Serveur d'exploration MERS

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Rapid detection of viral antibodies based on multifunctional Staphylococcus aureus nanobioprobes

Identifieur interne : 000A25 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000A24; suivant : 000A26

Rapid detection of viral antibodies based on multifunctional Staphylococcus aureus nanobioprobes

Auteurs : Jinjuan Qiao [République populaire de Chine] ; Yunpeng Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Cuihua Wei [République populaire de Chine] ; Hang Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Junping Yu [République populaire de Chine] ; Hongping Wei [République populaire de Chine]

Source :

RBID : PMC:7112379

Abstract

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles inside S. aureus cells has enhanced the sensitivity of immunoassays based on the S. aureus nanoparticles. However, the current methods are limited to antigen detection by conjugating IgG antibodies on S. aureus nanoparticles. In this study, a simple way to conjugate antigens to the S. aureus nanobioparticles was developed by utilizing a cell wall binding domain (CBD) from a bacteriophage lysin PlyV12. Based on this novel design, simple agglutination tests of the IgG antibodies of Ebola virus (EBOV) nucleoprotein (NP) and Middle East Respiratory Virus (MERS) NP in rabbit sera were successfully developed by conjugating the S. aureus nanobioparticles with two fusion proteins EBOV NP- CBD and MERS NP-CBD, respectively. The conjugation was done easily by just mixing the fusion proteins with the S. aureus nanoparticles. The detection time was within 20 min without any special equipment or expertise. As far as we know, this is the first time to realize the detection of viral antibodies based on S. aureus nanoparticles.


Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.09.006
PubMed: 27866631
PubMed Central: 7112379


