COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic
Identifieur interne : 000114 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000113; suivant : 000115COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic
Auteurs : Balachandar Vellingiri [Inde] ; Kaavya Jayaramayya [Inde] ; Mahalaxmi Iyer [Inde] ; Arul Narayanasamy [Inde] ; Vivekanandhan Govindasamy [Inde] ; Bupesh Giridharan [Inde] ; Singaravelu Ganesan [Inde] ; Anila Venugopal [Inde] ; Dhivya Venkatesan [Inde] ; Harsha Ganesan [Inde] ; Kamarajan Rajagopalan [Inde] ; Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman [Royaume-Uni] ; Ssang-Goo Cho [Corée du Sud] ; Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar [Inde] ; Mohana Devi Subramaniam [Inde]Source :
- The Science of the Total Environment [ 0048-9697 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The outbreak of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide due to inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase. When compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due to increased globalization and adaptation of the virus in every environment. Slowing the spread of the COVID-19 cases will significantly reduce the strain on the healthcare system of the country by limiting the number of people who are severely sick by COVID-19 and need hospital care. Hence, the recent outburst of COVID-19 highlights an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the structure of virus; varying symptoms among COVID-19, SARS, MERS and common flu; the probable mechanism behind the infection and its immune response. Further, the current treatment options, drugs available, ongoing trials and recent diagnostics for COVID-19 have been discussed. We suggest traditional Indian medicinal plants as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138277
PubMed: 32278175
PubMed Central: 7128376
Affiliations:
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wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0010">Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iyer, Mahalaxmi" sort="Iyer, Mahalaxmi" uniqKey="Iyer M" first="Mahalaxmi" last="Iyer">Mahalaxmi Iyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0010">Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narayanasamy, Arul" sort="Narayanasamy, Arul" uniqKey="Narayanasamy A" first="Arul" last="Narayanasamy">Arul Narayanasamy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0015">Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan" sort="Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan" uniqKey="Govindasamy V" first="Vivekanandhan" last="Govindasamy">Vivekanandhan Govindasamy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0020">Farmer's Bio Fertilizers and Organics, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Farmer's Bio Fertilizers and Organics, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giridharan, Bupesh" sort="Giridharan, Bupesh" uniqKey="Giridharan B" first="Bupesh" last="Giridharan">Bupesh Giridharan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0025">Virology Laboratory, Central Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath University, (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Virology Laboratory, Central Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath University, (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0030">Department of Forest Science, Central University of Nagaland, Lumami, Zunhebeto, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forest Science, Central University of Nagaland, Lumami, Zunhebeto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zunhebeto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganesan, Singaravelu" sort="Ganesan, Singaravelu" uniqKey="Ganesan S" first="Singaravelu" last="Ganesan">Singaravelu Ganesan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0035">Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632115, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vellore 632115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venugopal, Anila" sort="Venugopal, Anila" uniqKey="Venugopal A" first="Anila" last="Venugopal">Anila Venugopal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0005">Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatesan, Dhivya" sort="Venkatesan, Dhivya" uniqKey="Venkatesan D" first="Dhivya" last="Venkatesan">Dhivya Venkatesan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0005">Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganesan, Harsha" sort="Ganesan, Harsha" uniqKey="Ganesan H" first="Harsha" last="Ganesan">Harsha Ganesan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0005">Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajagopalan, Kamarajan" sort="Rajagopalan, Kamarajan" uniqKey="Rajagopalan K" first="Kamarajan" last="Rajagopalan">Kamarajan Rajagopalan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0005">Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Pattanathu K S M" sort="Rahman, Pattanathu K S M" uniqKey="Rahman P" first="Pattanathu K. S. M." last="Rahman">Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0040">Deploy Lead - Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Office No: 6.06, King Henry Building School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Deploy Lead - Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Office No: 6.06, King Henry Building School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Portsmouth PO1 2DY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Ssang Goo" sort="Cho, Ssang Goo" uniqKey="Cho S" first="Ssang-Goo" last="Cho">Ssang-Goo Cho</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af0045">Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil" sort="Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil" uniqKey="Kumar N" first="Nachimuthu Senthil" last="Kumar">Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0050">Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796 004, Mizoram, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796 004, Mizoram</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mizoram</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Subramaniam, Mohana Devi" sort="Subramaniam, Mohana Devi" uniqKey="Subramaniam M" first="Mohana Devi" last="Subramaniam">Mohana Devi Subramaniam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0055">Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600 006, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600 006</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chennai 600 006</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32278175</idno><idno