Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in the Republic of Korea
Identifieur interne : 000C29 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000C28; suivant : 000C30Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in the Republic of Korea
Auteurs : Won Suk Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Cheol-In Kang [Corée du Sud] ; Yonjae Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Jae-Phil Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Joon Sung Joh [Corée du Sud] ; Hyoung-Shik Shin [Corée du Sud] ; Gayeon Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Kyong Ran Peck [Corée du Sud] ; Doo Ryeon Chung [Corée du Sud] ; Hye Ok Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Sook Hee Song [Corée du Sud] ; Yang Ree Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Kyung Mok Sohn [Corée du Sud] ; Younghee Jung [Corée du Sud] ; Ji Hwan Bang [Corée du Sud] ; Nam Joong Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Kkot Sil Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Hye Won Jeong [Corée du Sud] ; Ji-Young Rhee [Corée du Sud] ; Eu Suk Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Heungjeong Woo [Corée du Sud] ; Won Sup Oh [Corée du Sud] ; Kyungmin Huh [Corée du Sud] ; Young Hyun Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Joon Young Song [Corée du Sud] ; Jacob Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Chang-Seop Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Baek-Nam Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Young Hwa Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Su Jin Jeong [Corée du Sud] ; Jin-Soo Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Ji Hyun Yoon [Corée du Sud] ; Yu Mi Wi [Corée du Sud] ; Mi Kyong Joung [Corée du Sud] ; Seong Yeon Park [Corée du Sud] ; Sun Hee Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Sook-In Jung [Corée du Sud] ; Shin-Woo Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Jae Hoon Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Hyuck Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Hyun Kyun Ki [Corée du Sud] ; Yeon-Sook Kim [Corée du Sud]Source :
- Infection & Chemotherapy [ 2093-2340 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
From May to July 2015, the Republic of Korea experienced the largest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outside the Arabian Peninsula. A total of 186 patients, including 36 deaths, had been diagnosed with MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection as of September 30th, 2015.
We obtained information of patients who were confirmed to have MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV infection was diagnosed using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay.
The median age of the patients was 55 years (range, 16 to 86). A total of 55.4% of the patients had one or more coexisting medical conditions. The most common symptom was fever (95.2%). At admission, leukopenia (42.6%), thrombocytopenia (46.6%), and elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (42.7%) were observed. Pneumonia was detected in 68.3% of patients at admission and developed in 80.8% during the disease course. Antiviral agents were used for 74.7% of patients. Mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and convalescent serum were employed for 24.5%, 7.1%, and 3.8% of patients, respectively. Older age, presence of coexisting medical conditions including diabetes or chronic lung disease, presence of dyspnea, hypotension, and leukocytosis at admission, and the use of mechanical ventilation were revealed to be independent predictors of death.
The clinical features of MERS-CoV infection in the Republic of Korea were similar to those of previous outbreaks in the Middle East. However, the overall mortality rate (20.4%) was lower than that in previous reports. Enhanced surveillance and active management of patients during the outbreak may have resulted in improved outcomes.
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DOI: 10.3947/ic.2016.48.2.118
PubMed: 27433382
PubMed Central: 4945721
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<author><name sortKey="Choi, Won Suk" sort="Choi, Won Suk" uniqKey="Choi W" first="Won Suk" last="Choi">Won Suk Choi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kang, Cheol In" sort="Kang, Cheol In" uniqKey="Kang C" first="Cheol-In" last="Kang">Cheol-In Kang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kim, Yonjae" sort="Kim, Yonjae" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yonjae" last="Kim">Yonjae Kim</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Choi, Jae Phil" sort="Choi, Jae Phil" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jae-Phil" last="Choi">Jae-Phil Choi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Joh, Joon Sung" sort="Joh, Joon Sung" uniqKey="Joh J" first="Joon Sung" last="Joh">Joon Sung Joh</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Shin, Hyoung Shik" sort="Shin, Hyoung Shik" uniqKey="Shin H" first="Hyoung-Shik" last="Shin">Hyoung-Shik Shin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Kim, Gayeon" sort="Kim, Gayeon" uniqKey="Kim G" first="Gayeon" last="Kim">Gayeon Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Peck, Kyong Ran" sort="Peck, Kyong Ran" uniqKey="Peck K" first="Kyong Ran" last="Peck">Kyong Ran Peck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Chung, Doo Ryeon" sort="Chung, Doo Ryeon" uniqKey="Chung D" first="Doo Ryeon" last="Chung">Doo Ryeon Chung</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hye Ok" sort="Kim, Hye Ok" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hye Ok" last="Kim">Hye Ok Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Song, Sook Hee" sort="Song, Sook Hee" uniqKey="Song S" first="Sook Hee" last="Song">Sook Hee Song</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kim, Yang Ree" sort="Kim, Yang Ree" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yang Ree" last="Kim">Yang Ree Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea.</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Sohn, Kyung Mok" sort="Sohn, Kyung Mok" uniqKey="Sohn K" first="Kyung Mok" last="Sohn">Kyung Mok Sohn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Jung, Younghee" sort="Jung, Younghee" uniqKey="Jung Y" first="Younghee" last="Jung">Younghee Jung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bang, Ji Hwan" sort="Bang, Ji Hwan" uniqKey="Bang J" first="Ji Hwan" last="Bang">Ji Hwan Bang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Kim, Nam Joong" sort="Kim, Nam Joong" uniqKey="Kim N" first="Nam Joong" last="Kim">Nam Joong Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Lee, Kkot Sil" sort="Lee, Kkot Sil" uniqKey="Lee K" first="Kkot Sil" last="Lee">Kkot Sil Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seonam University Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seonam University Myongji Hospital, Goyang</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeong, Hye Won" sort="Jeong, Hye Won" uniqKey="Jeong H" first="Hye Won" last="Jeong">Hye Won Jeong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rhee, Ji Young" sort="Rhee, Ji Young" uniqKey="Rhee J" first="Ji-Young" last="Rhee">Ji-Young Rhee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cheonan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Eu Suk" sort="Kim, Eu Suk" uniqKey="Kim E" first="Eu Suk" last="Kim">Eu Suk Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Seongnam</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woo, Heungjeong" sort="Woo, Heungjeong" uniqKey="Woo H" first="Heungjeong" last="Woo">Heungjeong Woo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oh, Won Sup" sort="Oh, Won Sup" uniqKey="Oh W" first="Won Sup" last="Oh">Won Sup Oh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huh, Kyungmin" sort="Huh, Kyungmin" uniqKey="Huh K" first="Kyungmin" last="Huh">Kyungmin Huh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Division of Infectious Diseases and Office of Infection Control, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Office