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

PMC:7112379

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Rapid detection of viral antibodies based on multifunctional
<italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>
nanobioprobes</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Qiao, Jinjuan" sort="Qiao, Jinjuan" uniqKey="Qiao J" first="Jinjuan" last="Qiao">Jinjuan Qiao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0010">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Yunpeng" sort="Li, Yunpeng" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yunpeng" last="Li">Yunpeng Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0010">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, Cuihua" sort="Wei, Cuihua" uniqKey="Wei C" first="Cuihua" last="Wei">Cuihua Wei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0010">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, Hang" sort="Yang, Hang" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Hang" last="Yang">Hang Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, Junping" sort="Yu, Junping" uniqKey="Yu J" first="Junping" last="Yu">Junping Yu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, Hongping" sort="Wei, Hongping" uniqKey="Wei H" first="Hongping" last="Wei">Hongping Wei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27866631</idno>
<idno type="pmc">7112379</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7112379</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:7112379</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.09.006</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000C39</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000C39</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000C39</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000C39</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A25</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A25</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Rapid detection of viral antibodies based on multifunctional
<italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>
nanobioprobes</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Qiao, Jinjuan" sort="Qiao, Jinjuan" uniqKey="Qiao J" first="Jinjuan" last="Qiao">Jinjuan Qiao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0010">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Yunpeng" sort="Li, Yunpeng" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yunpeng" last="Li">Yunpeng Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0010">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, Cuihua" sort="Wei, Cuihua" uniqKey="Wei C" first="Cuihua" last="Wei">Cuihua Wei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0010">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, Hang" sort="Yang, Hang" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Hang" last="Yang">Hang Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, Junping" sort="Yu, Junping" uniqKey="Yu J" first="Junping" last="Yu">Junping Yu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, Hongping" sort="Wei, Hongping" uniqKey="Wei H" first="Hongping" last="Wei">Hongping Wei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff0005">Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hubei 430071</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Enzyme and Microbial Technology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0141-0229</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1879-0909</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>Biosynthesis of nanoparticles inside
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
cells has enhanced the sensitivity of immunoassays based on the
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanoparticles. However, the current methods are limited to antigen detection by conjugating IgG antibodies on
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanoparticles. In this study, a simple way to conjugate antigens to the
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanobioparticles was developed by utilizing a cell wall binding domain (CBD) from a bacteriophage lysin PlyV12. Based on this novel design, simple agglutination tests of the IgG antibodies of Ebola virus (EBOV) nucleoprotein (NP) and Middle East Respiratory Virus (MERS) NP in rabbit sera were successfully developed by conjugating the
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanobioparticles with two fusion proteins EBOV NP- CBD and MERS NP-CBD, respectively. The conjugation was done easily by just mixing the fusion proteins with the
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanoparticles. The detection time was within 20 min without any special equipment or expertise. As far as we know, this is the first time to realize the detection of viral antibodies based on
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanoparticles.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back>
<div1 type="bibliography">
<listBibl>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dhillon, G S" uniqKey="Dhillon G">G.S. Dhillon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brar, S K" uniqKey="Brar S">S.K. Brar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kaur, S" uniqKey="Kaur S">S. Kaur</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Verma, M" uniqKey="Verma M">M. Verma</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xiong, L H" uniqKey="Xiong L">L.H. Xiong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cui, R" uniqKey="Cui R">R. Cui</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Z L" uniqKey="Zhang Z">Z.L. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, X" uniqKey="Yu X">X. Yu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xie, Z" uniqKey="Xie Z">Z. Xie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shi, Y B" uniqKey="Shi Y">Y.B. Shi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pang, D W" uniqKey="Pang D">D.W. Pang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Picardeau, M" uniqKey="Picardeau M">M. Picardeau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bertherat, E" uniqKey="Bertherat E">E. Bertherat</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jancloes, M" uniqKey="Jancloes M">M. Jancloes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Skouloudis, A N" uniqKey="Skouloudis A">A.N. Skouloudis</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Durski, K" uniqKey="Durski K">K. Durski</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hartskeerl, R A" uniqKey="Hartskeerl R">R.A. Hartskeerl</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hu, W" uniqKey="Hu W">W. Hu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, H" uniqKey="Yang H">H. Yang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, J" uniqKey="Yu J">J. Yu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, H" uniqKey="Wei H">H. Wei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dong, Q" uniqKey="Dong Q">Q. Dong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, J" uniqKey="Wang J">J. Wang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, H" uniqKey="Yang H">H. Yang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, C" uniqKey="Wei C">C. Wei</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, J" uniqKey="Yu J">J. Yu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Huang, Y" uniqKey="Huang Y">Y. Huang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, X E" uniqKey="Zhang X">X.E. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, H" uniqKey="Wei H">H. Wei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, J" uniqKey="Yu J">J. Yu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, H" uniqKey="Li H">H. Li</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, H" uniqKey="Yang H">H. Yang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, H" uniqKey="Wei H">H. Wei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zaki, A M" uniqKey="Zaki A">A.M. Zaki</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S. van Boheemen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bestebroer, T M" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">T.M. Bestebroer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fouchier, R A" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R.A. Fouchier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Richardson, K J" uniqKey="Richardson K">K.J. Richardson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nakayama, E" uniqKey="Nakayama E">E. Nakayama</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yokoyama, A" uniqKey="Yokoyama A">A. Yokoyama</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miyamoto, H" uniqKey="Miyamoto H">H. Miyamoto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Igarashi, M" uniqKey="Igarashi M">M. Igarashi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kishida, N" uniqKey="Kishida N">N. Kishida</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matsuno, K" uniqKey="Matsuno K">K. Matsuno</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marzi, A" uniqKey="Marzi A">A. Marzi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Feldmann, H" uniqKey="Feldmann H">H. Feldmann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ito, K" uniqKey="Ito K">K. Ito</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saijo, M" uniqKey="Saijo M">M. Saijo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Takada, A" uniqKey="Takada A">A. Takada</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saijo, M" uniqKey="Saijo M">M. Saijo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Niikura, M" uniqKey="Niikura M">M. Niikura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morikawa, S" uniqKey="Morikawa S">S. Morikawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ksiazek, T G" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">T.G. Ksiazek</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meyer, R F" uniqKey="Meyer R">R.F. Meyer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peters, C J" uniqKey="Peters C">C.J. Peters</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kurane, I" uniqKey="Kurane I">I. Kurane</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ikegami, T" uniqKey="Ikegami T">T. Ikegami</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saijo, M" uniqKey="Saijo M">M. Saijo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Niikura, M" uniqKey="Niikura M">M. Niikura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miranda, M E" uniqKey="Miranda M">M.E. Miranda</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Calaor, A B" uniqKey="Calaor A">A.B. Calaor</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hernandez, M" uniqKey="Hernandez M">M. Hernandez</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Manalo, D L" uniqKey="Manalo D">D.L. Manalo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kurane, I" uniqKey="Kurane I">I. Kurane</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yoshikawa, Y" uniqKey="Yoshikawa Y">Y. Yoshikawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morikawa, S" uniqKey="Morikawa S">S. Morikawa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhao, G" uniqKey="Zhao G">G. Zhao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Du, L" uniqKey="Du L">L. Du</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ma, C" uniqKey="Ma C">C. Ma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y. Li</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, L" uniqKey="Li L">L. Li</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Poon, V K" uniqKey="Poon V">V.K. Poon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L. Wang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, F" uniqKey="Yu F">F. Yu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zheng, B J" uniqKey="Zheng B">B.J. Zheng</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jiang, S" uniqKey="Jiang S">S. Jiang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhou, Y" uniqKey="Zhou Y">Y. Zhou</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yamaoka, Y" uniqKey="Yamaoka Y">Y. Yamaoka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matsuyama, S" uniqKey="Matsuyama S">S. Matsuyama</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fukushi, S" uniqKey="Fukushi S">S. Fukushi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matsunaga, S" uniqKey="Matsunaga S">S. Matsunaga</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matsushima, Y" uniqKey="Matsushima Y">Y. Matsushima</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kuroyama, H" uniqKey="Kuroyama H">H. Kuroyama</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kimura, H" uniqKey="Kimura H">H. Kimura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Takeda, M" uniqKey="Takeda M">M. Takeda</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chimuro, T" uniqKey="Chimuro T">T. Chimuro</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ryo, A" uniqKey="Ryo A">A. Ryo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tang, X C" uniqKey="Tang X">X.C. Tang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Agnihothram, S S" uniqKey="Agnihothram S">S.S. Agnihothram</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jiao, Y" uniqKey="Jiao Y">Y. Jiao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stanhope, J" uniqKey="Stanhope J">J. Stanhope</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Graham, R L" uniqKey="Graham R">R.L. Graham</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peterson, E C" uniqKey="Peterson E">E.C. Peterson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Avnir, Y" uniqKey="Avnir Y">Y. Avnir</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tallarico, A S" uniqKey="Tallarico A">A.S. Tallarico</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sheehan, J" uniqKey="Sheehan J">J. Sheehan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhu, Q" uniqKey="Zhu Q">Q. Zhu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baric, R S" uniqKey="Baric R">R.S. Baric</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marasco, W A" uniqKey="Marasco W">W.A. Marasco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Al Abdallat, M M" uniqKey="Al Abdallat M">M.M. Al-Abdallat</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Payne, D C" uniqKey="Payne D">D.C. Payne</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alqasrawi, S" uniqKey="Alqasrawi S">S. Alqasrawi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rha, B" uniqKey="Rha