Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study
Identifieur interne : 000007 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000006; suivant : 000008Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study
Auteurs : Ali S. Omrani [Arabie saoudite] ; Mustafa M. Saad [Arabie saoudite] ; Kamran Baig [Arabie saoudite] ; Abdelkarim Bahloul [Arabie saoudite] ; Mohammed Abdul-Matin [Arabie saoudite] ; Amal Y. Alaidaroos [Arabie saoudite] ; Ghaleb A. Almakhlafi [Arabie saoudite] ; Mohammed M. Albarrak [Arabie saoudite] ; Ziad A. Memish [Arabie saoudite] ; Ali M. Albarrak [Arabie saoudite]Source :
- Lancet. Infectious diseases : (print) [ 1473-3099 ] ; 2014.
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Abstract
Background Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is associated with high mortality and has no approved antiviral therapy. We aimed to compare ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a treatment for patients with severe MERS-CoV infection with a supportive therapy only. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (aged ≥16 years) with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection and pneumonia needing ventilation support, diagnosed between Oct 23, 2012, and May 1, 2014, at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). All patients received appropriate supportive care and regular clinical and laboratory monitoring, but patients diagnosed after Sept 16, 2013, were also given oral ribavirin (dose based on calculated creatinine clearance, for 8-10 days) and subcutaneous pegylated interferon alfa-2a (180 μg per week for 2 weeks). The primary endpoint was 14-day and 28-day survival from the date of MERS-CoV infection diagnosis. We used X2 and Fischer's exact test to analyse categorical variables and the t test to analyse continuous variables. Findings We analysed 20 patients who received ribavirin and interferon (treatment group; initiated a median of 3 days [range 0-8] after diagnosis) and 24 who did not (comparator group). Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar between groups, apart from baseline absolute neutrophil count, which was significantly lower in the comparator group (5 • 88 × 109/L [SD 3 • 95] vs 9 • 88 × 109/L [6 • 63]; p=0.023). 14 (70%) of 20 patients in the treatment group had survived after 14 days, compared with seven (29%) of 24 in the comparator group (p=0 • 004). After 28 days, six (30%) of 20 and four (17%) of 24, respectively, had survived (p=0 • 54). Adverse effects were similar between groups, apart from reduction in haemoglobin, which was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the comparator group (4 • 32 g/L [SD 2 • 47] vs 2 • 14 g/L [1 • 90]; p=0 • 002). Interpretation In patients with severe MERS-CoV infection, ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a therapy is associated with significantly improved survival at 14 days, but not at 28 days. Further assessment in appropriately designed randomised trials is recommended.
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study</title><author><name sortKey="Omrani, Ali S" sort="Omrani, Ali S" uniqKey="Omrani A" first="Ali S." last="Omrani">Ali S. Omrani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saad, Mustafa M" sort="Saad, Mustafa M" uniqKey="Saad M" first="Mustafa M." last="Saad">Mustafa M. 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Alaidaroos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almakhlafi, Ghaleb A" sort="Almakhlafi, Ghaleb A" uniqKey="Almakhlafi G" first="Ghaleb A." last="Almakhlafi">Ghaleb A. Almakhlafi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Critical Care, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albarrak, Mohammed M" sort="Albarrak, Mohammed M" uniqKey="Albarrak M" first="Mohammed M." last="Albarrak">Mohammed M. Albarrak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Critical Care, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A." last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Al-Faisal University and Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Al-Faisal University and Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albarrak, Ali M" sort="Albarrak, Ali M" uniqKey="Albarrak A" first="Ali M." last="Albarrak">Ali M. Albarrak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">14-0276185</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 14-0276185 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:14-0276185</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000003</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000091</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000007</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000007</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study</title><author><name sortKey="Omrani, Ali S" sort="Omrani, Ali S" uniqKey="Omrani A" first="Ali S." last="Omrani">Ali S. Omrani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saad, Mustafa M" sort="Saad, Mustafa M" uniqKey="Saad M" first="Mustafa M." last="Saad">Mustafa M. Saad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baig, Kamran" sort="Baig, Kamran" uniqKey="Baig K" first="Kamran" last="Baig">Kamran Baig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bahloul, Abdelkarim" sort="Bahloul, Abdelkarim" uniqKey="Bahloul A" first="Abdelkarim" last="Bahloul">Abdelkarim Bahloul</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdul Matin, Mohammed" sort="Abdul Matin, Mohammed" uniqKey="Abdul Matin M" first="Mohammed" last="Abdul-Matin">Mohammed Abdul-Matin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alaidaroos, Amal Y" sort="Alaidaroos, Amal Y" uniqKey="Alaidaroos A" first="Amal Y." last="Alaidaroos">Amal Y. Alaidaroos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almakhlafi, Ghaleb A" sort="Almakhlafi, Ghaleb A" uniqKey="Almakhlafi G" first="Ghaleb A." last="Almakhlafi">Ghaleb A. Almakhlafi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Critical Care, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albarrak, Mohammed M" sort="Albarrak, Mohammed M" uniqKey="Albarrak M" first="Mohammed M." last="Albarrak">Mohammed M. Albarrak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Critical Care, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A." last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Al-Faisal