HTCC: Broad Range Inhibitor of Coronavirus Entry
Identifieur interne : 000B48 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000B47; suivant : 000B49HTCC: Broad Range Inhibitor of Coronavirus Entry
Auteurs : Aleksandra Milewska [Pologne] ; Kamil Kaminski [Pologne] ; Justyna Ciejka [Pologne] ; Katarzyna Kosowicz [Pologne] ; Slawomir Zeglen [Pologne] ; Jacek Wojarski [Pologne] ; Maria Nowakowska [Pologne] ; Krzysztof Szczubiałka [Pologne] ; Krzysztof Pyrc [Pologne]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
To date, six human coronaviruses have been known, all of which are associated with respiratory infections in humans. With the exception of the highly pathogenic SARS and MERS coronaviruses, human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-HKU1) circulate worldwide and typically cause the common cold. In most cases, infection with these viruses does not lead to severe disease, although acute infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients may progress to severe disease requiring hospitalization. Importantly, no drugs against human coronaviruses exist, and only supportive therapy is available. Previously, we proposed the cationically modified chitosan, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), and its hydrophobically-modified derivative (HM-HTCC) as potent inhibitors of the coronavirus HCoV-NL63. Here, we show that HTCC inhibits interaction of a virus with its receptor and thus blocks the entry. Further, we demonstrate that HTCC polymers with different degrees of substitution act as effective inhibitors of all low-pathogenic human coronaviruses.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156552
PubMed: 27249425
PubMed Central: 4889042
Affiliations:
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Zabrze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wojarski, Jacek" sort="Wojarski, Jacek" uniqKey="Wojarski J" first="Jacek" last="Wojarski">Jacek Wojarski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>41-800 Zabrze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nowakowska, Maria" sort="Nowakowska, Maria" uniqKey="Nowakowska M" first="Maria" last="Nowakowska">Maria Nowakowska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country 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Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30-387 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30–387 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27249425</idno><idno type="pmc">4889042</idno><idno 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Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30-387 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30–387 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaminski, Kamil" sort="Kaminski, Kamil" uniqKey="Kaminski K" first="Kamil" last="Kaminski">Kamil Kaminski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30-060 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciejka, Justyna" sort="Ciejka, Justyna" uniqKey="Ciejka J" first="Justyna" last="Ciejka">Justyna Ciejka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30–387 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kosowicz, Katarzyna" sort="Kosowicz, Katarzyna" uniqKey="Kosowicz K" first="Katarzyna" last="Kosowicz">Katarzyna Kosowicz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30-387 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30–387 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeglen, Slawomir" sort="Zeglen, Slawomir" uniqKey="Zeglen S" first="Slawomir" last="Zeglen">Slawomir Zeglen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>41-800 Zabrze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wojarski, Jacek" sort="Wojarski, Jacek" uniqKey="Wojarski J" first="Jacek" last="Wojarski">Jacek Wojarski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>41-800 Zabrze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nowakowska, Maria" sort="Nowakowska, Maria" uniqKey="Nowakowska M" first="Maria" last="Nowakowska">Maria Nowakowska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30-060 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szczubialka, Krzysztof" sort="Szczubialka, Krzysztof" uniqKey="Szczubialka K" first="Krzysztof" last="Szczubiałka">Krzysztof Szczubiałka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30-060 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pyrc, Krzysztof" sort="Pyrc, Krzysztof" uniqKey="Pyrc K" first="Krzysztof" last="Pyrc">Krzysztof Pyrc</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30-387 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30–387 Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>To date, six human coronaviruses have been known, all of which are associated with respiratory infections in humans. With the exception of the highly pathogenic SARS and MERS coronaviruses, human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-HKU1) circulate worldwide and typically cause the common cold. In most cases, infection with these viruses does not lead to severe disease, although acute infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients may progress to severe disease requiring hospitalization. Importantly, no drugs against human coronaviruses exist, and only supportive therapy is available. Previously, we proposed the cationically modified chitosan, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), and its hydrophobically-modified derivative (HM-HTCC) as potent inhibitors of the coronavirus HCoV-NL63. Here, we show that HTCC inhibits interaction of a virus with its receptor and thus blocks the entry. Further, we demonstrate that HTCC polymers with different degrees of substitution act as effective inhibitors of all low-pathogenic human coronaviruses.