type="pmc">7128376</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7128376</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7128376</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138277</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001406</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001406</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001406</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001406</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000114</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000114</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic</title><author><name sortKey="Vellingiri, Balachandar" sort="Vellingiri, Balachandar" uniqKey="Vellingiri B" first="Balachandar" last="Vellingiri">Balachandar Vellingiri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0005">Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayaramayya, Kaavya" sort="Jayaramayya, Kaavya" uniqKey="Jayaramayya K" first="Kaavya" last="Jayaramayya">Kaavya Jayaramayya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0010">Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iyer, Mahalaxmi" sort="Iyer, Mahalaxmi" uniqKey="Iyer M" first="Mahalaxmi" last="Iyer">Mahalaxmi Iyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0010">Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narayanasamy, Arul" sort="Narayanasamy, Arul" uniqKey="Narayanasamy A" first="Arul" last="Narayanasamy">Arul Narayanasamy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0015">Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan" sort="Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan" uniqKey="Govindasamy V" first="Vivekanandhan" last="Govindasamy">Vivekanandhan Govindasamy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0020">Farmer's Bio Fertilizers and Organics, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Farmer's Bio Fertilizers and Organics, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giridharan, Bupesh" sort="Giridharan, Bupesh" uniqKey="Giridharan B" first="Bupesh" last="Giridharan">Bupesh Giridharan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0025">Virology Laboratory, Central Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath University, (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Virology Laboratory, Central Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath University, (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0030">Department of Forest Science, Central University of Nagaland, Lumami, Zunhebeto, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forest Science, Central University of Nagaland, Lumami, Zunhebeto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zunhebeto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganesan, Singaravelu" sort="Ganesan, Singaravelu" uniqKey="Ganesan S" first="Singaravelu" last="Ganesan">Singaravelu Ganesan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0035">Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632115, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vellore 632115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venugopal, Anila" sort="Venugopal, Anila" uniqKey="Venugopal A" first="Anila" last="Venugopal">Anila Venugopal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0005">Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatesan, Dhivya" sort="Venkatesan, Dhivya" uniqKey="Venkatesan D" first="Dhivya" last="Venkatesan">Dhivya Venkatesan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0005">Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganesan, Harsha" sort="Ganesan, Harsha" uniqKey="Ganesan H" first="Harsha" last="Ganesan">Harsha Ganesan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0005">Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajagopalan, Kamarajan" sort="Rajagopalan, Kamarajan" uniqKey="Rajagopalan K" first="Kamarajan" last="Rajagopalan">Kamarajan Rajagopalan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0005">Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Pattanathu K S M" sort="Rahman, Pattanathu K S M" uniqKey="Rahman P" first="Pattanathu K. S. M." last="Rahman">Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0040">Deploy Lead - Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Office No: 6.06, King Henry Building School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Deploy Lead - Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Office No: 6.06, King Henry Building School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Portsmouth PO1 2DY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Ssang Goo" sort="Cho, Ssang Goo" uniqKey="Cho S" first="Ssang-Goo" last="Cho">Ssang-Goo Cho</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af0045">Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil" sort="Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil" uniqKey="Kumar N" first="Nachimuthu Senthil" last="Kumar">Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0050">Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796 004, Mizoram, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796 004, Mizoram</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mizoram</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Subramaniam, Mohana Devi" sort="Subramaniam, Mohana Devi" uniqKey="Subramaniam M" first="Mohana Devi" last="Subramaniam">Mohana Devi Subramaniam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af0055">Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600 006, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600 006</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chennai 600 006</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Science of the Total Environment</title><idno type="ISSN">0048-9697</idno><idno type="eISSN">1879-1026</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The outbreak of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide due to inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase. When compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due to increased globalization and adaptation of the virus in every environment. Slowing the spread of the COVID-19 cases will significantly reduce the strain on the healthcare system of the country by limiting the number of people who are severely sick by COVID-19 and need hospital care. Hence, the recent outburst of COVID-19 highlights an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the structure of virus; varying symptoms among COVID-19, SARS, MERS and common flu; the probable mechanism behind the infection and its immune response. Further, the current treatment options, drugs available, ongoing trials and recent diagnostics for COVID-19 have been discussed. We suggest traditional Indian medicinal plants as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Total Environ</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci. Total Environ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Science of the Total Environment</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0048-9697</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1879-1026</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier B.V.