University and Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Al-Faisal University and Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albarrak, Ali M" sort="Albarrak, Ali M" uniqKey="Albarrak A" first="Ali M." last="Albarrak">Ali M. Albarrak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Lancet. Infectious diseases : (print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Lancet. Infect. dis. : (print)</title><idno type="ISSN">1473-3099</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Lancet. Infectious diseases : (print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Lancet. Infect. dis. : (print)</title><idno type="ISSN">1473-3099</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antineoplastic agent</term><term>Antiviral</term><term>Cohort study</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Interferon alpha 2a</term><term>Middle East respiratory syndrome</term><term>Ribavirin</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ribavirine</term><term>Interféron alpha 2a</term><term>Etude cohorte</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Antiviral</term><term>Anticancéreux</term><term>Forme grave</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is associated with high mortality and has no approved antiviral therapy. We aimed to compare ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a treatment for patients with severe MERS-CoV infection with a supportive therapy only. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (aged ≥16 years) with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection and pneumonia needing ventilation support, diagnosed between Oct 23, 2012, and May 1, 2014, at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). All patients received appropriate supportive care and regular clinical and laboratory monitoring, but patients diagnosed after Sept 16, 2013, were also given oral ribavirin (dose based on calculated creatinine clearance, for 8-10 days) and subcutaneous pegylated interferon alfa-2a (180 μg per week for 2 weeks). The primary endpoint was 14-day and 28-day survival from the date of MERS-CoV infection diagnosis. We used X<sup>2</sup> and Fischer's exact test to analyse categorical variables and the t test to analyse continuous variables. Findings We analysed 20 patients who received ribavirin and interferon (treatment group; initiated a median of 3 days [range 0-8] after diagnosis) and 24 who did not (comparator group). Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar between groups, apart from baseline absolute neutrophil count, which was significantly lower in the comparator group (5 • 88 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L [SD 3 • 95] vs 9 • 88 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L [6 • 63]; p=0.023). 14 (70%) of 20 patients in the treatment group had survived after 14 days, compared with seven (29%) of 24 in the comparator group (p=0 • 004). After 28 days, six (30%) of 20 and four (17%) of 24, respectively, had survived (p=0 • 54). Adverse effects were similar between groups, apart from reduction in haemoglobin, which was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the comparator group (4 • 32 g/L [SD 2 • 47] vs 2 • 14 g/L [1 • 90]; p=0 • 002). Interpretation In patients with severe MERS-CoV infection, ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a therapy is associated with significantly improved survival at 14 days, but not at 28 days. Further assessment in appropriately designed randomised trials is recommended.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>1473-3099</s0></fA01><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Lancet. Infect. dis. : (print)</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>14</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>11</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>OMRANI (Ali S.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>SAAD (Mustafa M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>BAIG (Kamran)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>BAHLOUL (Abdelkarim)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>ABDUL-MATIN (Mohammed)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>ALAIDAROOS (Amal Y.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>ALMAKHLAFI (Ghaleb A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>ALBARRAK (Mohammed M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>MEMISH (Ziad A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>ALBARRAK (Ali M.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Division of Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Critical Care, Prince Sultan Military Medical City</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Al-Faisal University and Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>1090-1095</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2014</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>27478</s2><s5>354000504575310230</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2014 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>26 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>14-0276185</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Lancet. Infectious diseases : (print)</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>GBR</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Background Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is associated with high mortality and has no approved antiviral therapy. We aimed to compare ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a treatment for patients with severe MERS-CoV infection with a supportive therapy only. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (aged ≥16 years) with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection and pneumonia needing ventilation support, diagnosed between Oct 23, 2012, and May 1, 2014, at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). All patients received appropriate supportive care and regular clinical and laboratory monitoring, but patients diagnosed after Sept 16, 2013, were also given oral ribavirin (dose based on calculated creatinine clearance, for 8-10 days) and subcutaneous pegylated interferon alfa-2a (180 μg per week for 2 weeks). The primary endpoint was 14-day and 28-day survival from the date of MERS-CoV infection diagnosis. We used X<sup>2</sup> and Fischer's exact test to analyse categorical variables and the t test to analyse continuous variables. Findings We analysed 20 patients who received ribavirin and interferon (treatment group; initiated a median of 3 days [range 0-8] after diagnosis) and 24 who did not (comparator group). Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar between groups, apart from baseline absolute neutrophil count, which was significantly lower in the comparator group (5 • 88 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L [SD 3 • 95] vs 9 • 88 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L [6 • 63]; p=0.023). 14 (70%) of 20 patients in the treatment group had survived after 14 days, compared with seven (29%) of 24 in the comparator group (p=0 • 004). After 28 days, six (30%) of 20 and four (17%) of 24, respectively, had survived (p=0 • 54). Adverse effects were similar between groups, apart from reduction in haemoglobin, which was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the comparator group (4 • 32 g/L [SD 2 • 47] vs 2 • 14 g/L [1 • 90]; p=0 • 002). Interpretation In patients with severe MERS-CoV infection, ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a therapy is associated with significantly improved survival at 14 days, but not at 28 days. Further assessment in appropriately designed randomised trials is recommended.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002B05C02C</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002B02S05</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ribavirine</s0><s2>NK</s2><s2>FR</s2><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ribavirin</s0><s2>NK</s2><s2>FR</s2><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ribavirina</s0><s2>NK</s2><s2>FR</s2><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Interféron alpha 2a</s0><s2>FR</s2><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Interferon alpha 2a</s0><s2>FR</s2><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Interferon alfa 2a</s0><s2>FR</s2><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Etude cohorte</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cohort study</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estudio cohorte</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Coronavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Coronavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Coronavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Antiviral</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Antiviral</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Antiviral</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Anticancéreux</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Antineoplastic agent</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Anticanceroso</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Forme grave</s0><s4>INC</s4><s5>86</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</s0><s4>CD</s4><s5>96</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Middle East respiratory syndrome</s0><s4>CD</s4><s5>96</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Coronaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Coronaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Coronaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nidovirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nidovirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nidovirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Analogue de nucléoside</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nucleoside analog</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Análogo nucleósido</s0><s5>37</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Cytokine</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cytokine</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Citoquina</s0><s5>38</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pathologie de l'appareil respiratoire</s0><s5>39</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Respiratory disease</s0><s5>39</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Aparato respiratorio patología</s0><s5>39</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virose</s0><s5>40</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral disease</s0><s5>40</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virosis</s0><s5>40</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0></fC07><fN21><s1>349</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Arabie saoudite</li></country></list><tree><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Omrani, Ali S" sort="Omrani, Ali S" uniqKey="Omrani A" first="Ali S." last="Omrani">Ali S. Omrani</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Abdul Matin, Mohammed" sort="Abdul Matin, Mohammed" uniqKey="Abdul Matin M" first="Mohammed" last="Abdul-Matin">Mohammed Abdul-Matin</name><name sortKey="Alaidaroos, Amal Y" sort="Alaidaroos, Amal Y" uniqKey="Alaidaroos A" first="Amal Y." last="Alaidaroos">Amal Y. Alaidaroos</name><name sortKey="Alaidaroos, Amal Y" sort="Alaidaroos, Amal Y" uniqKey="Alaidaroos A" first="Amal Y." last="Alaidaroos">Amal Y. Alaidaroos</name><name sortKey="Albarrak, Ali M" sort="Albarrak, Ali M" uniqKey="Albarrak A" first="Ali M." last="Albarrak">Ali M. Albarrak</name><name sortKey="Albarrak, Mohammed M" sort="Albarrak, Mohammed M" uniqKey="Albarrak M" first="Mohammed M." last="Albarrak">Mohammed M. Albarrak</name><name sortKey="Almakhlafi, Ghaleb A" sort="Almakhlafi, Ghaleb A" uniqKey="Almakhlafi G" first="Ghaleb A." last="Almakhlafi">Ghaleb A. Almakhlafi</name><name sortKey="Bahloul, Abdelkarim" sort="Bahloul, Abdelkarim" uniqKey="Bahloul A" first="Abdelkarim" last="Bahloul">Abdelkarim Bahloul</name><name sortKey="Baig, Kamran" sort="Baig, Kamran" uniqKey="Baig K" first="Kamran" last="Baig">Kamran Baig</name><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A." last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name><name sortKey="Saad, Mustafa M" sort="Saad, Mustafa M" uniqKey="Saad M" first="Mustafa M." last="Saad">Mustafa M. Saad</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|wiki= Sante
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|texte= Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study
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