of Infection Control, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Seongnam</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Young Hyun" sort="Lee, Young Hyun" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Young Hyun" last="Lee">Young Hyun Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gyeongju</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, Joon Young" sort="Song, Joon Young" uniqKey="Song J" first="Joon Young" last="Song">Joon Young Song</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jacob" sort="Lee, Jacob" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jacob" last="Lee">Jacob Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Chang Seop" sort="Lee, Chang Seop" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang-Seop" last="Lee">Chang-Seop Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Baek Nam" sort="Kim, Baek Nam" uniqKey="Kim B" first="Baek-Nam" last="Kim">Baek-Nam Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Young Hwa" sort="Choi, Young Hwa" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Young Hwa" last="Choi">Young Hwa Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Suwon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeong, Su Jin" sort="Jeong, Su Jin" uniqKey="Jeong S" first="Su Jin" last="Jeong">Su Jin Jeong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jin Soo" sort="Lee, Jin Soo" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jin-Soo" last="Lee">Jin-Soo Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Incheon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoon, Ji Hyun" sort="Yoon, Ji Hyun" uniqKey="Yoon J" first="Ji Hyun" last="Yoon">Ji Hyun Yoon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Daejeon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wi, Yu Mi" sort="Wi, Yu Mi" uniqKey="Wi Y" first="Yu Mi" last="Wi">Yu Mi Wi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Changwon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joung, Mi Kyong" sort="Joung, Mi Kyong" uniqKey="Joung M" first="Mi Kyong" last="Joung">Mi Kyong Joung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Medical Centre, Busan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Medical Centre, Busan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Seong Yeon" sort="Park, Seong Yeon" uniqKey="Park S" first="Seong Yeon" last="Park">Seong Yeon Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Goyang</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sun Hee" sort="Lee, Sun Hee" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sun Hee" last="Lee">Sun Hee Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jung, Sook In" sort="Jung, Sook In" uniqKey="Jung S" first="Sook-In" last="Jung">Sook-In Jung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnom National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnom National University Medical School, Gwangju</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gwangju</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Shin Woo" sort="Kim, Shin Woo" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Shin-Woo" last="Kim">Shin-Woo Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Daegu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae Hoon" sort="Lee, Jae Hoon" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae Hoon" last="Lee">Jae Hoon Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Iksan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Hyuck" sort="Lee, Hyuck" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Hyuck" last="Lee">Hyuck Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ki, Hyun Kyun" sort="Ki, Hyun Kyun" uniqKey="Ki H" first="Hyun Kyun" last="Ki">Hyun Kyun Ki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A32">Division of Infectious Diseases, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Yeon Sook" sort="Kim, Yeon Sook" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yeon-Sook" last="Kim">Yeon-Sook Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Daejon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27433382</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4945721</idno>
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<idno type="RBID">PMC:4945721</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3947/ic.2016.48.2.118</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in the Republic of Korea</title>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Won Suk" sort="Choi, Won Suk" uniqKey="Choi W" first="Won Suk" last="Choi">Won Suk Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, Cheol In" sort="Kang, Cheol In" uniqKey="Kang C" first="Cheol-In" last="Kang">Cheol-In Kang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Yonjae" sort="Kim, Yonjae" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yonjae" last="Kim">Yonjae Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Jae Phil" sort="Choi, Jae Phil" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jae-Phil" last="Choi">Jae-Phil Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joh, Joon Sung" sort="Joh, Joon Sung" uniqKey="Joh J" first="Joon Sung" last="Joh">Joon Sung Joh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">Respiratory Center, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Respiratory Center, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shin, Hyoung Shik" sort="Shin, Hyoung Shik" uniqKey="Shin H" first="Hyoung-Shik" last="Shin">Hyoung-Shik Shin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Gayeon" sort="Kim, Gayeon" uniqKey="Kim G" first="Gayeon" last="Kim">Gayeon Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peck, Kyong Ran" sort="Peck, Kyong Ran" uniqKey="Peck K" first="Kyong Ran" last="Peck">Kyong Ran Peck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, Doo Ryeon" sort="Chung, Doo Ryeon" uniqKey="Chung D" first="Doo Ryeon" last="Chung">Doo Ryeon Chung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hye Ok" sort="Kim, Hye Ok" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hye Ok" last="Kim">Hye Ok Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, Sook Hee" sort="Song, Sook Hee" uniqKey="Song S" first="Sook Hee" last="Song">Sook Hee Song</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Yang Ree" sort="Kim, Yang Ree" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yang Ree" last="Kim">Yang Ree Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uijeongbu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sohn, Kyung Mok" sort="Sohn, Kyung Mok" uniqKey="Sohn K" first="Kyung Mok" last="Sohn">Kyung Mok Sohn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Daejon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jung, Younghee" sort="Jung, Younghee" uniqKey="Jung Y" first="Younghee" last="Jung">Younghee Jung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Anyang</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bang, Ji Hwan" sort="Bang, Ji Hwan" uniqKey="Bang J" first="Ji Hwan" last="Bang">Ji Hwan Bang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Nam Joong" sort="Kim, Nam Joong" uniqKey="Kim N" first="Nam Joong" last="Kim">Nam Joong Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Kkot Sil" sort="Lee, Kkot Sil" uniqKey="Lee K" first="Kkot Sil" last="Lee">Kkot Sil Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seonam University Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seonam University Myongji Hospital, Goyang</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Goyang</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeong, Hye Won" sort="Jeong, Hye Won" uniqKey="Jeong H" first="Hye Won" last="Jeong">Hye Won Jeong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cheongju</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rhee, Ji Young" sort="Rhee, Ji Young" uniqKey="Rhee J" first="Ji-Young" last="Rhee">Ji-Young Rhee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cheonan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Eu Suk" sort="Kim, Eu Suk" uniqKey="Kim E" first="Eu Suk" last="Kim">Eu