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fields, Bn" uniqKey="Fields B">BN Fields</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knipe, Dm" uniqKey="Knipe D">DM Knipe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Howley, Pm" uniqKey="Howley P">PM Howley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Js" uniqKey="Peiris J">JS Peiris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Ky" uniqKey="Yuen K">KY Yuen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Ad" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">AD Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stohr, K" uniqKey="Stohr K">K Stöhr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stadler, K" uniqKey="Stadler K">K Stadler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Masignani, V" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27249425</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4889042</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0156552</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-16-11003</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Chemistry</subject><subj-group><subject>Polymer Chemistry</subject><subj-group><subject>Macromolecules</subject><subj-group><subject>Polymers</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Materials Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Materials by Structure</subject><subj-group><subject>Polymers</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Virology</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Replication</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>RNA viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Coronaviruses</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Coronaviruses</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbial Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Coronaviruses</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Organisms</subject><subj-group><subject>Viruses</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Pathogens</subject><subj-group><subject>Coronaviruses</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Pulmonology</subject><subj-group><subject>Respiratory Infections</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Virology</subject><subj-group><subject>Viral Structure</subject><subj-group><subject>Virions</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Genetics</subject><subj-group><subject>Gene Expression</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Biological Tissue</subject><subj-group><subject>Epithelium</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anatomy</subject><subj-group><subject>Biological Tissue</subject><subj-group><subject>Epithelium</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subj-group><subject>Biological Cultures</subject><subj-group><subject>Cell Cultures</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>HTCC: Broad Range Inhibitor of Coronavirus Entry</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Anticoronavirals: HTCC</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Milewska</surname><given-names>Aleksandra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaminski</surname><given-names>Kamil</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ciejka</surname><given-names>Justyna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kosowicz</surname><given-names>Katarzyna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zeglen</surname><given-names>Slawomir</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wojarski</surname><given-names>Jacek</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nowakowska</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Szczubiałka</surname><given-names>Krzysztof</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pyrc</surname><given-names>Krzysztof</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30–387 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label><addr-line>Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Pöhlmann</surname><given-names>Stefan</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>German Primate Center, GERMANY</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: AM MN KS KP. Performed the experiments: AM KKa JC KKo. Analyzed the data: AM MN KS KP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SZ JW. Wrote the paper: AM MN KS KP.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>k.a.pyrc@uj.edu.pl</email> (KP); <email>szczubia@chemia.uj.edu.pl</email> (KS)</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>e0156552</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Milewska et al</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Milewska et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pone.0156552.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>To date, six human coronaviruses have been known, all of which are associated with respiratory infections in humans. With the exception of the highly pathogenic SARS and MERS coronaviruses, human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-HKU1) circulate worldwide and typically cause the common cold. In most cases, infection with these viruses does not lead to severe disease, although acute infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients may progress to severe disease requiring hospitalization. Importantly, no drugs against human coronaviruses exist, and only supportive therapy is available. Previously, we proposed the cationically modified chitosan, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), and its hydrophobically-modified derivative (HM-HTCC) as potent inhibitors of the coronavirus HCoV-NL63. Here, we show that HTCC inhibits interaction of a virus with its receptor and thus blocks the entry. Further, we demonstrate that HTCC polymers with different degrees of substitution act as effective inhibitors of all low-pathogenic human coronaviruses.