B">B. Rha</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tohme, R A" uniqKey="Tohme R">R.A. Tohme</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abedi, G R" uniqKey="Abedi G">G.R. Abedi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Al Nsour, M" uniqKey="Al Nsour M">M. Al Nsour</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iblan, I" uniqKey="Iblan I">I. Iblan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jarour, N" uniqKey="Jarour N">N. Jarour</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Farag, N H" uniqKey="Farag N">N.H. Farag</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haddadin, A" uniqKey="Haddadin A">A. Haddadin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Al Sanouri, T" uniqKey="Al Sanouri T">T. Al-Sanouri</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tamin, A" uniqKey="Tamin A">A. Tamin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harcourt, J L" uniqKey="Harcourt J">J.L. Harcourt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kuhar, D T" uniqKey="Kuhar D">D.T. Kuhar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Swerdlow, D L" uniqKey="Swerdlow D">D.L. Swerdlow</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Erdman, D D" uniqKey="Erdman D">D.D. Erdman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pallansch, M A" uniqKey="Pallansch M">M.A. Pallansch</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haynes, L M" uniqKey="Haynes L">L.M. Haynes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gerber, S I" uniqKey="Gerber S">S.I. Gerber</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jordan, M C I T" uniqKey="Jordan M">M.-C.I.T. Jordan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saijo, M" uniqKey="Saijo M">M. Saijo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Niikura, M" uniqKey="Niikura M">M. Niikura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morikawa, S" uniqKey="Morikawa S">S. Morikawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kurane, I" uniqKey="Kurane I">I. Kurane</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ikegami, T" uniqKey="Ikegami T">T. Ikegami</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saijo, M" uniqKey="Saijo M">M. Saijo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Niikura, M" uniqKey="Niikura M">M. Niikura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miranda, M E" uniqKey="Miranda M">M.E. Miranda</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Calaor, A B" uniqKey="Calaor A">A.B. Calaor</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hernandez, M" uniqKey="Hernandez M">M. Hernandez</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Manalo, D L" uniqKey="Manalo D">D.L. Manalo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kurane, I" uniqKey="Kurane I">I. Kurane</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yoshikawa, Y" uniqKey="Yoshikawa Y">Y. Yoshikawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morikawa, S" uniqKey="Morikawa S">S. Morikawa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Corman, V M" uniqKey="Corman V">V.M. Corman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muller, M A" uniqKey="Muller M">M.A. Muller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Costabel, U" uniqKey="Costabel U">U. Costabel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Timm, J" uniqKey="Timm J">J. Timm</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Binger, T" uniqKey="Binger T">T. Binger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B. Meyer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kreher, P" uniqKey="Kreher P">P. Kreher</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lattwein, E" uniqKey="Lattwein E">E. Lattwein</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eschbach Bludau, M" uniqKey="Eschbach Bludau M">M. Eschbach-Bludau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nitsche, A" uniqKey="Nitsche A">A. Nitsche</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bleicker, T" uniqKey="Bleicker T">T. Bleicker</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Landt, O" uniqKey="Landt O">O. Landt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schweiger, B" uniqKey="Schweiger B">B. Schweiger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Drexler, J F" uniqKey="Drexler J">J.F. Drexler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haagmans, B L" uniqKey="Haagmans B">B.L. Haagmans</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dittmer, U" uniqKey="Dittmer U">U. Dittmer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bonin, F" uniqKey="Bonin F">F. Bonin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wolff, T" uniqKey="Wolff T">T. Wolff</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C. Drosten</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Macneil, A" uniqKey="Macneil A">A. Macneil</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reed, Z" uniqKey="Reed Z">Z. Reed</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rollin, P E" uniqKey="Rollin P">P.E. Rollin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Perera, R A" uniqKey="Perera R">R.A. Perera</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, P" uniqKey="Wang P">P. Wang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gomaa, M R" uniqKey="Gomaa M">M.R. Gomaa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="El Shesheny, R" uniqKey="El Shesheny R">R. El-Shesheny</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kandeil, A" uniqKey="Kandeil A">A. Kandeil</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bagato, O" uniqKey="Bagato O">O. Bagato</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Siu, L Y" uniqKey="Siu L">L.Y. Siu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shehata, M M" uniqKey="Shehata M">M.M. Shehata</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kayed, A S" uniqKey="Kayed A">A.S. Kayed</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moatasim, Y" uniqKey="Moatasim Y">Y. Moatasim</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, M" uniqKey="Li M">M. Li</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Poon, L L" uniqKey="Poon L">L.L. Poon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y. Guan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Webby, R J" uniqKey="Webby R">R.J. Webby</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ali, M A" uniqKey="Ali M">M.A. Ali</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peiris, J S" uniqKey="Peiris J">J.S. Peiris</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kayali, G" uniqKey="Kayali G">G. Kayali</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reusken, C" uniqKey="Reusken C">C. Reusken</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mou, H" uniqKey="Mou H">H. Mou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Godeke, G J" uniqKey="Godeke G">G.J. Godeke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Der Hoek, L" uniqKey="Van Der Hoek L">L. van der Hoek</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B. Meyer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muller, M A" uniqKey="Muller M">M.A. Muller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haagmans, B" uniqKey="Haagmans B">B. Haagmans</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Sousa, R" uniqKey="De Sousa R">R. de Sousa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schuurman, N" uniqKey="Schuurman N">N. Schuurman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dittmer, U" uniqKey="Dittmer U">U. Dittmer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rottier, P" uniqKey="Rottier P">P. Rottier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Osterhaus, A" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A. Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C. Drosten</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bosch, B J" uniqKey="Bosch B">B.J. Bosch</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koopmans, M" uniqKey="Koopmans M">M. Koopmans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fischetti, V A" uniqKey="Fischetti V">V.A. Fischetti</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nelson, D" uniqKey="Nelson D">D. Nelson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schuch, R" uniqKey="Schuch R">R. Schuch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Enzyme Microb Technol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Enzyme Microb. Technol</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Enzyme and Microbial Technology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0141-0229</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1879-0909</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Elsevier Inc.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27866631</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7112379</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0141-0229(16)30179-X</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.09.006</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Rapid detection of viral antibodies based on multifunctional
<italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>
nanobioprobes</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="aut0005">
<name>
<surname>Qiao</surname>
<given-names>Jinjuan</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="aut0010">
<name>
<surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Yunpeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="aut0015">
<name>
<surname>Wei</surname>
<given-names>Cuihua</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="aut0020">
<name>
<surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Hang</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="aut0025">
<name>
<surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Junping</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="aut0030">
<name>
<surname>Wei</surname>
<given-names>Hongping</given-names>
</name>
<email>hpwei@wh.iov.cn</email>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="cor0005" ref-type="corresp"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff0005">
<label>a</label>
Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Infections, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China</aff>
<aff id="aff0010">
<label>b</label>
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor0005">
<label></label>
Corresponding author.
<email>hpwei@wh.iov.cn</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>20</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>20</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>95</volume>
<fpage>94</fpage>
<lpage>99</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>29</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>7</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>13</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Elsevier Inc.</copyright-holder>
<license>
<license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="abs0005">
<p>Biosynthesis of nanoparticles inside
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
cells has enhanced the sensitivity of immunoassays based on the
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanoparticles. However, the current methods are limited to antigen detection by conjugating IgG antibodies on
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanoparticles. In this study, a simple way to conjugate antigens to the
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanobioparticles was developed by utilizing a cell wall binding domain (CBD) from a bacteriophage lysin PlyV12. Based on this novel design, simple agglutination tests of the IgG antibodies of Ebola virus (EBOV) nucleoprotein (NP) and Middle East Respiratory Virus (MERS) NP in rabbit sera were successfully developed by conjugating the
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanobioparticles with two fusion proteins EBOV NP- CBD and MERS NP-CBD, respectively. The conjugation was done easily by just mixing the fusion proteins with the
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanoparticles. The detection time was within 20 min without any special equipment or expertise. As far as we know, this is the first time to realize the detection of viral antibodies based on
<italic>S. aureus</italic>
nanoparticles.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group id="kwd0005">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Virus</kwd>
<kwd>Antibody detection</kwd>
<kwd>
<italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
</country>
<settlement>
<li>Pékin</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="République populaire de Chine">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Qiao, Jinjuan" sort="Qiao, Jinjuan" uniqKey="Qiao J" first="Jinjuan" last="Qiao">Jinjuan Qiao</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Li, Yunpeng" sort="Li, Yunpeng" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yunpeng" last="Li">Yunpeng Li</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Yunpeng" sort="Li, Yunpeng" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yunpeng" last="Li">Yunpeng Li</name>
<name sortKey="Qiao, Jinjuan" sort="Qiao, Jinjuan" uniqKey="Qiao J" first="Jinjuan" last="Qiao">Jinjuan Qiao</name>
<name sortKey="Wei, Cuihua" sort="Wei, Cuihua" uniqKey="Wei C" first="Cuihua" last="Wei">Cuihua Wei</name>
<name sortKey="Wei, Cuihua" sort="Wei, Cuihua" uniqKey="Wei C" first="Cuihua" last="Wei">Cuihua Wei</name>
<name sortKey="Wei, Hongping" sort="Wei, Hongping" uniqKey="Wei H" first="Hongping" last="Wei">Hongping Wei</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Hang" sort="Yang, Hang" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Hang" last="Yang">Hang Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Yu, Junping" sort="Yu, Junping" uniqKey="Yu J" first="Junping" last="Yu">Junping Yu</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000A25 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000A25 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    MersV1
   |flux=    Pmc
   |étape=   Checkpoint
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:7112379
   |texte=   Rapid detection of viral antibodies based on multifunctional Staphylococcus aureus nanobioprobes
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:27866631" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MersV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Mon Apr 20 23:26:43 2020. Site generation: Sat Mar 27 09:06:09 2021