Suk Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Seongnam</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woo, Heungjeong" sort="Woo, Heungjeong" uniqKey="Woo H" first="Heungjeong" last="Woo">Heungjeong Woo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oh, Won Sup" sort="Oh, Won Sup" uniqKey="Oh W" first="Won Sup" last="Oh">Won Sup Oh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huh, Kyungmin" sort="Huh, Kyungmin" uniqKey="Huh K" first="Kyungmin" last="Huh">Kyungmin Huh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Division of Infectious Diseases and Office of Infection Control, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Office of Infection Control, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Seongnam</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Young Hyun" sort="Lee, Young Hyun" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Young Hyun" last="Lee">Young Hyun Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gyeongju</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, Joon Young" sort="Song, Joon Young" uniqKey="Song J" first="Joon Young" last="Song">Joon Young Song</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jacob" sort="Lee, Jacob" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jacob" last="Lee">Jacob Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Chang Seop" sort="Lee, Chang Seop" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang-Seop" last="Lee">Chang-Seop Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A18">Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Baek Nam" sort="Kim, Baek Nam" uniqKey="Kim B" first="Baek-Nam" last="Kim">Baek-Nam Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Young Hwa" sort="Choi, Young Hwa" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Young Hwa" last="Choi">Young Hwa Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Suwon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeong, Su Jin" sort="Jeong, Su Jin" uniqKey="Jeong S" first="Su Jin" last="Jeong">Su Jin Jeong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jin Soo" sort="Lee, Jin Soo" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jin-Soo" last="Lee">Jin-Soo Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Incheon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoon, Ji Hyun" sort="Yoon, Ji Hyun" uniqKey="Yoon J" first="Ji Hyun" last="Yoon">Ji Hyun Yoon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Daejeon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wi, Yu Mi" sort="Wi, Yu Mi" uniqKey="Wi Y" first="Yu Mi" last="Wi">Yu Mi Wi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Changwon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joung, Mi Kyong" sort="Joung, Mi Kyong" uniqKey="Joung M" first="Mi Kyong" last="Joung">Mi Kyong Joung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Medical Centre, Busan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Medical Centre, Busan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Seong Yeon" sort="Park, Seong Yeon" uniqKey="Park S" first="Seong Yeon" last="Park">Seong Yeon Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Goyang</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sun Hee" sort="Lee, Sun Hee" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sun Hee" last="Lee">Sun Hee Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jung, Sook In" sort="Jung, Sook In" uniqKey="Jung S" first="Sook-In" last="Jung">Sook-In Jung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnom National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnom National University Medical School, Gwangju</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gwangju</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Shin Woo" sort="Kim, Shin Woo" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Shin-Woo" last="Kim">Shin-Woo Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Daegu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae Hoon" sort="Lee, Jae Hoon" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae Hoon" last="Lee">Jae Hoon Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Iksan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Hyuck" sort="Lee, Hyuck" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Hyuck" last="Lee">Hyuck Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ki, Hyun Kyun" sort="Ki, Hyun Kyun" uniqKey="Ki H" first="Hyun Kyun" last="Ki">Hyun Kyun Ki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A32">Division of Infectious Diseases, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Yeon Sook" sort="Kim, Yeon Sook" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yeon-Sook" last="Kim">Yeon-Sook Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon, Korea.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Daejon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Infection & Chemotherapy</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2093-2340</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2092-6448</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>From May to July 2015, the Republic of Korea experienced the largest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outside the Arabian Peninsula. A total of 186 patients, including 36 deaths, had been diagnosed with MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection as of September 30th, 2015.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Materials and Methods</title>
<p>We obtained information of patients who were confirmed to have MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV infection was diagnosed using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>The median age of the patients was 55 years (range, 16 to 86). A total of 55.4% of the patients had one or more coexisting medical conditions. The most common symptom was fever (95.2%). At admission, leukopenia (42.6%), thrombocytopenia (46.6%), and elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (42.7%) were observed. Pneumonia was detected in 68.3% of patients at admission and developed in 80.8% during the disease course. Antiviral agents were used for 74.7% of patients. Mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and convalescent serum were employed for 24.5%, 7.1%, and 3.8% of patients, respectively. Older age, presence of coexisting medical conditions including diabetes or chronic lung disease, presence of dyspnea, hypotension, and leukocytosis at admission, and the use of mechanical ventilation were revealed to be independent predictors of death.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The clinical features of MERS-CoV infection in the Republic of Korea were similar to those of previous outbreaks in the Middle East. However, the overall mortality rate (20.4%) was lower than that in previous reports. Enhanced surveillance and active management of patients during the outbreak may have resulted in improved outcomes.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Infect Chemother</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Infect Chemother</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IC</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Infection & Chemotherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2093-2340</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2092-6448</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and Korean Society for Chemotherapy</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27433382</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4945721</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3947/ic.2016.48.2.118</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in the Republic of Korea</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>Won Suk</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kang</surname>
<given-names>Cheol-In</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Yonjae</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4805-7930</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>Jae-Phil</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Joh</surname>