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group id="award001"><funding-source><institution>Unilab LP</institution></funding-source><award-id>-</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Pyrc</surname><given-names>Krzysztof</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award002"><funding-source><institution>Unilab LP</institution></funding-source><award-id>-</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Szczubiałka</surname><given-names>Krzysztof</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award003"><funding-source><institution>Unilab LP</institution></funding-source><award-id>-</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Nowakowska</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award004"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005632</institution-id><institution>Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>Lider/27/55/L-2/10/2011</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Pyrc</surname><given-names>Krzysztof</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award005"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004281</institution-id><institution>Narodowe Centrum Nauki</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>UMO-657 2012/07/E/NZ6/01712</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Pyrc</surname><given-names>Krzysztof</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award006"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004281</institution-id><institution>Narodowe Centrum Nauki</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>UMO-2012/07/N/NZ6/02955</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Milewska</surname><given-names>Aleksandra</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group id="award007"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000921</institution-id><institution>European Cooperation in Science and Technology</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>CM1407</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Pyrc</surname><given-names>Krzysztof</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><funding-statement>This work was supported by the grant "Evaluation of anticoronal compounds" from the Unilab LP (966 Hungford Dr. Ste. 3B, Rockville, MD 20850, USA) (KS and KP), by the LIDER grant from the National Centre for Research and Development (Lider/27/55/L-2/10/2011) (KP), and by grants from the National Science Center (UMO-657 2012/07/E/NZ6/01712 and UMO-2012/07/N/NZ6/02955) (KP and AM, respectively). KP would like to acknowledge networking contribution by the COST Action CM1407 “Challenging organic syntheses inspired by nature - from natural products chemistry to drug discovery”. The Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology of the Jagiellonian University is a beneficiary of the structural funds from the European Union (grant No: POIG.02.01.00-12-064/08 – “Molecular biotechnology for health”). Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology of the Jagiellonian University is a partner of the Leading National Research Center supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="6"></fig-count><table-count count="2"></table-count><page-count count="17"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</p></notes></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Pologne</li></country></list><tree><country name="Pologne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Milewska, Aleksandra" sort="Milewska, Aleksandra" uniqKey="Milewska A" first="Aleksandra" last="Milewska">Aleksandra Milewska</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ciejka, Justyna" sort="Ciejka, Justyna" uniqKey="Ciejka J" first="Justyna" last="Ciejka">Justyna Ciejka</name><name sortKey="Kaminski, Kamil" sort="Kaminski, Kamil" uniqKey="Kaminski K" first="Kamil" last="Kaminski">Kamil Kaminski</name><name sortKey="Kosowicz, Katarzyna" sort="Kosowicz, Katarzyna" uniqKey="Kosowicz K" first="Katarzyna" last="Kosowicz">Katarzyna Kosowicz</name><name sortKey="Kosowicz, Katarzyna" sort="Kosowicz, Katarzyna" uniqKey="Kosowicz K" first="Katarzyna" last="Kosowicz">Katarzyna Kosowicz</name><name sortKey="Milewska, Aleksandra" sort="Milewska, Aleksandra" uniqKey="Milewska A" first="Aleksandra" last="Milewska">Aleksandra Milewska</name><name sortKey="Nowakowska, Maria" sort="Nowakowska, Maria" uniqKey="Nowakowska M" first="Maria" last="Nowakowska">Maria Nowakowska</name><name sortKey="Pyrc, Krzysztof" sort="Pyrc, Krzysztof" uniqKey="Pyrc K" first="Krzysztof" last="Pyrc">Krzysztof Pyrc</name><name sortKey="Pyrc, Krzysztof" sort="Pyrc, Krzysztof" uniqKey="Pyrc K" first="Krzysztof" last="Pyrc">Krzysztof Pyrc</name><name sortKey="Szczubialka, Krzysztof" sort="Szczubialka, Krzysztof" uniqKey="Szczubialka K" first="Krzysztof" last="Szczubiałka">Krzysztof Szczubiałka</name><name sortKey="Wojarski, Jacek" sort="Wojarski, Jacek" uniqKey="Wojarski J" first="Jacek" last="Wojarski">Jacek Wojarski</name><name sortKey="Zeglen, Slawomir" sort="Zeglen, Slawomir" uniqKey="Zeglen S" first="Slawomir" last="Zeglen">Slawomir Zeglen</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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