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32278175</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7128376</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0048-9697(20)31790-3</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138277</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">138277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0005"><name><surname>Vellingiri</surname><given-names>Balachandar</given-names></name><email>geneticbala@buc.edu.in</email><xref rid="af0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="cr0005" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref><xref rid="fn0005" ref-type="fn">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0010"><name><surname>Jayaramayya</surname><given-names>Kaavya</given-names></name><xref rid="af0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref><xref rid="fn0005" ref-type="fn">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0015"><name><surname>Iyer</surname><given-names>Mahalaxmi</given-names></name><xref rid="af0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0020"><name><surname>Narayanasamy</surname><given-names>Arul</given-names></name><xref rid="af0015" ref-type="aff">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0025"><name><surname>Govindasamy</surname><given-names>Vivekanandhan</given-names></name><xref rid="af0020" ref-type="aff">d</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0030"><name><surname>Giridharan</surname><given-names>Bupesh</given-names></name><xref rid="af0025" ref-type="aff">e</xref><xref rid="af0030" ref-type="aff">f</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0035"><name><surname>Ganesan</surname><given-names>Singaravelu</given-names></name><xref rid="af0035" ref-type="aff">g</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0040"><name><surname>Venugopal</surname><given-names>Anila</given-names></name><xref rid="af0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0045"><name><surname>Venkatesan</surname><given-names>Dhivya</given-names></name><xref rid="af0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0050"><name><surname>Ganesan</surname><given-names>Harsha</given-names></name><xref rid="af0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0055"><name><surname>Rajagopalan</surname><given-names>Kamarajan</given-names></name><xref rid="af0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0060"><name><surname>Rahman</surname><given-names>Pattanathu K.S.M.</given-names></name><xref rid="af0040" ref-type="aff">h</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0065"><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>Ssang-Goo</given-names></name><xref rid="af0045" ref-type="aff">i</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0070"><name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>Nachimuthu Senthil</given-names></name><xref rid="af0050" ref-type="aff">j</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0075"><name><surname>Subramaniam</surname><given-names>Mohana Devi</given-names></name><xref rid="af0055" ref-type="aff">k</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af0005"><label>a</label>Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</aff><aff id="af0010"><label>b</label>Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India</aff><aff id="af0015"><label>c</label>Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India</aff><aff id="af0020"><label>d</label>Farmer's Bio Fertilizers and Organics, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India</aff><aff id="af0025"><label>e</label>Virology Laboratory, Central Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath University, (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India</aff><aff id="af0030"><label>f</label>Department of Forest Science, Central University of Nagaland, Lumami, Zunhebeto, India</aff><aff id="af0035"><label>g</label>Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632115, India</aff><aff id="af0040"><label>h</label>Deploy Lead - Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Office No: 6.06, King Henry Building School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK</aff><aff id="af0045"><label>i</label>Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea</aff><aff id="af0050"><label>j</label>Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796 004, Mizoram, India</aff><aff id="af0055"><label>k</label>Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600 006, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cr0005"><label>⁎</label>Corresponding author at: Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India. <email>geneticbala@buc.edu.in</email></corresp><fn id="fn0005"><label>1</label><p id="np0005">Authors have equal contribution.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>4</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><elocation-id>138277</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>9</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>26</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder></copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="ab0005"><p>The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The outbreak of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide due to inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase. When compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due to increased globalization and adaptation of the virus in every environment. Slowing the spread of the COVID-19 cases will significantly reduce the strain on the healthcare system of the country by limiting the number of people who are severely sick by COVID-19 and need hospital care. Hence, the recent outburst of COVID-19 highlights an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the structure of virus; varying symptoms among COVID-19, SARS, MERS and common flu; the probable mechanism behind the infection and its immune response. Further, the current treatment options, drugs available, ongoing trials and recent diagnostics for COVID-19 have been discussed. We suggest traditional Indian medicinal plants as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="graphical" id="ab0010"><title>Graphical abstract</title><p><fig id="f0020" position="anchor"><alt-text id="al0045">Unlabelled Image</alt-text><graphic xlink:href="ga1_lrg"></graphic></fig></p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="author-highlights" id="ab0015"><title>Highlights</title><p><list list-type="simple" id="l0010"><list-item id="li0015"><label>•</label><p id="p0015">SARS-COV-2 is structurally similar to SARS-COV.