<given-names>Joon Sung</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname>
<given-names>Hyoung-Shik</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Gayeon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peck</surname>
<given-names>Kyong Ran</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>Doo Ryeon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Hye Ok</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Song</surname>
<given-names>Sook Hee</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Yang Ree</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sohn</surname>
<given-names>Kyung Mok</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jung</surname>
<given-names>Younghee</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bang</surname>
<given-names>Ji Hwan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Nam Joong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Kkot Sil</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jeong</surname>
<given-names>Hye Won</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rhee</surname>
<given-names>Ji-Young</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Eu Suk</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Woo</surname>
<given-names>Heungjeong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oh</surname>
<given-names>Won Sup</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huh</surname>
<given-names>Kyungmin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Young Hyun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Song</surname>
<given-names>Joon Young</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Jacob</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Chang-Seop</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Baek-Nam</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>Young Hwa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jeong</surname>
<given-names>Su Jin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Jin-Soo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yoon</surname>
<given-names>Ji Hyun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wi</surname>
<given-names>Yu Mi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Joung</surname>
<given-names>Mi Kyong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>Seong Yeon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Sun Hee</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jung</surname>
<given-names>Sook-In</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Shin-Woo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Jae Hoon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A30">30</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Hyuck</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A31">31</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ki</surname>
<given-names>Hyun Kyun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A32">32</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-5488</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Yeon-Sook</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Respiratory Center, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A9"><label>9</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A10"><label>10</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seonam University Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A11"><label>11</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A12"><label>12</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A13"><label>13</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A14"><label>14</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A15"><label>15</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A16"><label>16</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases and Office of Infection Control, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A17"><label>17</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A18"><label>18</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A19"><label>19</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A20"><label>20</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A21"><label>21</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A22"><label>22</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A23"><label>23</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A24"><label>24</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A25"><label>25</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Medical Centre, Busan, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A26"><label>26</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A27"><label>27</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A28"><label>28</label>
Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnom National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A29"><label>29</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A30"><label>30</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A31"><label>31</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.</aff>
<aff id="A32"><label>32</label>
Division of Infectious Diseases, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<author-notes><corresp>Corresponding Author: Yeon-Sook Kim, M.D. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Munhwa-ro 282, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea. Tel: +82-42-280-8109, Fax: +82-42-257-5753, <email>alice@cnuh.co.kr</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><p><sup>*</sup>
Won Suk Choi, Cheol-In Kang, Yonjae Kim, and Jae-Phil Choi contributed equally to this article as co-first authors.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>6</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>118</fpage>
<lpage>126</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>25</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 by The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and Korean Society for Chemotherapy</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>
) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>From May to July 2015, the Republic of Korea experienced the largest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outside the Arabian Peninsula. A total of 186 patients, including 36 deaths, had been diagnosed with MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection as of September 30th, 2015.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Materials and Methods</title>
<p>We obtained information of patients who were confirmed to have MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV infection was diagnosed using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>The median age of the patients was 55 years (range, 16 to 86). A total of 55.4% of the patients had one or more coexisting medical conditions. The most common symptom was fever (95.2%). At admission, leukopenia (42.6%), thrombocytopenia (46.6%), and elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (42.7%) were observed. Pneumonia was detected in 68.3% of patients at admission and developed in 80.8% during the disease course. Antiviral agents were used for 74.7% of patients. Mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and convalescent serum were employed for 24.5%, 7.1%, and 3.8% of patients, respectively. Older age, presence of coexisting medical conditions including diabetes or chronic lung disease, presence of dyspnea, hypotension, and leukocytosis at admission, and the use of mechanical ventilation were revealed to be independent predictors of death.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The clinical features of MERS-CoV infection in the Republic of Korea were similar to those of previous outbreaks in the Middle East. However, the overall mortality rate (20.4%) was lower than that in previous reports. Enhanced surveillance and active management of patients during the outbreak may have resulted in improved outcomes.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Middle East respiratory syndrome</kwd>
