be restricted to eliciting neutralizing antibodies.
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ951
PubMed: 26565003
PubMed Central: 7108065
Affiliations:
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Albarrak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omrani, Ali Senosi" sort="Omrani, Ali Senosi" uniqKey="Omrani A" first="Ali Senosi" last="Omrani">Ali Senosi Omrani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albarrak, Mohammed M" sort="Albarrak, Mohammed M" uniqKey="Albarrak M" first="Mohammed M." last="Albarrak">Mohammed M. 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Assiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6"><institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binger, Tabea" sort="Binger, Tabea" uniqKey="Binger T" first="Tabea" last="Binger">Tabea Binger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinhagen, Katja" sort="Steinhagen, Katja" uniqKey="Steinhagen K" first="Katja" last="Steinhagen">Katja Steinhagen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7"><institution>Euroimmun AG</institution>,<addr-line>Lübeck</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lattwein, Erik" sort="Lattwein, Erik" uniqKey="Lattwein E" first="Erik" last="Lattwein">Erik Lattwein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7"><institution>Euroimmun AG</institution>,<addr-line>Lübeck</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar" sort="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J" first="Jaffar" last="Al-Tawfiq">Jaffar Al-Tawfiq</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8"><institution>Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare</institution>,<addr-line>Dhahran</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af9"><institution>Indiana University School of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line>Indianapolis</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Marcel A" sort="Muller, Marcel A" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Marcel A." last="Müller">Marcel A. 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Corman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne</institution>,<addr-line>Bonn</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albarrak, Ali M" sort="Albarrak, Ali M" uniqKey="Albarrak A" first="Ali M." last="Albarrak">Ali M. Albarrak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omrani, Ali Senosi" sort="Omrani, Ali Senosi" uniqKey="Omrani A" first="Ali Senosi" last="Omrani">Ali Senosi Omrani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albarrak, Mohammed M" sort="Albarrak, Mohammed M" uniqKey="Albarrak M" first="Mohammed M." last="Albarrak">Mohammed M. Albarrak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4"><addr-line>Department of Critical Care</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farah, Mohamed Elamin" sort="Farah, Mohamed Elamin" uniqKey="Farah M" first="Mohamed Elamin" last="Farah">Mohamed Elamin Farah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Microbiology Division</addr-line>,<institution>Prince Sultan Military City</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almasri, Malak" sort="Almasri, Malak" uniqKey="Almasri M" first="Malak" last="Almasri">Malak Almasri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6"><institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne</institution>,<addr-line>Bonn</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sieberg, Andrea" sort="Sieberg, Andrea" uniqKey="Sieberg A" first="Andrea" last="Sieberg">Andrea Sieberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Benjamin" sort="Meyer, Benjamin" uniqKey="Meyer B" first="Benjamin" last="Meyer">Benjamin Meyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assiri, Abdullah M" sort="Assiri, Abdullah M" uniqKey="Assiri A" first="Abdullah M." last="Assiri">Abdullah M. Assiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6"><institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binger, Tabea" sort="Binger, Tabea" uniqKey="Binger T" first="Tabea" last="Binger">Tabea Binger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinhagen, Katja" sort="Steinhagen, Katja" uniqKey="Steinhagen K" first="Katja" last="Steinhagen">Katja Steinhagen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7"><institution>Euroimmun AG</institution>,<addr-line>Lübeck</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lattwein, Erik" sort="Lattwein, Erik" uniqKey="Lattwein E" first="Erik" last="Lattwein">Erik Lattwein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7"><institution>Euroimmun AG</institution>,<addr-line>Lübeck</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar" sort="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J" first="Jaffar" last="Al-Tawfiq">Jaffar Al-Tawfiq</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8"><institution>Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare</institution>,<addr-line>Dhahran</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af9"><institution>Indiana University School of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line>Indianapolis</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Marcel A" sort="Muller, Marcel A" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Marcel A." last="Müller">Marcel A. Müller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne</institution>,<addr-line>Bonn</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A." last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6"><institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af10"><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</title><idno type="ISSN">1058-4838</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6591</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In a study of viral load, shedding, and immune response in 37 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, virus was not eliminated upon development of neutralizing serum antibodies. Vaccination strategies should not be restricted to eliciting neutralizing antibodies.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Ad" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">AD Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, Ra" uniqKey="Fouchier R">RA Fouchier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oboho, Ik" uniqKey="Oboho I">IK Oboho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomczyk, Sm" uniqKey="Tomczyk S">SM Tomczyk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Asmari, Am" uniqKey="Al Asmari A">AM Al-Asmari</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin. Infect. Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cid</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">cid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1058-4838</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-6591</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26565003</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7108065</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/cid/civ951</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">civ951</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles and Commentaries</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Viral Shedding and Antibody Response in 37 Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Corman</surname><given-names>Victor M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><pmc-comment>drosten@virology-bonn.de </pmc-comment>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="d1168e272"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Albarrak</surname><given-names>Ali M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Omrani</surname><given-names>Ali Senosi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Albarrak</surname><given-names>Mohammed M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Farah</surname><given-names>Mohamed Elamin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Almasri</surname><given-names>Malak</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muth</surname><given-names>Doreen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sieberg</surname><given-names>Andrea</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meyer</surname><given-names>Benjamin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Assiri</surname><given-names>Abdullah M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Binger</surname><given-names>Tabea</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Steinhagen</surname><given-names>Katja</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lattwein</surname><given-names>Erik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname><given-names>Jaffar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Müller</surname><given-names>Marcel A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Drosten</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><author-comment content-type="other"><title>a</title><p>C. D. and Z. A. M. contributed equally to this work.