</p></list-item><list-item id="li0020"><label>•</label><p id="p0020">The mechanism of SARS-COV-2 in the host cell may be comparable to SARS-COV.</p></list-item><list-item id="li0025"><label>•</label><p id="p0025">SARS-CoV-2 invade the immune and nervous system.</p></list-item><list-item id="li0030"><label>•</label><p id="p0030">There is an urgent need for novel treatment options for COVID-19.</p></list-item><list-item id="li0035"><label>•</label><p id="p0035">Indian medicinal plants are likely to be potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.</p></list-item></list></p></abstract><kwd-group id="ks0005"><title>Abbreviations</title><kwd>ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2</kwd><kwd>ACE2-Fc, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Fc</kwd><kwd>ADAM17, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17</kwd><kwd>ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome</kwd><kwd>ASC, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD</kwd><kwd>CNS, Central Nervous System</kwd><kwd>COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019</kwd><kwd>ER, endoplasmic reticulum</kwd><kwd>ExoN, exoribonuclease</kwd><kwd>FDA, Food and Drug Administration</kwd><kwd>FP, internal fusion protein</kwd><kwd>HCoV, Human coronavirus</kwd><kwd>HIV, human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>JAK-STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription</kwd><kwd>JNK, c-Jun N- terminal kinase</kwd><kwd>MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1</kwd><kwd>MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome</kwd><kwd>MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</kwd><kwd>MHV, mouse hepatitis virus</kwd><kwd>mRNA, messenger RNA</kwd><kwd>NF-kB, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells</kwd><kwd>NIH, National Institutes of Health</kwd><kwd>NLRP3, Nod-like receptor protein 3</kwd><kwd>ORF, open reading frame</kwd><kwd>PHEIC, Public Health Emergency of International Concern</kwd><kwd>PHEV, Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus</kwd><kwd>RBD, receptor binding domain</kwd><kwd>RBM, receptor binding motif</kwd><kwd>RCT, randomized controlled treatment</kwd><kwd>RdRp, RNA dependent RNA polymerase</kwd><kwd>RNA, Ribonucleic acid</kwd><kwd>ROS, Reactive oxygen species</kwd><kwd>RTC, replicase-transcriptase complex</kwd><kwd>SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome</kwd><kwd>SARS-COV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2</kwd><kwd>TM, transmembrane</kwd><kwd>TMPRSS11a, Transmembrane serine protease 11a</kwd><kwd>TNFβ, Tumor necrosis factor β</kwd><kwd>TRAF3, TNF receptor associated factor 3</kwd><kwd>TRS, transcriptional regulatory sequence</kwd><kwd>WHO, World Health Organization</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group id="ks0010"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Mechanism of action</kwd><kwd>Therapeutic approach</kwd><kwd>Indian traditional medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta><notes><p id="mi0005">Editor: Damia Barcelo</p></notes></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>Inde</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li></region><settlement><li>Séoul</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Vellingiri, Balachandar" sort="Vellingiri, Balachandar" uniqKey="Vellingiri B" first="Balachandar" last="Vellingiri">Balachandar Vellingiri</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ganesan, Harsha" sort="Ganesan, Harsha" uniqKey="Ganesan H" first="Harsha" last="Ganesan">Harsha Ganesan</name><name sortKey="Ganesan, Singaravelu" sort="Ganesan, Singaravelu" uniqKey="Ganesan S" first="Singaravelu" last="Ganesan">Singaravelu Ganesan</name><name sortKey="Giridharan, Bupesh" sort="Giridharan, Bupesh" uniqKey="Giridharan B" first="Bupesh" last="Giridharan">Bupesh Giridharan</name><name sortKey="Giridharan, Bupesh" sort="Giridharan, Bupesh" uniqKey="Giridharan B" first="Bupesh" last="Giridharan">Bupesh Giridharan</name><name sortKey="Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan" sort="Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan" uniqKey="Govindasamy V" first="Vivekanandhan" last="Govindasamy">Vivekanandhan Govindasamy</name><name sortKey="Iyer, Mahalaxmi" sort="Iyer, Mahalaxmi" uniqKey="Iyer M" first="Mahalaxmi" last="Iyer">Mahalaxmi Iyer</name><name sortKey="Jayaramayya, Kaavya" sort="Jayaramayya, Kaavya" uniqKey="Jayaramayya K" first="Kaavya" last="Jayaramayya">Kaavya Jayaramayya</name><name sortKey="Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil" sort="Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil" uniqKey="Kumar N" first="Nachimuthu Senthil" last="Kumar">Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar</name><name sortKey="Narayanasamy, Arul" sort="Narayanasamy, Arul" uniqKey="Narayanasamy A" first="Arul" last="Narayanasamy">Arul Narayanasamy</name><name sortKey="Rajagopalan, Kamarajan" sort="Rajagopalan, Kamarajan" uniqKey="Rajagopalan K" first="Kamarajan" last="Rajagopalan">Kamarajan Rajagopalan</name><name sortKey="Subramaniam, Mohana Devi" sort="Subramaniam, Mohana Devi" uniqKey="Subramaniam M" first="Mohana Devi" last="Subramaniam">Mohana Devi Subramaniam</name><name sortKey="Venkatesan, Dhivya" sort="Venkatesan, Dhivya" uniqKey="Venkatesan D" first="Dhivya" last="Venkatesan">Dhivya Venkatesan</name><name sortKey="Venugopal, Anila" sort="Venugopal, Anila" uniqKey="Venugopal A" first="Anila" last="Venugopal">Anila Venugopal</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rahman, Pattanathu K S M" sort="Rahman, Pattanathu K S M" uniqKey="Rahman P" first="Pattanathu K. S. M." last="Rahman">Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman</name></noRegion></country><country name="Corée du Sud"><region name="Région capitale de Séoul"><name sortKey="Cho, Ssang Goo" sort="Cho, Ssang Goo" uniqKey="Cho S" first="Ssang-Goo" last="Cho">Ssang-Goo Cho</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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