<kwd>Republic of Korea</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="KR"><institution-wrap><institution>Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</institution>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
<award-id>2015P2600100</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><title>Clinical features of 186 patients with confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus infection and comparison of those between survivors and deceased at 28 days after symptom onset</title>
</caption>
<alternatives><graphic xlink:href="ic-48-118-i001"></graphic>
<table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="39.71%" span="1"></col>
<col width="16.36%" span="1"></col>
<col width="16.36%" span="1"></col>
<col width="16.36%" span="1"></col>
<col width="11.21%" span="1"></col>
<thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Variable</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Total (N = 186)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Survivors (N = 153)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Deceased (N = 33)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><italic>P</italic>
-value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median age (range) - years</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55 (16-86)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53 (17-86)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.5 (49-86)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Age >55 years - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">97 (52.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">67 (43.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">30 (90.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male sex - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110 (59.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88 (57.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 (66.7)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.435</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Health care worker - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">39 (21.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">39 (25.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Asymptomatic cases</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (1.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Pneumonia - no./total no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">147/182 <sup>a</sup>
(80.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">116/150 (77.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">31/32 (96.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.598</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Coexisting medical conditions - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> One or more coexisting medical conditions</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">103 (55.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">75 (49.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">28 (84.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hypertension</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59 (31.7)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42 (27.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (51.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Diabetes</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">35 (18.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">23 (15.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">12 (36.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.004</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Solid organ malignancy</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (13.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (9.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (30.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Chronic lung disease</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">19 (10.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">7 (4.6)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">12 (36.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Chronic heart disease</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (9.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (6.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (21.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Cerebrovascular disease</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">17 (9.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">12 (7.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">5 (15.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.160</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Chronic liver disease</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (5.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (3.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (12.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.079</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Chronic kidney disease</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">9 (4.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">6 (3.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">3 (9.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.200</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hematologic malignancy</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (2.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (1.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (6.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.145</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Symptoms at admission - no. (%)<sup>b</sup>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Fever</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152 (81.7)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121 (79.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 (93.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.045</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Cough</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">106 (56.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">90 (58.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">16 (48.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.247</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sputum</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74 (39.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62 (40.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (36.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.850</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Dyspnoea</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">41 (22.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">23 (15.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">18 (54.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hemoptysis</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (4.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (3.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (6.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.431</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Myalgia</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">80 (43.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">68 (44.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">12 (36.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.395</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Headache</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38 (20.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35 (22.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (9.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.075</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Sore throat</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">17 (9.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">13 (8.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">4 (12.