</p></author-comment><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Memish</surname><given-names>Ziad A.</given-names></name><author-comment content-type="other"><title>a</title><p>C. D. and Z. A. M. contributed equally to this work.</p></author-comment><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af10">10</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1"><label>1</label><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre</institution></aff><aff id="af2"><label>2</label><institution>German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne</institution>,<addr-line>Bonn</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="af3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Division of Infectious Diseases</addr-line></aff><aff id="af4"><label>4</label><addr-line>Department of Critical Care</addr-line></aff><aff id="af5"><label>5</label><addr-line>Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Microbiology Division</addr-line>,<institution>Prince Sultan Military City</institution></aff><aff id="af6"><label>6</label><institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="af7"><label>7</label><institution>Euroimmun AG</institution>,<addr-line>Lübeck</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="af8"><label>8</label><institution>Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare</institution>,<addr-line>Dhahran</addr-line></aff><aff id="af9"><label>9</label><institution>Indiana University School of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line>Indianapolis</addr-line></aff><aff id="af10"><label>10</label><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country></aff><author-notes><fn id="AN1" fn-type="con"><label>a</label><p>C. D. and Z. A. M. contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><corresp id="d1168e272">Correspondence: C. Drosten, Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn D-53127, Germany (<email>drosten@virology-bonn.de</email>).</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>15</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2015-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>477</fpage><lpage>483</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail <email>journals.permissions@oup.com</email>.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="civ951.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="teaser"><p>In a study of viral load, shedding, and immune response in 37 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, virus was not eliminated upon development of neutralizing serum antibodies. Vaccination strategies should not be restricted to eliciting neutralizing antibodies.</p></abstract><abstract><title>Abstract</title><p><bold><italic>Background.</italic></bold> The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus causes isolated cases and outbreaks of severe respiratory disease. Essential features of the natural history of disease are poorly understood.</p><p><bold><italic>Methods.</italic></bold> We studied 37 adult patients infected with MERS coronavirus for viral load in the lower and upper respiratory tracts (LRT and URT, respectively), blood, stool, and urine. Antibodies and serum neutralizing activities were determined over the course of disease.</p><p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> One hundred ninety-nine LRT samples collected during the 3 weeks following diagnosis yielded virus RNA in 93% of tests. Average (maximum) viral loads were 5 × 10<sup>6</sup> (6 × 10<sup>10</sup>) copies/mL. Viral loads (positive detection frequencies) in 84 URT samples were 1.9 × 10<sup>4</sup> copies/mL (47.6%). Thirty-three percent of all 108 serum samples tested yielded viral RNA. Only 14.6% of stool and 2.4% of urine samples yielded viral RNA. All seroconversions occurred during the first 2 weeks after diagnosis, which corresponds to the second and third week after symptom onset. Immunoglobulin M detection provided no advantage in sensitivity over immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection. All surviving patients, but only slightly more than half of all fatal cases, produced IgG and neutralizing antibodies. The levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies were weakly and inversely correlated with LRT viral loads. Presence of antibodies did not lead to the elimination of virus from LRT.</p><p><bold><italic>Conclusions.</italic></bold> The timing and intensity of respiratory viral shedding in patients with MERS closely matches that of those with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Blood viral RNA does not seem to be infectious. Extrapulmonary loci of virus replication seem possible. Neutralizing antibodies do not suffice to clear the infection.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>MERS</kwd><kwd>viral load</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>shedding</kwd><kwd>clearance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><award-id>602525</award-id><award-id>DFG DR772/7-1</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar" sort="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J" first="Jaffar" last="Al-Tawfiq">Jaffar Al-Tawfiq</name><name sortKey="Albarrak, Ali M" sort="Albarrak, Ali M" uniqKey="Albarrak A" first="Ali M." last="Albarrak">Ali M. Albarrak</name><name sortKey="Albarrak, Mohammed M" sort="Albarrak, Mohammed M" uniqKey="Albarrak M" first="Mohammed M." last="Albarrak">Mohammed M. Albarrak</name><name sortKey="Almasri, Malak" sort="Almasri, Malak" uniqKey="Almasri M" first="Malak" last="Almasri">Malak Almasri</name><name sortKey="Assiri, Abdullah M" sort="Assiri, Abdullah M" uniqKey="Assiri A" first="Abdullah M." last="Assiri">Abdullah M. Assiri</name><name sortKey="Binger, Tabea" sort="Binger, Tabea" uniqKey="Binger T" first="Tabea" last="Binger">Tabea Binger</name><name sortKey="Farah, Mohamed Elamin" sort="Farah, Mohamed Elamin" uniqKey="Farah M" first="Mohamed Elamin" last="Farah">Mohamed Elamin Farah</name><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A." last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><name sortKey="Meyer, Benjamin" sort="Meyer, Benjamin" uniqKey="Meyer B" first="Benjamin" last="Meyer">Benjamin Meyer</name><name sortKey="Muller, Marcel A" sort="Muller, Marcel A" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Marcel A." last="Müller">Marcel A. Müller</name><name sortKey="Omrani, Ali Senosi" sort="Omrani, Ali Senosi" uniqKey="Omrani A" first="Ali Senosi" last="Omrani">Ali Senosi Omrani</name><name sortKey="Sieberg, Andrea" sort="Sieberg, Andrea" uniqKey="Sieberg A" first="Andrea" last="Sieberg">Andrea Sieberg</name></noCountry><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Corman, Victor M" sort="Corman, Victor M" uniqKey="Corman V" first="Victor M." last="Corman">Victor M. Corman</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><name sortKey="Lattwein, Erik" sort="Lattwein, Erik" uniqKey="Lattwein E" first="Erik" last="Lattwein">Erik Lattwein</name><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name><name sortKey="Steinhagen, Katja" sort="Steinhagen, Katja" uniqKey="Steinhagen K" first="Katja" last="Steinhagen">Katja Steinhagen</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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