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.354</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rhinorrhoea</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (1.6)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (1.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.445</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Nausea or vomiting</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">26 (14.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">23 (15)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">3 (9.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.580</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Diarrhoea</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36 (19.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (20.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (12.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.246</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Abdominal pain</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">15 (8.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">13 (8.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">2 (6.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.482</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Decreased consciousness</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (5.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (3.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (12.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.079</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Vital Signs at admission - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (3.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (2.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (12.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Heart rate >100 beats/min</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">45 (24.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">35 (22.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">10 (30.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.375</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Respiratory rate >20 breaths/min</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47 (25.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 (20.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (48.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Laboratory findings at admission - median (range)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> White blood cells - /mm<sup>3</sup>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">4,280 (1,230-30,800)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">4,100 (1,230-17,990)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">5,520 (1,760-30,800)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> >10,000/mm<sup>3</sup>
- no./total no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/178 (4.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/145 (2.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/33 (15.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> <4,000/mm<sup>3</sup>
- no./total no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">75/178 (42.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">66/145 (45.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">9/33 (27.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.078</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Haemoglobin - g/dL</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.2 (7.3-17.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.3 (7.3-17.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.1 (7.3-17.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.102</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Platelets - ×1,000 /mm<sup>3</sup>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">153.5 (6-453)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">155 (13-453)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">140 (6-427)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.176</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <150,000/µL - no./total no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83/178 (46.6)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64/145 (44.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19/33 (57.6)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.180</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> C-reactive protein - mg/dL</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">2.52 (0.02-67.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">1.69 (0-49.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">7.0 (0-67.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.003</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Procalcitonin - ng/mL</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13 (0.02-2.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11 (0.02-1.70)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27 (0.07-2.80)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.279</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Aspartate aminotransferase - IU/L</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">39 (12-392)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">37 (12-392)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">57 (16-337)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.037</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> >40 IU/L - no./total no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86/173 (49.7)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68/140 (48.6)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18/33 (54.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.567</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Alanine aminotransferase - IU/L</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">29 (4-292)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">29 (4-292)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">29 (5-122)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.722</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Albumin - g/dL</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7 (1.9-5.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.8 (2.2-4.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9 (1.9-5.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Albumin <3.5 g/dL - no./total no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">61/166 (36.7)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">40/133 (29.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">21/33 (63.6)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Lactate dehydrogenase - IU/L</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">406 (121-3,711)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">399 (121-3,711)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">432 (324-1,016)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.865</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Blood urea nitrogen - mg/dL</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">12.0 (4.0-112.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">11.9 (4.0-112.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">20.0 (5.0-63.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Serum creatinine - mg/dL</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8 (0.21-15.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7 (0.3-15.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9 (0.21-3.97)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.311</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL - no./total no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">9/172 (5.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">3/149 (2.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">6/33 (18.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PaO2:FiO2 ratio <300 - no./total no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25/44 (56.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11/25 (44.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14/19 (73.7)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.049</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</alternatives>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>
Four (2·2%) of the 186 patients did not undergo chest radiology test.</p>
<p><sup>b</sup>
Most patients had more than one symptoms.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><title>Treatment modalities administered to patients with confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus infection</title>
</caption>
<alternatives><graphic xlink:href="ic-48-118-i002"></graphic>
<table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="48.42%" span="1"></col>
<col width="17.19%" span="1"></col>
<col width="17.19%" span="1"></col>
<col width="17.19%" span="1"></col>
<thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Variable</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Total (N = 186)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Survivors (N = 153)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Deceased<sup>a</sup>
(N = 33)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antiviral agents - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138 (74.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113 (73.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (75.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Initiation of antiviral agents within 48 h. after symptom onset</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">26 (14.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">18 (11.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">8 (24.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Proportion of each regimen (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Interferon + ribavirin + lopinavir/ritonavir</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">81.1</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">81.4</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">80.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Interferon + ribavirin</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.7</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.1</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Ribavirin + lopinavir/ritonavir</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">5.0</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">2.6</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">16.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ribavirin</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Lopinavir/ritonavir</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.7</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.8</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antibiotics - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140 (75.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109 (71.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 (93.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Mechanical ventilation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">45 (24.2)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">20 (13.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">25 (75.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Haemodialysis - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (8.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (3.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (30.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">13 (7.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">10 (6.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">3 (9.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Convalescent serum - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (3.8)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (3.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Intravenous immunoglobulin - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">5 (2.7)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">2 (1.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">3 (9.1)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</alternatives>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>
Deceased were determined at 28 days since the onset of symptoms.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><title>Risk factrs for death frm Middle East respiratory syndrome<sup>a</sup>
</title>
</caption>
<alternatives><graphic xlink:href="ic-48-118-i003"></graphic>
<table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="50%" span="1"></col>
<col width="30%" span="1"></col>
<col width="20%" span="1"></col>
<thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Variable</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Odd ratio (95% CI)<sup>b</sup>
</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><italic>P</italic>
-value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age ≥55 years</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.63 (3.19-23.30)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Symptoms during the entire disease course</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Dyspnea</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.81 (2.39-148.41)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Coexisting medical condition</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Diabetes mellitus</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.47 (1.06-5.72)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Chronic lung disease</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">2.24 (1.04-4.79)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.04</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vital sign at admission</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">5.38 (1.65-17.49)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Laboratory abnormalities at admission</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> White blood cell count >10,000 /mm<sup>3</sup>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">3.16 (1.10-9.07)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.03</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatment</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Mechanical ventilation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">8.04 (2.95-21.92)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.01</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</alternatives>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>
In Cox-regression analysis, the data was censored at September 30, 2015 for survivors.</p>
<p><sup>b</sup>
CI denotes confidence interval.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label>
<caption><title>Comparison of survivors and deceased among severe patients requiring mechanical ventilation</title>
</caption>
<alternatives><graphic xlink:href="ic-48-118-i004"></graphic>
<table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="54.27%" span="1"></col>
<col width="16.46%" span="1"></col>
<col width="16.46%" span="1"></col>
<col width="12.8%" span="1"></col>
<thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Characteristics</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Survivors (N = 17)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Deceased (N = 28)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><italic>P</italic>
-value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median age (IQR)<sup>a</sup>
- years</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55 (36-66)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67 (59-74)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Age ≥55 years - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">9 (52.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">26 (92.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Healthcare workers - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (29.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.6)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Symptoms during the entire disease course</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Diarrhea - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (76.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (46.4)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">One or more coexisting medical conditions - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">6 (35.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">21 (75.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Chronic lung disease</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (39.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.01</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Solid organ malignancy</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0 (0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">7 (25.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.03</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Laboratory abnormalities during the entire disease course - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Alanine aminotransferase >45 IU/L</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">16 (94.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">18 (64.3)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">0.03</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (17.6)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (50.0)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">Treatment - no. (%)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (47.1)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (17.9)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td>
</tr>
<tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"> Convalescent serum</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">6 (35.5)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)">1 (3.6)</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(228,222,238)"><0.01</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</alternatives>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>
IQR denotes interquartile range.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li>
</country>
<region><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Séoul</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="Corée du Sud"><region name="Région capitale de Séoul"><name sortKey="Choi, Won Suk" sort="Choi, Won Suk" uniqKey="Choi W" first="Won Suk" last="Choi">Won Suk Choi</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Bang, Ji Hwan" sort="Bang, Ji Hwan" uniqKey="Bang J" first="Ji Hwan" last="Bang">Ji Hwan Bang</name>
<name sortKey="Choi, Jae Phil" sort="Choi, Jae Phil" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jae-Phil" last="Choi">Jae-Phil Choi</name>
<name sortKey="Choi, Young Hwa" sort="Choi, Young Hwa" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Young Hwa" last="Choi">Young Hwa Choi</name>
<name sortKey="Chung, Doo Ryeon" sort="Chung, Doo Ryeon" uniqKey="Chung D" first="Doo Ryeon" last="Chung">Doo Ryeon Chung</name>
<name sortKey="Huh, Kyungmin" sort="Huh, Kyungmin" uniqKey="Huh K" first="Kyungmin" last="Huh">Kyungmin Huh</name>
<name sortKey="Jeong, Hye Won" sort="Jeong, Hye Won" uniqKey="Jeong H" first="Hye Won" last="Jeong">Hye Won Jeong</name>
<name sortKey="Jeong, Su Jin" sort="Jeong, Su Jin" uniqKey="Jeong S" first="Su Jin" last="Jeong">Su Jin Jeong</name>
<name sortKey="Joh, Joon Sung" sort="Joh, Joon Sung" uniqKey="Joh J" first="Joon Sung" last="Joh">Joon Sung Joh</name>
<name sortKey="Joung, Mi Kyong" sort="Joung, Mi Kyong" uniqKey="Joung M" first="Mi Kyong" last="Joung">Mi Kyong Joung</name>
<name sortKey="Jung, Sook In" sort="Jung, Sook In" uniqKey="Jung S" first="Sook-In" last="Jung">Sook-In Jung</name>
<name sortKey="Jung, Younghee" sort="Jung, Younghee" uniqKey="Jung Y" first="Younghee" last="Jung">Younghee Jung</name>
<name sortKey="Kang, Cheol In" sort="Kang, Cheol In" uniqKey="Kang C" first="Cheol-In" last="Kang">Cheol-In Kang</name>
<name sortKey="Ki, Hyun Kyun" sort="Ki, Hyun Kyun" uniqKey="Ki H" first="Hyun Kyun" last="Ki">Hyun Kyun Ki</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Baek Nam" sort="Kim, Baek Nam" uniqKey="Kim B" first="Baek-Nam" last="Kim">Baek-Nam Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Eu Suk" sort="Kim, Eu Suk" uniqKey="Kim E" first="Eu Suk" last="Kim">Eu Suk Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Gayeon" sort="Kim, Gayeon" uniqKey="Kim G" first="Gayeon" last="Kim">Gayeon Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Hye Ok" sort="Kim, Hye Ok" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hye Ok" last="Kim">Hye Ok Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Nam Joong" sort="Kim, Nam Joong" uniqKey="Kim N" first="Nam Joong" last="Kim">Nam Joong Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Shin Woo" sort="Kim, Shin Woo" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Shin-Woo" last="Kim">Shin-Woo Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Yang Ree" sort="Kim, Yang Ree" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yang Ree" last="Kim">Yang Ree Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Yeon Sook" sort="Kim, Yeon Sook" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yeon-Sook" last="Kim">Yeon-Sook Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Yonjae" sort="Kim, Yonjae" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yonjae" last="Kim">Yonjae Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Chang Seop" sort="Lee, Chang Seop" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang-Seop" last="Lee">Chang-Seop Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Hyuck" sort="Lee, Hyuck" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Hyuck" last="Lee">Hyuck Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Jacob" sort="Lee, Jacob" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jacob" last="Lee">Jacob Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Jae Hoon" sort="Lee, Jae Hoon" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae Hoon" last="Lee">Jae Hoon Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Jin Soo" sort="Lee, Jin Soo" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jin-Soo" last="Lee">Jin-Soo Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Kkot Sil" sort="Lee, Kkot Sil" uniqKey="Lee K" first="Kkot Sil" last="Lee">Kkot Sil Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Sun Hee" sort="Lee, Sun Hee" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sun Hee" last="Lee">Sun Hee Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Young Hyun" sort="Lee, Young Hyun" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Young Hyun" last="Lee">Young Hyun Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Oh, Won Sup" sort="Oh, Won Sup" uniqKey="Oh W" first="Won Sup" last="Oh">Won Sup Oh</name>
<name sortKey="Park, Seong Yeon" sort="Park, Seong Yeon" uniqKey="Park S" first="Seong Yeon" last="Park">Seong Yeon Park</name>
<name sortKey="Peck, Kyong Ran" sort="Peck, Kyong Ran" uniqKey="Peck K" first="Kyong Ran" last="Peck">Kyong Ran Peck</name>
<name sortKey="Rhee, Ji Young" sort="Rhee, Ji Young" uniqKey="Rhee J" first="Ji-Young" last="Rhee">Ji-Young Rhee</name>
<name sortKey="Shin, Hyoung Shik" sort="Shin, Hyoung Shik" uniqKey="Shin H" first="Hyoung-Shik" last="Shin">Hyoung-Shik Shin</name>
<name sortKey="Sohn, Kyung Mok" sort="Sohn, Kyung Mok" uniqKey="Sohn K" first="Kyung Mok" last="Sohn">Kyung Mok Sohn</name>
<name sortKey="Song, Joon Young" sort="Song, Joon Young" uniqKey="Song J" first="Joon Young" last="Song">Joon Young Song</name>
<name sortKey="Song, Sook Hee" sort="Song, Sook Hee" uniqKey="Song S" first="Sook Hee" last="Song">Sook Hee Song</name>
<name sortKey="Wi, Yu Mi" sort="Wi, Yu Mi" uniqKey="Wi Y" first="Yu Mi" last="Wi">Yu Mi Wi</name>
<name sortKey="Woo, Heungjeong" sort="Woo, Heungjeong" uniqKey="Woo H" first="Heungjeong" last="Woo">Heungjeong Woo</name>
<name sortKey="Yoon, Ji Hyun" sort="Yoon, Ji Hyun" uniqKey="Yoon J" first="Ji Hyun" last="Yoon">Ji Hyun Yoon</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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